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Emmeline (Nina) Cust (1867- I955), translator, editor, poet, and sculptor, was the daughter of Sir William Welby-Gregory fourth Baronet and Victoria Welby of Denton Manor, Grantham.

On 11 October 1893 she married Henry Cust (1861-1917), Unionist M.P. for the Stamford division of Lincolnshire (1890-5) and Bermondsey (1900-6) as well as editor of the Pall Mall Gazette in the 1890s.
The marriage was orchestrated by the family and Arthur Balfour, as Nina had become pregnant (some sources argue it was a hysterical pregnancy) after an affair with Cust, a notorious philanderer. Cust settled his wife in a home in Carlton House Terrace, but then appears to have abandoned her, for all intensive purposes. They did not have children.

Through her marriage, she became a member of 'The Souls,' the exclusive circle of young men and women, all prominent in public and social life, who formed the artistic avant-garde in English society in the 1880S and 90s.

Cust was the editor of two volumes of her mother's collected correspondence.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cust .

Wayne Scott Ray (1950- ), poet, was born in Alabama, United States and grew up in Stephenville, Newfoundland and Woodstock, Ontario. He is the founder of HMS Press, a book distribution company. He has served as secretary/treasurer of the Canadian Poetry Association (1985-1988) and was a co-chairman of the League of Canadian Poets. He served as the curator of the Field horticultural photographic collection. In 1988 he established the London chapter of the Canadian Poetry Association and in the following year he was recipient of the Editors' Prize, 'Canadian author and bookman', for best poet published in 1989.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet, OM (9 May 1860 – 19 June 1937) was a Scottish author and dramatist, best remembered today as the creator of Peter Pan. The child of a family of small-town weavers, he was educated in Scotland. He moved to London, where he developed a career as a novelist and playwright. There he met the Llewelyn Davies boys who inspired him in writing about a baby boy who has magical adventures in Kensington Gardens (included in The Little White Bird), then to write Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up, a "fairy play" about this ageless boy and an ordinary girl named Wendy who have adventures in the fantasy setting of Neverland. This play quickly overshadowed his previous work and although he continued to write successfully, it became his best-known work, credited with popularising the name Wendy, which was very uncommon previously. Barrie unofficially adopted the Davies boys following the deaths of their parents.

Barrie was made a baronet by George V in 1913, and a member of the Order of Merit in 1922. Before his death, he gave the rights to the Peter Pan works to London's Great Ormond Street Hospital, which continues to benefit from them.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._Barrie .

H. S. (Henry Silton) Harris, author and educator, was born on April 11, 1926 in Brighton, England. He received his B. A. in Philosophy from Oxford University in 1949, completed his M. A. in 1952 and his Ph. D. in 1954 at the University of Illinois. Following a teaching career there and at Ohio State University (1951-1961), Harris joined the Philosophy Department at York University in 1962. He served as Academic Dean of Glendon College, 1967-1969. He retired from York in 1994. Harris was a prolific author and an acknowledged authority on the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel. He is the author of several books, articles and book chapters on Hegel including "Hegel's Development I: Toward the Sunlight (1770-1801)", published in 1972; "Hegel's Development II: Night Thoughts (Jena 1801-1806)", published in 1983; and "Hegel's Ladder: A Draft of a Commentary on Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit", published in 1985. In addition, Harris prepared several translations of Hegel's works to which he added textual notes and introductions, including "First philosophy of spirit," (1979), "Lectures on the philosophy of religion," (1984- ) and "Encyclopedia of logic with the Zusatze," (1991).

Charles Templeton (7 October 1915-), broadcaster, author and former evangelist, was born in Toronto and attended the Princeton Theological Seminary from 1948-1951. He received his D.D. from Lafayette College in 1953. From 1932 to 1936 he was a sports cartoonist with the Globe and Mail in Toronto. He was ordained at the Church of the Nazarene in 1938 and was appointed Minister, Avenue Road Church, Toronto where he remained from 1941 to 1948. From 1952-1954, Templeton was Secretary of Evangelism, National Council of the Churches of Christ, U.S.A.. He was also host of "Look Up and Live" for the CBS Network from 1952 to 1955 and Director of Evangelism, Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. from 1955-1957. Templeton was a moderator, director and/or performer on many CBC and CTV-TV programs between 1957 and 1972 and was Executive Managing Editor of the Toronto Star from 1959 to 1964, a position he resigned from in order to contest the Liberal Party Leadership in Ontario. He was defeated but remained as Vice-President of the Party for the 1964-1965 year. He was President of Technamation Canada Ltd. in 1966, Director of News and Public Affairs for CTV from 1967-1969 and co-hosted "Dialogue" with Pierre Berton on CFRB radio from 1964-1966 and CKEY from 1966-1983. He is the recipient of several ACTRA awards for his career as a journalist and has had numerous plays performed on the CBC, the BBC and the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation. He is also the author of over ten books. He received the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal in 1992.

John Moss was born in 1940 in Galt, Ontario. Moss earned a BA from Huron College in 1961, a MA from the University of Western Ontario in 1969, a MPhil from the University of Waterloo in 1970, and a PhD from the University of New Brunswick in 1973. While at UNB he co-founded the Journal of Canadian fiction with David Arnason. After a series of itinerant jobs, Moss returned to academia and taught at Concordia University, the University of British Columbia, and Queen's University before settling at the University of Ottawa, from which he retired in 2005 as Professor Emeritus. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2005 for his work in Canadian literary criticism and the advancement of Canadian literature. Moss is the author of numerous scholarly works including Patterns of isolation (1974), A Reader's guide to the Canadian novel (1981 and 1987), Enduring dreams (1994), The Paradox of meaning (1999), and Being fiction (2001). Since retirement, Moss has focused on writing the Quin and Morgan murder mysteries.

Stephen Phillips (28 July 1864 - 9 December 1915) was an English poet and dramatist, who enjoyed considerable popularity in his lifetime.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Phillips .

Frederic William Henry Myers (6 February 1843, in Keswick, Cumberland - 17 January 1901, in Rome) was a poet, classicist, philologist, and a founder of the Society for Psychical Research. Myers' work on psychical research and his ideas about a "subliminal self" have not been accepted by the scientific community. Myers was the son of Revd Frederic Myers (1811-1851) and his second wife Susan Harriet Myers nee Marshall (1811-1896). He was a brother of poet Ernest Myers (1844-1921) and of Dr. Arthur Thomas Myers (1851-1894). His maternal grandfather was the wealthy industrialist John Marshall (1765-1845).

Myers was educated at Cheltenham College and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he received a B.A. in 1865, and university prizes, including the Bell, Craven, Camden and Chancellor's Medal, though he was forced to resign the Camden medal for 1863 after accusations of plagiarism. He was a Fellow of Trinity College from 1865 to 1874 and college lecturer in classics from 1865 to 1869. In 1872 be became an Inspector of schools.

In 1867, Myers published a long poem, St Paul, which became popular. It was followed in 1882 by The Renewal of Youth and Other Poems. He also wrote books of literary criticism, in particular Wordsworth (1881) and Essays, Classical and Modern (in two volumes, 1883), which included an essay on Virgil. As a young man, Myers was a homosexual. He was involved in homosexual relationships with Arthur Sidgwick and the poet John Addington Symonds. He later fell in love with the medium Annie Eliza, the wife of his cousin Walter James Marshall and they had an affair. Myer's relationship with his cousin's wife was described as sexual. Annie committed suicide in September 1876 by drowning.

The British occult writer Richard Cavendish wrote "According to his own statement, he [Myers] had very strong sexual inclinations, which he indulged. These would seem to have been mainly homosexual in his youth, but in later life he was wholly heterosexual." In 1880, Myers married Eveleen Tennant (1856-1937), daughter of Charles Tennant and Gertrude Tennant. They had two sons, the elder the novelist Leopold Hamilton Myers (1881-1944), and a daughter. English author Ronald Pearsall wrote that Myers had sexual interests in the young lady mediums that he investigated. The researcher Trevor H. Hall argued that Myers had an affair with the medium Ada Goodrich Freer. Myers was interested in psychical research and was one of the founder members of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR) in 1883. He became the President in 1900. Myers has been described as an "important early depth psychologist" who influenced William James, Pierre Janet, Th

Sir James Augustus Henry Murray (7 February 1837 - 26 July 1915) was a Scottish lexicographer and philologist. He was the primary editor of the Oxford English Dictionary from 1879 until his death. Sir James Murray was born in the village of Denholm near Hawick in the Scottish Borders, the eldest son of a draper, Thomas Murray. A precocious child with a voracious appetite for learning, he left school at the age of fourteen because his parents were not able to afford to send him to local fee-paying schools. At the age of seventeen he became a teacher at Hawick Grammar School and three years later was headmaster of the Subscription Academy there. In 1856 he was one of the founders of the Hawick Archaeological Society.

In 1861, Murray met a music teacher, Maggie Scott, whom he married the following year. Two years later, they had a daughter Anna, who shortly after died of tuberculosis. Maggie, too, fell ill with tuberculosis, and on the advice of doctors, the couple moved to London to escape the Scottish winters. Once there, Murray took an administrative job with the Chartered Bank of India, while continuing in his spare time to pursue his many and varied academic interests. Maggie died within a year of arrival in London. A year later Murray was engaged to Ada Agnes Ruthven, and the following year married her.

By this time Murray was primarily interested in languages and etymology. Some idea of the depth and range of his linguistic erudition may be gained from a letter of application he wrote to Thomas Watts, Keeper of Printed Books at the British Museum, in which he claimed an

Joseph Barber Lightfoot (13 April 1828 - 21 December 1889), known as J. B. Lightfoot, was an English theologian and Bishop of Durham. Lightfoot was born in Liverpool, where his father was an accountant. He was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, under James Prince Lee. His contemporaries included Brooke Foss Westcott and Edward White Benson. In 1847 Lightfoot went to Trinity College, Cambridge, and read for his degree along with Westcott. He graduated senior classic and 30th wrangler, and was elected a fellow of his college. From 1854 to 1859 he edited the Journal of Classical and Sacred Philology. In 1857 he became tutor and his fame as a scholar grew. He was made Hulsean professor in 1861, and shortly afterwards chaplain to the Prince Consort and honorary chaplain in ordinary to Queen Victoria.

In 1866 he was Whitehall preacher, and in 1871 he became canon of St Paul's Cathedral. The Times wrote after his death that:

"It was always patent that what he was chiefly concerned with was the substance and the life of Christian truth, and that his whole energies were employed in this inquiry because his whole heart was engaged in the truths and facts which were at stake."

In 1875 Lightfoot became Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity in succession to William Selwyn. In 1879 he was consecrated bishop of Durham in succession to Charles Baring. He soon surrounded himself with a band of scholarly young men.

Lightfoot was never married. He died at Bournemouth and was succeeded in the episcopate by Westcott, his schoolfellow and lifelong friend. He served as President of the first day of the 1880 Co-operative Congress. Lightfoot wrote commentaries on the Epistle to the Galatians (1865), Epistle to Philippians (1868) and Epistle to the Colossians (1875). In 1874, the anonymous publication of Supernatural Religion, a work speculated by some to be authored by Walter Richard Cassels, attracted attention. In a series of papers in the Contemporary Review, between December 1874 and May 1877, Lightfoot undertook the defense of the New Testament canon. The articles were published in collected form in 1889. About the same time he was engaged in contributions to William Smith's Dictionary of Christian Biography and Dictionary of the Bible, and he also joined the committee for revising the translation of the New Testament.

The corpus of Lightfoot's writings include essays on biblical and historical subject matter, commentaries on Pauline epistles, and studies on the Apostolic Fathers. His sermons were posthumously published in four official volumes, and additionally in the Contemporary Pulpit Library series. At Durham he continued to work at his editions of the Apostolic Fathers, and in 1885 published an edition of the Epistles of Ignatius and Polycarp, collecting also materials for a second edition of Clement of Rome, which was published after his death (1st ed., 1869). He defended the authenticity of the Epistles of Ignatius.

(from Wikipedia entry)

The Most Rev. William Thomson FRS, FRGS (11 February 1819 - 25 December 1890) was an English church leader, Archbishop of York from 1862 until his death. He was born at Whitehaven, Cumberland, and educated at Shrewsbury School and at The Queen's College, Oxford, of which he became a scholar. He took his B.A. degree in 1840, and was soon afterwards made fellow of his college. He was ordained in 1842, and worked as a curate at Cuddesdon. In 1847 he was made tutor of his college, and in 1853 he delivered the Bampton lectures, his subject being The Atoning Work of Christ viewed in Relation to some Ancient Theories. These thoughtful and learned lectures established his reputation and did much to clear the ground for subsequent discussions on the subject. Thomson's activity was not confined to theology. He was made fellow of the Royal Society and the Royal Geographical Society. He also wrote a very popular Outline of the Laws of Thought. He sided with the party at Oxford which favoured university reform, but this did not prevent him from being appointed provost of his college in 1855. In 1858 he was made preacher at Lincoln's Inn and a volume of his sermons was published in 1861. In the same year he edited Aids to Faith, a volume written in opposition to Essays and Reviews, the progressive sentiments of which had stirred up controversy in the Church of England.

In December 1861 he became Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, and within a year he was elevated to Archbishop of York. In this position his moderate orthodoxy led him to join Archbishop Archibald Campbell Tait in supporting the Public Worship Regulation Act, and, as president of the northern convocation, he came frequently into sharp collision with the lower house of that body. But if he thus incurred the hostility of the High Church party among the clergy, he was admired by the laity for his strong sense, his clear and forcible reasoning, and his wide knowledge, and he remained to the last a power in the north of England. In his later years he published an address read before the members of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1868), one on Design in Nature, for the Christian Evidence Society, which reached a fifth edition, various charges and pastoral addresses, and he was one of the projectors of the Speaker's Commentary, for which he wrote the "Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels."

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomson_(bishop) .

(from Wikipedia entry)

author Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle KStJ, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a Scottish physician and writer who is most noted for his fictional stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered milestones in the field of crime fiction. He is also known for writing the fictional adventures of a second character he invented, Professor Challenger, and for popularising the mystery of the Mary Celeste. He was a prolific writer whose other works include fantasy and science fiction stories, plays, romances, poetry, non-fiction, and historical novels.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle .

Paul Hoffert (1943-), composer, musician, author and administrator, was born in Brooklyn, New York on 22 September 1943 and educated at the University of Toronto where he received a B.Sc. in 1966. He mastered classical and jazz piano at a young age and made his first recording, "Jazz Routes of Paul Hoffert" in 1959. He also performed on the TV series "While We Were Young" with Gordon Lightfoot and Tommy Ambrose from 1960 to 1962. As a musician, Hoffert is best known for his work with the musical group Lighthouse that he co-founded in 1969. Lighthouse was the first rock group to feature jazz horns and classical strings. Lighthouse sold millions of records, toured the world and was awarded three Juno awards as Canada's top pop band for the years 1971, 1972 and 1973. Hoffert was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of Lighthouse in 1995. In 1975, Hoffert began focusing on composing film and television music and penned dozens of feature film and hundreds of television program scores. His film music earned him a San Francisco Film Festival and three SOCAN Film Composer of the Year awards. His concert music includes a Juno-award winning violin concerto. In many of his musical endeavours, Hoffert collaborated with his wife, Brenda. Hoffert has parallel achievements in science and technology. He was a researcher at the National Research Council of Canada in the early 1970s and returned to research in 1988 as Vice President of DHJ Research, where he invented digital audio technology for Newbridge Microsystems telephone circuits, Mattel Cabbage Patch Dolls, and Akai and Yamaha musical instruments. In 1992, Hoffert founded CulTech Research Centre at York University, where he developed advanced new media such as digital video telephones and networked distribution of CD-ROMs. From 1994 to 1999, he directed Intercom Ontario, a $100 million trial of the world's first completely connected broadband community that landed him on the cover of the Financial Post and in the Wall Street Journal. Hoffert has been an adjunct professor in the Faculty of Fine Arts at York University since 1984. As an author, Hoffert has written numerous articles in newspapers and magazines as well as several books including "The New Client", "All Together Now", and "The Bagel Effect", which detail recipes for living in the Information Age. Hoffert is Chair of the Bell Broadcast and New Media Fund, Chair of the Guild of Canadian Film and Television Composers and a Board Director of the Glenn Gould Foundation, the SOCAN Foundation, Ontario Foundation for the Arts, Virtual Museum of Canada, United Nations World Summit Award (Information Society), Ontario Cultural Attractions Fund, and Ontario Arts Council Foundation. He is former President of the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television, Chair of the Ontario Arts Council (1994-1997), and former Board Director of Canadian Independent Record Producers Association (CIRPA), Encyclopedia of Music in Canada, Smart Toronto, Performing Rights Society of Canada, and Music Promotion Foundation. He is the recipient of numerous awards for his work including the Pixel award as the New Media industry's "Visionary of the Year" in 2001, and the Order of Canada in 2005.

St. George Jackson Mivart PhD M.D. FRS (30 November 1827 - 1 April 1900) was an English biologist. He is famous for starting as an ardent believer in natural selection who later became one of its fiercest critics. Mivart attempted to reconcile Darwin's theory of evolution with the beliefs of the Catholic Church, and finished by being condemned by both parties. Mivart was born in London. His parents were Evangelicals, and his father was the wealthy owner of Mivart's Hotel (now Claridge's). His education started at the Clapham Grammar School, and continued at Harrow School and King's College London. Later he was instructed at St Mary's, Oscott (1844-1846); he was confirmed there on 11 May 1845. His conversion to Roman Catholicism automatically excluded him from the University of Oxford, then open only to members of the Anglican faith. In 1851 he was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, but he devoted himself to medical and biological studies. In 1862 he was appointed to the Chair in Zoology at St Mary's Hospital medical school. In 1869 he became a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London, and in 1874 he was appointed by Mgr Capel as Professor of Biology at the short-lived (Catholic) University College, Kensington a post he held until 1877.

He was Vice-President of the Zoological Society twice (1869 and 1882); Fellow of the Linnean Society from 1862, Secretary from 1874-80, and Vice-President in 1892. In 1867 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society for his work "On the Appendicular skeleton of the Primates". This work was communicated to the Society by T.H. Huxley. Mivart was a member of the Metaphysical Society from 1874. He received the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy from Pope Pius IX in 1876, and of Doctor of Medicine from the University of Louvain in 1884. Mivart met Huxley in 1859, and was initially a close follower and a believer in natural selection. "Even as a professor he continued to attending Huxley's lectures... they became close friends, dining together and arranging family visits." However, Huxley was always strongly anti-Catholic and no doubt this attitude led to Mivart becoming disenchanted with him. Once disenchanted, he lost little time in reversing on the subject of natural selection. In short, he now believed that a higher teleology was compatible with evolution.

"As to 'natural selection', I accepted it completely and in fact my doubts & difficulties were first excited by attending Prof. Huxley's lectures at the School of Mines."
Even before Mivart's publication of On the genesis of species in 1871, he had published his new ideas in various periodicals and Huxley, Lankester and Flower had come out against him. According to O'Leary, "their initial reaction to Genesis of Species was tolerant and impersonal". Darwin prepared a point-by-point refutation which appeared in the sixth edition of Origin of Species. But Mivart's hostile review of the Descent of Man in the Quarterly Review, aroused fury from his former intimates, including Darwin himself, who described it as "grossly unfair". Mivart had quoted Darwin by shortening sentences and omitting words, causing Darwin to say: "Though he means to be honourable, he is so bigoted that he cannot act fairly.". Relationships between the two men were near breaking point. In response, Darwin arranged for the reprinting of a pamphlet by Chauncey Wright, previously issued in the USA, which severely criticised Genesis of Species. Wright had, under Darwin's guidance, clarified what was, and was not, "Darwinism".

The quarrel reached a climax when Mivart lost his usual composure over what should have been a minor incident. In 1873, George Darwin (Charles' son) published a short article in The Contemporary Review suggesting that divorce should be made easier in cases of cruelty, abuse or mental disorder. Mivart reacted with horror, using phrases like "hideous sexual criminality" and "unrestrained licentiousness". Huxley wrote a counter-attack, and both Huxley and Darwin broke off connections with Mivart. Huxley blackballed Mivart's attempt to join the Athenaeum Club.

Mivart was someone Darwin took seriously. One of his criticisms, to which Darwin responded in later editions of the Origin of Species, was a perceived failure of natural selection to explain the incipient stages of useful structures. Taking the eye as an example, Darwin was able to show many stages of light sensitivity and eye development in the animal kingdom as proof of the utility of less than perfect sight (argument by intermediate stages). Another was the supposed inability of natural selection to explain cases of parallel evolution, to which Huxley responded that the effect of natural selection in places with the same environment would tend to be similar.

Though admitting evolution in general, Mivart denied its applicability to the human intellect (a view also taken by Wallace). His views as to the relationship between human nature and intellect and animal nature in general were given in Nature and thought (1882), and in the Origin of human reason (1889).

From 1885 to 1892 five articles in the Nineteenth century brought him into conflict with Church authorities: "Modern Catholics and scientific freedom" (July 1885), "The Catholic Church and biblical criticism" (July 1887), "Catholicity and Reason" (December 1887), "Sins of Belief and Disbelief" (October 1888) and "Happiness in Hell" (December 1892). These articles were placed on the Index Expurgatorius. Later articles in January 1900 led to his being placed under interdict by Cardinal Vaughan. Mivart died of diabetes in London on 1 April 1900. His late heterodox opinions were a bar to his burial in consecrated ground. However, Sir William Broadbent gave medical testimony that these could be explained by the gravity and nature of the diabetes from which he had suffered. After his death, a long final struggle took place between his friends and the church authorities. On 6 April 1900, his remains were deposited in Catacomb Z beneath the Dissenters' Chapel, in the unconsecrated ground of the Dissenters' Section of the General Cemetery of All Souls, Kensal Green, in a public vault reserved for 'temporary deposits' (most of which were destined for repatriation to mainland Europe or the Americas). His remains were finally transferred to St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green, on 16 January 1904, for burial there on 18 January 1904.

Susan Ioannou, teacher, editor and writer, was born in Toronto in 1944 and educated at the University of Toronto where she received a B.A. and an M.A. in English Literature in 1966 and 1967, respectively. She has worked as an English Specialist for Bloor Collegiate Institute and has served in various editorial positions for publications including "Coiffure du Canada", "Cross-Canada Writers' Quarterly/Magazine" and "The Arts Scarborough Newsletter. She has given numerous presentations to writers' groups, as well as workshops for the Toronto Board of Education, Ryerson University, and the University of Toronto School of Continuing Education. She founded Wordwrights Canada in 1985 and from 1988 to 2001 ran The Poetry Tutorial writer's correspondence course. She now works as Executive Editor of ClearTEXT Rewriting and Editing. She is the author of numerous collections of poetry including "Clarity Between Clouds" and "Where the Light Waits" as well as the literary study "A Magical Clockwork: The Art of Writing the Poem". Her poems have also been published in various anthologies, magazines and journals.

Most likely author of "Lillian Duff" and "I. Lillias Trotter". President of the Young Women's Christian Association.
Died a spinster in The Old House, Upper Sheringham, Norfolk in 1930.

Hugh Anson-Cartwright is an antiquarian book dealer and collector.

Archibald Alexander Alleyne was born in Toronto 7 January 1933. He taught himself how to play the drums and began his music career in 1953. Between 1955 and 1966 he worked as the house drummer at the club Town Tavern, in Toronto, where he accompanied some of the most successful jazz musicians of the 20th century. Following a 1967 car accident, Alleyne suspended his music career and became a restaurateur (The Underground Railroad Soul Food). He resumed his career in 1982, when he established a quartet with Frank Wright (vibraphone) Connie Maynard (piano) and Bill Best (bass). In 1988-1989, he toured with Oliver Jones, travelled to Cuba, Ireland, Spain, Egypt, the Ivory Coast and Nigeria, appearing in the NFB's Oliver Jones in Africa (1989).

In 2001, Alleyne created the Evolution of Jazz Ensemble (EOJ) which provided performance opportunities and mentorship to post-secondary African-Canadian musicians. He also established the Archie Alleyne Scholarship Fund in 2003 to provide bursaries to music students.

In 2000, Archie Alleyne and Doug Richardson created the hard-bop jazz band, Kollage. Kollage’s original lineup included Jeff King (saxophone), Chris Butcher (trombone), Alex Brown (trumpet), Stacie McGregor (piano), Artie Roth (bass) and Archie Alleyne (drums). Kollage disbanded in 2014. In 2015, the band was reestablished with Archie Alleyne Scholarship recipient and Evolution of Jazz Ensemble member, Isaiah Gibbons, as the percussionist.

Since 2011, Alleyne organized a series of live performances promoting Black entertainment history, known as the Syncopation Series. The program also included an accompanying photograph exhibit titled, Syncopation: Black Stories, which showcased the biographies of black artists in Canadian music history.

He was named to the Order of Canada in 2011 and received the Black Business and Professional Association's Harry Jerome Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2015.

Alleyne completed writing his memoir, Colour Me Jazz: The Archie Alleyne Story, in 2005. The final book, which was co-authored by Sheldon Taylor, was released in 2015.

Penelope Billings Reed Doob, medievalist, dance scholar, and medical researcher, was born on 16 August 1943 in Hanover, New Hampshire. She was the daughter of Thomas Lloyd Reed, professor of art history, and Betsey Mook Reed, a teacher of apparel design, at the Rhode Island School of Design.
During the 1960s she received training as an immunologist at the Dartmouth Medical School before becoming a medievalist and dance historian. She earned a Bachelor of Arts from Harvard University in 1965, a Master of Arts from Stanford University in 1967, and a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1970 with a specialty in English Literature from 1300 to 1500.

Doob joined York University’s English department in 1969. She was also appointed to the Graduate Faculty of Dance in 1989 and English in 1972. Doob served as Associate Principal (Academic) of Glendon College from 1982 to 1985, Associate Vice President (Faculties) of York University from 1986 to 1989, Academic Director of the Centre for the Support of Teaching from 1994 to 1997, and Dean of the Department of Dance from 2001 to 2006.

Her primarily fields of research and scholarly contributions focus on medieval studies (especially vernacular literature), Chaucer, Ricardian poetry, the history of ideas, and medieval dance. Doob authored ‘Nebauchadnezzar’s Children: Conventions of Madness in Middle English Literature’ in 1974 and ‘The Idea of the Labyrinth from Classical Antiquity through the Middle Ages’ in 1990. She was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1974 for her research on medieval English literature.

Her secondary field of research focuses on dance history and criticism. She wrote numerous commissioned pieces and reviews for ‘Dance in Canada,’ ‘Dance Magazine,’ ‘Ballet News,’ ‘Ballet International,’ ‘the Globe and Mail,’ and National Ballet of Canada publications including newsletters, historical notes for over 30 repertoires, official artist biographies, and lectures. Doob hosted ‘The Dance’, a CBC-FM radio production from 1976 to 1979. She conceived and prepared historical and critical programs which included interviews with international stars including Sir Kenneth MacMillan, John Neumeier, and Erik Bruhn, and young Canadian artists including choreographer James Kudelka. She also co-authored Karen Kain’s autobiography ‘Movement Never Lies.’ Her community contributions included serving as the founding Chair of the Corps de ballet International, a charter member of the Canadian Society for Dance Studies, as a long-time director of the Actors’ Fund of Canada (1993-2006), on the board of the World Dance Alliance (2001-2005) and co-chairing its Education and Training Network (2001-2009).

Doob had considered a medical career and was awarded the National Science Foundation Medical Research Fellow (1964 and 1965). Her research in medicine includes “The Relation of Thymic Chimerism to Actively Acquired tolerance” in ‘Annals of the New York Academy of Science’ (1964) and “Entry of Lymph Node Cells into the Normal Thymus” in ‘Transplantation’ (1966). In the 1980s, Doob returned to research medicine by taking on a leading role in the development of a palliative experimental HIV drug since her friend was one of the first people to receive the drug and it was at risk of being abandoned due to lack of funding to develop it. She conducted studies with DK MacFadden on the uses of Peptide T in HIV and other diseases with whom she co-founded Reed McFadden, a medical research company. During this time, she was affiliated with the Toronto Western Hospital as a part-time research associate from 1989 to 1994, when an Australian-Danish pharmaceutical company assumed responsibility for the subsequent development of the drug.

She retired in 2014 at the rank of Professor Emerita and died in March 2017.

Lynn Crosbie, writer and educator, was born in Montreal. She attended Dorval High School and Dawson College in Montreal before moving to Toronto, where she attended York University, obtaining a BA in English and Sociology in 1986 and an MA in English in 1987. Crosbie then attended the University of Toronto, earning a PhD in English in 1996. Her PhD thesis is entitled “Contextualizing Anne Sexton: confessional process and feminist practice in the Complete Poems”. Crosbie has been an instructor at the Ontario College of Art and Design/OCAD University, the University of Toronto, the Art Gallery of Ontario, the University of Guelph and York University, teaching courses in English literature, creative writing, and popular culture.

Crosbie began her literary career writing poetry. Her first book of poetry, Miss Pamela’s Mercy, was published in 1992, followed by VillainElle (1994), Pearl (1995), Queen Rat (1998), Missing Children (2003), Liar (2006), and The Corpses of the Future (2017). Her books of prose and fiction include Paul’s Case (1997), Dorothy L’Amour (1999), Life Is About Losing Everything (2012), Where Did You Sleep Last Night (2015), and Chicken (2018). She co-wrote Phoebe 2002: An Essay in Verse (2003) with Jeffery Conway and David Trinidad, and she is the editor of The Girl Wants To: Female Representations of Sex and the Body (1993) and Click: Becoming Feminists (1997).

Crosbie, also a prolific writer on popular culture, started freelance writing in the early 1990s. She has written features, reviews and columns for magazines, newspapers and literary journals including Maclean’s, the National Post, Fashion, Flare, This Magazine, Hazlitt, Quill and Quire, The Walrus, NOW, Saturday Night and Zoomer. Between 2002 and 2012, Crosbie’s column, “Pop Rocks”, appeared in the Globe and Mail’s Arts Section. She also wrote a column, “Critical Mass”, for the Toronto Star between 2000 and 2004 and a television column in Eye Weekly between 1999 and 2001.

Crosbie's story "The High Hard Ones", published in Saturday Night magazine, won the National Magazine Awards’ gold award for best fiction story in 2000, and her article "Lights Out", published in Fashion Magazine, won the silver award for best short feature in 2009. Her book, Where Did You Sleep Last Night, was shortlisted for the 2016 Trillium Book Award.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Sir George Henry Savage (1842-1921) was a prominent English psychiatrist. Savage was born in Brighton in 1842, the son of a chemist. Educated at Brighton College, he served an internship at Guy's Hospital from 1861. After 1865, he was resident at Guy's; he earned his MD in 1867. He remained a regular lecturer at the hospital for decades after.

During his time as a doctor for a mining company in Nenthead, he met his wife, Margaret Walton; however, she died after a year of marriage. The couple had one child. Shortly after his wife's death, Savage accepted an appointment as an assistant medical officer at Bethlem Royal Hospital. By 1878, he had become chief medical officer at the hospital; in the same year, he joined the MCRP.

Also in 1878, Savage cofounded the Journal of Mental Science with Thomas Clouston and Daniel Hack Tuke. He published regularly in this journal until the end of his career. At Bethlem and after, he was sparing in his use of chemical sedation, although his freedom with physical restraint drew criticism from Henry Maudsley, J. C. Bucknill, and others.

Over the course of the 1880s, private practice took up more of Savage's time; he finally retired in 1888 to devote himself entirely to private practice. In 1882, he married Adelaide Sutton, the daughter of another doctor.

He drew his private clientele from wealthy or well-connected London society. Virginia Woolf saw him intermittently for a decade, and he is among the figures lampooned in the Sir William Bradshaw of Mrs. Dalloway. At the same time, he worked as a consultant for a number of asylums, and was often called in on especially difficult cases.

His major public work was Insanity and Allied Neuroses, a reference book for students; published in 1884, it was revised and reissued in 1894 and 1907. In 1909 he delivered the Harveian Oration to the Royal College of Physicians on the subject of Experimental Psychology and Hypnotism. He was knighted in 1912.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Savage_(physician) .

Most likely Arnold Whittaker Oxford. Born 1854. Author of "English cookery books to the year 1850".

(from Wikipedia entry)

Edward Adolf Sonnenschein (1851 - 2 Sep 1929, Bath, Somerset) was an English Classical Scholar and writer on Latin grammar and verse. Sonnenschein was educated at University College School and then in 1868 at University College London in 1868.

He was appointed Oxford professor of Greek and Latin at Mason College, Birmingham (afterwards University of Birmingham) in 1883, staying there until 1918. He was a Plautine scholar, publishing editions of Captivi (1879), Mostellaria (1884), and Rudens (1891). He took up the reform of grammar teaching, and published the "Parallel Grammar" series. With John Percival Postgate, he founded the Classical Association in 1903.

Much of his grammatical research was summed up in The Unity of the Latin Subjunctive (1910) and The Soul of Grammar (1927). He insisted upon the humanities taking their proper place in the modern university; and took up the question of war-guilt during the European war; he was a very exact scholar. Sonnenschein was born in London in 1851, the eldest son of a teacher, Adolf Sonnenschein from Moravia (now part of the Czech Republic) and Sarah Robinson Stallybrass. He married Edith Annesley Bolton (1854-1943) and they had three children: Edward Jamie, who later took the surname Somerset; Christopher Edward, who was killed in a mountaineering accident in Switzerland on 22 February 1914 and Edward Oliver, who later took the surname Stallybrass. Because of the hostility to Germans during the First World War, two of his sons changed their surnames to English names. Adolf Sonnenschein's third son, William Swan Sonnenschein born in 1855 (Edwards younger brother) took his second name 'Swan' from the maternal grandfather’s friendship.

As a young man William was apprenticed to the firm of Williams and Norgate, where he gained experience of second hand bookselling before founding his own company, W. Swan Sonnenschein & Allen, with the first of several partners, J. Archibald Allen, in 1878. This partnership was dissolved in 1882 when William married and the firm's name changed to W Swan Sonnenschein & Co. The firm published general literature and periodicals but specialized in sociology and politics. Sonnenschein was involved with the Ethical Society and published their literature.

In 1895 Swan Sonnenschein became a limited liability company, and in 1902 William Swan Sonnenschein left to work at George Routledge and Sons, and later at Kegan Paul. Swan Sonnenschein was amalgamated with George Allen & Co in 1911. He changed his ‘German’ surname during the First World War to Stallybrass. He died in 1934.

Sonnenschein was an influential classical scholar during his time at Mason College between 1883 and 1918, where he wrote prolifically. He edited several plays by Plautus, and collaborated with John Percival Postgate, forming the Classical Association in 1903, becoming its Secretary. He contributed to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (designated by the initials "E. A. So.").

His views differed from Otto Jespersen (1860-1943) a Danish linguist, which he explained in his 1927 book, The Soul of Grammar, as his answer to Jespersen's 1924 Philosophy of Grammar. C. T. Onions, the last editor of the original Oxford English Dictionary, was one of his pupils.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adolf_Sonnenschein .

A scholar studying psychology and women

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George Johnstone Stoney (15 February 1826 - 5 July 1911) was an Anglo-Irish physicist. He is most famous for introducing the term electron as the "fundamental unit quantity of electricity". He had introduced the concept, though not the word, as early as 1874 and 1881, and the word came in 1891. He published around 75 scientific papers during his lifetime. Stoney was born at Oakley Park, near Birr, County Offaly, in the Irish Midlands, the son of George Stoney (1792-) and Anne Blood (1801-1883). The Stoney family is an old-established Anglo-Irish family. He attended Trinity College, Dublin, graduating with a B.A. in 1848. From 1848 to 1852 he worked as an astronomy assistant to William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse at Birr Castle, County Offaly, where Parsons had built the world's largest telescope, the 72-inch Leviathan of Parsonstown. Simultaneously Stoney continued to study physics and mathematics and was awarded an M.A. by Trinity College Dublin in 1852.

From 1852 to 1857 he was professor of physics at Queen's College Galway. From 1857 to 1882 he was employed as Secretary of the Queen's University of Ireland, an administrative job based in Dublin. In the early 1880s he moved to the post of superintendent of Civil Service Examinations in Ireland, a post he held until his retirement in 1893. In that year, he took up residence in London. Stoney died in 1911 at his home in Notting Hill, London. During his decades of non-scientific employment responsibilities in Dublin, Stoney continued to do scientific research on his own. He also served for decades as honorary secretary and then vice-president of the Royal Dublin Society, a scientific society modelled after the Royal Society of London, and after his move to London Stoney served on the council of that society too. Additionally he intermittently served on scientific review committees of the British Association for the Advancement of Science from the early 1860s on. Stoney published seventy-five scientific papers in a variety of journals, but chiefly in the journals of the Royal Dublin Society. He made significant contributions to cosmic physics and to the theory of gases. He estimated the number of molecules in a cubic millimetre of gas, at room temperature and pressure, from data obtained from the kinetic theory of gases. Stoney's most important scientific work was the conception and calculation of the magnitude of the "atom of electricity". In 1891, he proposed the term 'electron' to describe the fundamental unit of electrical charge, and his contributions to research in this area laid the foundations for the eventual discovery of the particle by J.J. Thomson in 1897.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1861 on the basis of being the author of papers on "The Propagation of Waves," - "On the Rings seen in Fibrous Specimens of Calc Spar," and Molecular Physics, published in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, et cetera, Distinguished for his acquaintance with the science of Astronomy & General Physics. Stoney married his cousin, Margaret Sophia Stoney, by whom he had had two sons and three daughters. For most of his decades in Dublin, Stoney resided in the Dundrum, Dublin neighbourhood. The street that he lived on was later renamed Stoney Road in his memory. After Stoney died in London, his cremated ashes were buried in St. Nahi's Church in Dundrum.

One of Stoney's sons, George Gerald Stoney, was a scientist. But a more scientifically notable relative was Stoney's nephew, the Dublin-based physicist George FitzGerald (1851-1901). Stoney and FitzGerald were in regular communication on scientific matters. In addition, on political matters, both Stoney and FitzGerald were active opponents of the Irish Home Rule Movement. In their political opinion, the spirit of Irish Home Rule and later Irish nationalism was contrary to the spirit of science. Stoney resigned from his job as Secretary of Queen's University of Ireland in 1882 in objection to a government decision to introduce "sectarianism" into the system; i.e., Stoney wanted to keep the system non-denominational, but the government acceded to Irish Catholic demands for Catholic institutions.

Craters on Mars and the Moon are named in his honour.

His brother Bindon Blood Stoney was Engineer of Dublin Port is renowned for building a number of the main Dublin bridges, and developing the Quayside, as well as other engineering projects.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Johnstone_Stoney .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Phillips Brooks (December 13, 1835 – January 23, 1893) was an American Episcopal clergyman and author, long the Rector of Boston's Trinity Church and briefly Bishop of Massachusetts, and particularly remembered as the lyricist of the Christmas hymn, "O Little Town of Bethlehem".

For more information see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_Brooks .

(from Wikipedia entry)
Sir James Crichton-Browne MD FRS (29 November 1840 – 31 January 1938) was a leading British psychiatrist and medical psychologist. He is known for studies on the relationship of mental illness to brain injury and for the development of public health policies in relation to mental health. Crichton-Browne was the second son of the phrenologist Dr. William A.F. Browne.

Crichton-Browne was an author and orator, editor of the highly influential West Riding Lunatic Asylum Medical Reports (six volumes, 1871 to 1876), one of Charles Darwin's correspondents and collaborators - on The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) - and - like Duchenne de Boulogne and Hugh Welch Diamond - a pioneer of neuropsychiatric photography. Crichton-Browne was based at the West Riding Asylum in Wakefield from 1866 to 1875, and there he set up a unique asylum laboratory, establishing instruction in psychiatry for students from the nearby Leeds School of Medicine. In 1895, he delivered his celebrated Cavendish Lecture "On Dreamy Mental States" which attracted the disapproval of the American psychologist William James and in 1907 he summarized the conclusions of his neuropsychiatric research in his Royal Institution Lecture Dexterity and the Bend Sinister.

For more information, consult Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Crichton-Browne .

Jean Gertrude "True" Davidson (1901-1978), author and politician, was born in Hudson, Quebec, attended Victoria College (Victoria University, Toronto) in 1917 where she earned her B.A., and received her M.A. from University of Toronto in 1925. Davdison was a school teacher, author of children's books, and an editor and sales agent for textbook publisher J.M. Dent and Sons. She was also a civic official prior to the start of her political career as a school trustee in East York, Ontario in 1947. She sat on the East York School Board for ten years and served as Alderwoman, Reeve (1960-1966), and mayor (1966-1971) on the East York Council for eleven years. Davidson was less successful in provincial politics, twice failing to win election as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) candidate in the 1950s, and as a Liberal candidate in 1971. Davidson was the author of several titles including, 'Canada in story and song,' (1927), 'Muses of the modern day and other days' (1931), and 'Golden strings,' (1973).

Barbara Godard (1941-2010), educator, critic, and translator was born in Toronto, Ontario on 24 December 1941. She received her B.A. in 1964 from the University of Toronto, Trinity College and her M.A. in 1967 from the Université de Montreal. She received her Maitrise from the Université de Paris in 1969 and her PhD from the Université de Bordeaux in 1971. She lectured at the Universities of Montreal and Paris before joining York University in 1971 as an Assistant Professor of English. She subsequently taught as a professor of English, French, Social and Political Thought and Women's Studies and was the Avie Bennett Historica Chair of Canadian Literature. The author and editor of numerous scholarly publications, articles and essays, Godard's publications include the books "Talking about ourselves: the cultural productions of native women in Canada" (1985) and "Audrey Thomas: her life and work" (1989). She also edited "Gynocritics/gynocritiques: feminist approaches to Canadian and Quebec women's writing" (1987), "Collaboration in the feminine: writing on women and 'Culture' from 'Tessera'" (1994) and "Intersexions: issues of race and gender in Canadian women's writing" (1996). A noted translator of numerous Quebec women writers including Nicole Brossard's "Intimate journal" (2004) and "Picture theory" (1991), Antoinine Maillet's "The tale of Don l'Orignal" (2004) and France Théoret's "The tangible world" (1991), Godard was shortlisted twice for the Felix-Antoine Savard Translation Prize. In 2001, she collaborated in organizing the conference 'Wider boundaries of daring: the modernist impulse in Canadian women's poetry' with Di Brandt, the proceedings of which were published as "Re:generations: Canadian women poets in conversation." The founding co-editor of the feminist journal "Tessera", Godard received numerous awards for her work including the Vinay-Darbelnet Prize of the Canadian Association of Translation Studies (2000) and the Teaching Award of the Faculty of Graduate Studies, York University (2002) and of the Northeast Association of Graduate Schools (2002). Godard belonged to a wide variety of organizations including P.E.N. Canada, the Association of Canadian and Quebec Literature and the Canadian Semiotics Association. She passed away 16 May 2010.

A contemporary dance choreographer, director, dancer and educator. She founded the Hilary Easton + Company in 1992. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_Easton)

Margaret (Dillon) Norquay (1920-2014), writer, teacher, broadcaster and pioneer in distance education, was born in Toronto to a well-educated family of modest means. She was educated at the University of Toronto where she earned her Bachelor of Arts (Sociology) in 1943, and her Master of Arts (Sociology) in 1950. During 1943-1944, Norquay served as Executive Secretary, Rural Adult Education Service, MacDonald College, Quebec which provided education services via radio for farm families. From 1944 to 1946, Norquay was a welfare officer with the Canadian Women's Army Corp (CWAC). In 1947-1949 she served as Recreation Director for the Dunnville Community Recreation Council and this work provided the basis for her M.A. thesis entitled "A Study of a Community Recreation Council as an Agent of Social Change", a sociological study of the economic and political changes which took place in the textile town of Dunville, Ontario. Norquay married a United Church minister in 1949 and began to raise her own family in Mayerthorpe, Alberta. Returning to Ontario, she was a researcher, writer and broadcaster between 1963 and 1967 for "Take 30", a CBC programme co-hosted by Adrienne Clarkson. Between 1967 and 1971, she worked as a professor of sociology for Ryerson Polytechnical Institute. She was the founding director of CJRT-FM's Open College program whose first course was offered over radio in January 1971. From 1972 to 1974, she was Director of Studies for Ryerson and Open College in addition to her teaching duties, and continued as director of Open College until 1987 at which time she became a consultant for the Ryerson International Development Centre. She was also program director for CJRT-FM from 1974 to 1985. Throughout her life, Norquay has remained interested and active in community involvement, chairing or volunteering on several committees and projects. From 1964 to 1972, she chaired the Community Committee on Immigrants of the Social Planning Council, and from 1963 to 1973 was the volunteer director of the Earl's Court Community project in Toronto. From 1987 onwards, she chaired the Committee for Intercultural/Interracial Education in Professional Schools (CIIEPS). She also played an active role in the Project for Development Supports Communications in Northern Thailand as well as many other community and interculturally based endeavours. In 2008, Norquay's work "Broad is the way : stories from Mayerthorpe" was published as part of the Wilfrid Laurier University Press life-writing series and provides interesting glimpses of the life of a young minister's unorthodox wife.

Norquay passed away 11 January 2014.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Annie Besant (1 October 1847 – 20 September 1933) was a prominent British socialist, theosophist, women's rights activist, writer and orator and supporter of Irish and Indian self-rule.

At age 20 she married Frank Besant, but separated from him over religious differences. She then became a prominent speaker for the National Secular Society (NSS) and writer and a close friend of Charles Bradlaugh. In 1877 they were prosecuted for publishing a book by birth control campaigner Charles Knowlton. The scandal made them famous, and Bradlaugh was elected M.P. for Northampton in 1880.

She became involved with union actions including the Bloody Sunday demonstration and the London matchgirls strike of 1888. She was a leading speaker for the Fabian Society and the Marxist Social Democratic Federation (SDF). She was elected to the London School Board for Tower Hamlets, topping the poll even though few women were qualified to vote at that time.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Besant .

Archival material held at several institutions in the UK. See listing here: http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F37089 .

(from Wikipedia entry)
Charles Kay Ogden (1 June 1889 - 21 March 1957) was an English linguist, philosopher, and writer. Described as a polymath but also an eccentric and outsider, he took part in many ventures related to literature, politics, the arts and philosophy, having a broad impact particularly as an editor, translator, and activist on behalf of a reformed version of the English language. He is typically defined as a linguistic psychologist, and is now mostly remembered as the inventor and propagator of Basic English. He was born at Rossall School in Fleetwood, Lancashire on 1 June 1889, where his father Charles Burdett Ogden was a housemaster. He was educated at Buxton and Rossall, winning a scholarship to Magdalene College, Cambridge and coming up to read Classics in 1908. He founded the weekly Cambridge Magazine in 1912 while still an undergraduate, editing it until it ceased publication in 1922. The initial period was troubled. Ogden was studying for Part II of the Classical Tripos when offered the chance to start the magazine by Charles Granville, who ran a small but significant London publishing house, Stephen Swift & Co. Thinking that the editorship would mean giving up first class honours, Ogden consulted Henry Jackson, who advised him not to miss the opportunity. Shortly after, Stephen Swift & Co. went bankrupt. Ogden continued to edit the magazine during World War I, when its nature changed, because rheumatic fever as a teenager had left him unfit for military service.

Ogden often used the pseudonym Adelyne More (add-a-line more) in his journalism. The magazine included literary contributions by Siegfried Sassoon, John Masefield, Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw, and Arnold Bennett. In 1919 Claude McKay was in London, and Ogden published his poetry in the Magazine. Ogden also co-founded the Heretics Society in Cambridge in 1909, which questioned traditional authorities in general and religious dogmas in particular, in the wake of the paper Prove All Things, read by William Chawner, Master of Emmanuel College, a past Vice-Chancellor. The Heretics began as a group of 12 undergraduates interested in Chawner's agnostic approach.

The Society was nonconformist and open to women, and Jane Harrison found an audience there, publishing her inaugural talk for the Society of 7 December 1909 as the essay Heresy and Humanity (1911), an argument against individualism. The talk of the following day was from J. M. E. McTaggart, and was also published, as Dare to Be Wise (1910). Another early member with anthropological interests was John Layard; Herbert Felix Jolowicz, Frank Plumpton Ramsey and Philip Sargant Florence were among the members. Alix Sargant Florence, sister of Philip, was active both as a Heretic and on the editorial board of the Cambridge Magazine.

Ogden was President of the Heretics from 1911, for more than a decade; he invited a variety of prominent speakers and linked the Society to his role as editor. In November 1911 G. K. Chesterton used a well-publicised talk to the Heretics to reply to George Bernard Shaw who had recently talked on The Future of Religion. He authored three books in this period. One was The Problem of the Continuation School (1914), with Robert Hall Best of the Best & Lloyd lighting company of Handsworth, and concerned industrial training; he made also a translation of a related work of Georg Kerchensteiner (who had introduced him to Best),[30][31] appearing as The Schools and the Nation (1914).[32] Militarism versus Feminism (1915, anonymous) was with Mary Sargant Florence (mother of Alix); and Uncontrolled Breeding: Fecundity versus Civilization (1916),[33] was a tract in favour of birth control, under the Adelyne More pseudonym.

Ogden ran a network of bookshops in Cambridge, selling also art by the Bloomsbury Group. One such bookshop was looted on the day World War I ended.[34] e built up a position as editor for Kegan Paul, publishers in London. In 1920, he was one of the founders of the psychological journal Psyche, and later took over the editorship; Psyche was initially the Psychic Research Quarterly set up by Walter Whately Smith,[35] but changed its name and editorial policy in 1921. It appeared until 1952, and was a vehicle for some of Ogden's interests.[36]

Also for Kegan Paul he founded and edited what became five separate series of books, comprising hundreds of titles. Two were major series of monographs, "The History of Civilisation" and "The International Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific Method"; the latter series included about 100 volumes after one decade. The "To-day and To-morrow" series was another extensive series running to about 150 volumes, of popular books in essay form with provocative titles; he edited it from its launch in 1924. The first of the series (after an intervention by Fredric Warburg)[37] was Daedalus; or, Science and the Future by J. B. S. Haldane, an extended version of a talk to the Heretics Society. Other series were "Science for You" and "Psyche Miniatures".[38]

Ogden helped with the English translation of Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. In fact the translation itself was the work of F. P. Ramsey; Ogden as a commissioning editor assigned the task of translation to Ramsey, supposedly on earlier experience of Ramsey's insight into another German text, of Ernst Mach. The Latinate title now given to the work in English, with its nod to Baruch Spinoza's Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, is attributed to G. E. Moore, and was adopted by Ogden. In 1973 Georg Henrik von Wright edited Wittgenstein's Letters to C.K. Ogden with Comments on the English Translation of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, including correspondence with Ramsey.[39]

His most durable work is his monograph (with I. A. Richards) titled The Meaning of Meaning (1923), which went into many editions. This book, which straddled the boundaries among linguistics, literary analysis, and philosophy, drew attention to the significs of Victoria Lady Welby (whose disciple Ogden was) and the semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce. A major step in the "linguistic turn" of 20th century British philosophy, The Meaning of Meaning set out principles for understanding the function of language and described the so-called semantic triangle. It included the inimitable phrase "The gostak distims the doshes."

Although neither a trained philosopher nor an academic, Ogden had a material effect on British academic philosophy. The Meaning of Meaning enunciated a theory of emotivism.[40] Ogden went on to edit as Bentham's Theory of Fictions (1932) a work of Jeremy Bentham, and had already translated in 1911 as The Philosophy of ‘As If’ a work of Hans Vaihinger, both of which are regarded as precursors of the modern theory of fictionalism.[41] The advocacy of Basic English became his primary activity from 1925 until his death. Basic English is an auxiliary international language of 850 words comprising a system that covers everything necessary for day-to-day purposes. To promote Basic English, Ogden in 1927 founded the Orthological Institute, from orthology, the abstract term he proposed for its work (see orthoepeia). Its headquarters were on King's Parade in Cambridge. From 1928 to 1930 Ogden set out his developing ideas on Basic English and Jeremy Bentham in Psyche.[42]

In 1929 the Institute published a recording by James Joyce of a passage from a draft of Finnegans Wake. In summer of that year Tales Told of Shem and Shaun had been published, an extract from the work as it then stood, and Ogden had been asked to supply an introduction. When Joyce was in London in August, Ogden approached him to do a reading for a recording.[43][44] In 1932 Ogden published a translation of the Finnegans Wake passage into Basic English.[45][46]

By 1943 the Institute had moved to Gordon Square in London.[47]

Ogden was also a consultant with the International Auxiliary Language Association, which presented Interlingua in 1951.[48] Ogden collected a large number of books. His incunabula, manuscripts, papers of the Brougham family, and Jeremy Bentham collection were purchased by University College London. The balance of his enormous personal library was purchased after his death by the University of California - Los Angeles. He died on 21 March 1957 in London.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Kay_Ogden .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Vernon Lee was the pseudonym of the British writer Violet Paget (14 October 1856 - 13 February 1935). She is remembered today primarily for her supernatural fiction and her work on aesthetics. An early follower of Walter Pater, she wrote over a dozen volumes of essays on art, music, and travel. Papers are at Colby College's Special Collections (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oPb9fiHvPs) and UK National Archives (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=P21967). Half-sister to Eugene Jacob Lee-Hamilton. An engaged feminist, she always dressed à la garçonne. During the First World War,Lee adopted strong pacifist views, and was a member of the anti-militarist organisation, the Union of Democratic Control. She was also a lesbian, and had long-term passionate friendships with three women, Mary Robinson, Kit Anstruther-Thomson, and British author Amy Levy.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon_Lee .

Varpu Lindstrom was born in Helsinki, Finland in 1948. Lindstrom is recognized both nationally and internationally as an expert in Canadian immigration history, particularly that of Finnish-Canadians. Her family immigrated to Canada in 1963, settling in Niagara Falls, Ontario. In 1968, Lindstrom became both a Canadian citizen and a student at York University where she pursued her university education, completing a general BA (History) in 1971, followed by an Hons. BA (History) in 1977, an MA (Social history) in 1979, and culminating with her PhD (Social history) in 1986. She pursued a distinguished career as a teacher and scholar at York University beginning with her appointment as an assistant professor in 1984, and was promoted to full Professor in 2001, and University Professor in 2006. She served in a variety of administrative and service capacities including Chair of the Department of History from 1991-1992; Master of Atkinson College from 1994-1997; Chair of the School of Women's Studies from 1999-2001; and as a member of York University's Board of Governors. She also served as docent at the University of Turku in Finland. Lindstrom's academic work was recognized with numerous awards including an Atkinson Fellowship (2002); Finlandia Prize, Non-fiction, Honorable mention (1991); and the first annual Atkinson Alumni Award for Teaching Excellence (1989). Her research manifested itself in several publications, and in the critically-acclaimed National Film Board production "Letters from Karelia" for which she served as historical consultant. Lindstrom was also a founder of the Canadian Friends of Finland. In 1992, she was awarded the Knight of the Order of the White Rose of Finland, First Class, in recognition of outstanding service to Finland and Finnish Canadians. In 2012, Lindstrom was the recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal. Lindstrom passed away 21 June 2012.

Libby Scheier (1946-2000) was a writer, social activist, critic and educator. Born in Brooklyn, New York, she received a BA in philosophy and French from Sarah Lawrence College in 1968 and an MA in English literature from the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1971. During her years as a university student, Scheier was politically active with socialist groups including the Spartacist League. She moved to Toronto in 1975 after living in France, California and Israel and became affiliated with the Trotskyist League of Canada. Scheier’s other social activism included involvement with the Canadian Abortion Rights Action League, the Cross-Cultural Communication Centre, the Writers’ Union of Canada, the feminist caucus of the League of Canadian poets, and Women and Words.

Scheier is the author of four books of poetry, “The Larger Life” (1983), “Second Nature” (1986), “Sky: A Poem in Four Pieces” (1990) and “Kaddish for my Father: New and Selected Poems” (1999), and a book of short fiction, “Saints and Runners” (1993). She contributed book reviews and articles to publications including the “Globe and Mail”, “The Toronto Star”, “This Magazine”, “Books in Canada” and “Quarry Magazine”. Her writing also appeared in anthologies “Women on War” (1988), “Poetry by Canadian Women” (1989) and “Language in her Eye” (1993).

In addition to her work as a writer, Scheier worked as an editor and copy editor for science and literary journals in the 1970s and 1980s, including “Paragraph” and “Poetry Toronto”. She taught creative writing, Canadian literature and women's studies courses at York University from 1988 to 1994 and was the founder/director of the Toronto Writing Workshop in 1994.

Libby Scheier died in Toronto on Nov. 14, 2000.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Richard William Church (25 April 1815 – 6 December 1890) was an English churchman and writer, known latterly as Dean Church. Richard William was the eldest of three sons of John Dearman Church, a
wine merchant, and his wife Bromley Caroline Metzener (d. 1845). His grandfather Matthew Church, a merchant of Cork, and his wife, were Quakers, and John had not been baptized into the Church of England
until the time of his marriage in 1814. His uncle, General Sir Richard Church (1784–1873), achieved fame as a liberator of Greece.
The family moved in 1818 to Florence. After his father's death in 1828 his mother settled in Bath, and he was sent to a strict evangelical school at Redland, Bristol. He was admitted in 1832 to Wadham College, Oxford, where he took first-class honours in 1836. His mother, meanwhile, was remarried to Thomas Crokat, a widowed Englishman of Leghorn.
In 1838, he was elected fellow of Oriel College. One of his contemporaries, Richard Mitchell, commenting on this election, said: "There is such a moral beauty about Church that they could not help taking him." He was appointed tutor of Oriel in 1839 and was ordained the same year. He was a close friend of John Henry Newman in this period and closely allied to the Tractarian movement. In 1841 Tract 90 of Tracts for the Times appeared and Church resigned his tutorship. From 1844 to 1845, Church was junior proctor and, in that capacity and in concert with his senior colleague, vetoed a proposal to censure Tracts publicly. In 1846, with others, he started The Guardian newspaper and he was an early contributor to The Saturday Review. In 1850 he became engaged to H.F. Bennett, of a Somersetshire family, a niece of George Moberly, Bishop of Salisbury. After again holding the tutorship of Oriel, he accepted in 1858 the small living of Whatley in Somerset near Frome and was married in the following year. He was a diligent parish priest and a serious student and contributed largely to current literatureIn 1888 his only son died; his own health declined, and he appeared for the last time in public at the funeral of Henry Parry Liddon on 9 September 1890, dying on 9 December in the same year, at Dover. He was buried at Whatley. The dean's chief published works are a Life of St Anselm (1870), the lives of Spenser (1879) and Bacon (1884) in Macmillan's "Men of Letters" series, an Essay on Dante (1878), The Oxford Movement (1891), together with many other volumes of essays and sermons. A collection of his journalistic articles was published in 1897 as Occasional Papers.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_William_Church .

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Sir Francis Bernard Dicksee PRA KCVO (London 27 November 1853 – 17 October 1928) was an English Victorian painter and illustrator, best known for his pictures of dramatic literary, historical, and legendary scenes. He also was a noted painter of portraits of fashionable women, which helped to bring him success in his own time.

For more information, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Dicksee .

Karen Connelly, poet, author and photographer, was born in Calgary, Alberta in 1969 and is the author of several books of nonfiction, fiction and poetry. Her novel "The Lizard Cage", was nominated for the 2006 Kiriyama Prize for fiction. She has read from and lectured on her work in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Connelly lived for many years in Burma and Thailand and has residences in Canada and Greece. Her best-selling book, "Touch the Dragon : a Thai journal", recounts her year spent in Thailand at the age of seventeen. It was awarded the Governor General's Award for Non-Fiction in 1993 and was a New York Times Notable Travel Book of the Year in 2002. Her other books include the poetry collections "Grace and Poison", "This Brighter Prison", The Disorder of Love", and "The Small Words in My Body", which won the Pat Lowther Award for poetry in 1991. She is also the author of the memoir "One Room in a Castle", which recounts her travels in Spain, Greece and France. Connelly currently lives in Toronto, Ontario, where she teaches creative writing at Humber College.

Aubrey Lackington Moore (1848-1890) was one of the first Christian Darwinians. He has been described as "the clergyman who more than any other man was responsible for breaking down the antagonisms towards Evolution then widely felt in the English Church". He was born in 1848, was second son of Daniel Moore, vicar of Holy Trinity, Paddington, and prebendary of St. Paul's. He was educated at St. Paul's School[disambiguation needed] from 1860 to 1867, which he left with an exhibition, matriculating as a commoner of Exeter College, Oxford, 1867, whence, after obtaining first class honours in classical moderations and literce humaniores, he graduated B.A. in 1871 (M.A. 1874). He was fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, 1872-1876; became a lecturer and tutor (1874); was assistant tutor at Magdalen College (1875); and was rector of Frenchay, near Bristol, from 1876 to 1881, when he was appointed a tutor of Keble College.

He became examining chaplain to Bishops Mackarness and Stubbs of Oxford, select preacher at Oxford 1885-6, Whitehall preacher 1887-8, and hon. canon of Christ Church 1887. A few weeks before his death, he accepted an official fellowship as dean of divinity at Magdalen College, Oxford, and when nominated simultaneously to examine in the final honour schools of theology and literce humaniores, accepted the latter post.

He died after a very brief illness on 17 January 1890, and was buried in Holywell Cemetery.

At Oxford, Moore had a unique position as at once a theologian and a philosopher of recognised attainments in natural science, dealing fearlessly with the metaphysical and scientific questions affecting theology. He lectured mainly on philosophy and on the history of the Reformation. Though rendered constitutionally weak by physical deformity, he had great powers of endurance and hard work, was a brilliant talker and preacher, and distinguished as a botanist. He married in 1876 Catharine, daughter of Frank Hurt, esq., by whom he left three daughters. A fund of nearly

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Christopher Wordsworth (30 October 1807 - 20 March 1885) was an English bishop and man of letters. Wordsworth was born in London, the youngest son of the Rev. Dr. Christopher Wordsworth, Master of Trinity and a nephew of the poet William Wordsworth. He was the younger brother of the classical scholar John Wordsworth and Charles Wordsworth, Bishop of Saint Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane. He was educated at Winchester and Trinity, Cambridge. Like his brother Charles, he was distinguished as an athlete as well as for scholarship. He won the Chancellor's Gold Medal for poetry in 1827 and 1828.

He became senior classic, and was elected a fellow and tutor of Trinity in 1830; shortly afterwards he took holy orders. He went for a tour in Greece in 1832-1833, and published various works on its topography and archaeology, the most famous of which is "Wordsworth's" Greece (1839). In 1836 he became Public Orator at Cambridge, and in the same year was appointed Headmaster of Harrow, a post he resigned in 1844. In 1844 Sir Robert Peel appointed him as a Canon of Westminster (1844-1869). He was Vicar of Stanford in the Vale, Berkshire (1850-1869) and Archdeacon of Westminster (1864-1869). In 1869 Benjamin Disraeli appointed him Bishop of Lincoln which he retained until his death in 1885.

He was a man of fine character, with a high ideal of ecclesiastical duty, and he spent his money generously on church objects. As a scholar he is best known for his edition of the Greek New Testament (1856-1860), and the Old Testament (1864-1870), with commentaries; but his writings were many in number, and included a volume of devotional verse, The Holy Year (1862), Church History up to A.D. 451 (1881-1883), and Memoirs of his uncle, William Wordsworth (1851), to whom he was literary executor. His Inscriptiones Pompeianae (1837) was an important contribution to epigraphy. He also wrote several hymns (Hymns Ancient and Modern New Standard contains seven) of which perhaps the best known is the Easter hymn 'Alleluia, Alleluia, hearts to heaven and voices raise'.

With William Cooke, a Canon of Chester, Wordsworth edited for the Henry Bradshaw Society the early 15th century Ordinale Sarum of Clement Maydeston, but the work did not appear in print until 1901, several years after the death of both editors. In 1838 Wordsworth married Susanna Hartley Frere (d. 1884) and they had seven children. The elder son, John (1843-1911), was Bishop of Salisbury, founder of Bishop Wordsworth's School, Salisbury, and author of Fragments of Early Latin (1874); the eldest daughter, Elizabeth (1840-1932), was the first principal (in 1879) of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford and the founder (in 1886) of St Hugh's College. His daughter Dora married Edward Tucker Leeke, Canon and sub-dean of Lincoln Cathedral. His younger son Christopher (1848-1938) was a noted liturgical scholar.

His Life, by J. H. Overton and Elizabeth Wordsworth, was published in 1888.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Wordsworth .

1843-1905. Wrote about Martineau and was editor of The Modern Review.

Robert Ranulph Marett (13 June 1866, Jersey - 18 February 1943, Oxford) was a British ethnologist. An exponent of the British evolutionary school, his work focused primarily on anthropology of religion. In this field he modified the theories of E. B. Tylor.

Marett was the only son of Sir Robert Pipon Marett, poet and Bailiff of Jersey, and Julia Anne Marett. He succeeded E.B. Tylor as Reader in Anthropology at Oxford in 1910, teaching the Diploma in Anthropology at the Pitt Rivers Museum. He worked on the palaeolithic site of La Cotte de St Brelade from 1910-1914, recovering some hominid teeth and other remains of habitation by Neanderthal man. In 1914 he established a Department of Social Anthropology, and in 1916 he published "The Site, Fauna, and Industry of La Cotte de St. Brelade, Jersey" (Archaeologia LXVII, 1916). He became Rector of Exeter College, Oxford. His students included Marius Barbeau, Dorothy Garrod, Earnest Albert Hooten, Henry Field and Rosalind Moss

Whereas E.B. Tylor had considered animism to be the earliest form of human religion, Marett was convinced that primitive man had not developed the intellectual ability to form the conceptual structures Tylor proposed, and this led Marett to criticize Tylor

Sukanya Rahman (b. 1946) is an Indian classical dancer, and the daughter of Indrani Rahman (1930-1999), a renowned dancer who toured internationally. Also the granddaughter of Raagini Devi, the American dancer who went to India and danced during the 1930s and was instrumental in the revival of the Indian classical dance arts. Sukanya wrote a memoir of her family "Dancing in the Family: an unconventional memoir of three women", published in 2004. Rahman is a performer and teacher of Odissi dance, a form of Indian classical dance originating from the eastern state of Orissa in India.

Rutger Johannes Pieter (Roger) Kuin (1941- ), a native of The Hague, joined the Department of English at York University in 1969 as a lecturer, being named associate professor in 1975. Kuin is a Renaissance scholar and has written extensively on Sir Philip Sidney and the sonnet form. He served as chair of the Inter-College Curriculum Committee (1975-1976) and as chair of the Tenure and Promotions Committee of his department (1976-1978).

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Nikola Tesla (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Тесла; 10 July 1856 - 7 January 1943) was a Serbian American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.

Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering before emigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City. He soon struck out on his own with financial backers, setting up laboratories and companies to develop a range of electrical devices. His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla for a short time as a consultant. Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs and made early (1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices. He tried to put these ideas to practical use in his ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission; his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project. In his lab he also conducted a range of experiments with mechanical oscillator/generators, electrical discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging. He even built a wireless controlled boat which may have been the first such device ever exhibited. Tesla's achievements and his abilities as a showman demonstrating his seemingly miraculous inventions made him world-famous. Although he made a considerable amount of money from his patents, he spent a lot financing his own projects. He lived for most of his life in a series of New York hotels although the end of his patent income and eventual bankruptcy led him to live in diminished circumstances. Tesla continued to invite the press to parties he held on his birthday to announce new inventions he was working on and make (sometimes unusual) public statements. Because of his pronouncements and the nature of his work over the years, Tesla gained a reputation in popular culture as the archetypal "mad scientist." He died on 7 January 1943.

Tesla's work fell into relative obscurity after his death, but since the 1990s, his reputation has experienced a resurgence in popular culture. His work and reputed inventions are also at the center of many conspiracy theories and have also been used to support various pseudosciences, UFO theories and New Age occultism. In 1960, in honor of Tesla, the General Conference on Weights and Measures for the International System of Units dedicated the term "tesla" to the SI unit measure for magnetic field strength. Nikola Tesla was born on 10 July (O.S. 28 June) 1856 to Serbian parents in the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire (modern-day Croatia). His father, Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest. Tesla's mother, Đuka Tesla (née Mandić), whose father was also a Serbian Orthodox priest, had a talent for making home craft tools, mechanical appliances, and the ability to memorize Serbian epic poems. Đuka had never received a formal education. Nikola credited his eidetic memory and creative abilities to his mother's genetics and influence. Tesla's progenitors were from western Serbia, near Montenegro.

Tesla was the fourth of five children. He had an older brother named Dane and three sisters, Milka, Angelina and Marica. Dane was killed in a horse-riding accident when Nikola was five. However, according to another account, Dane died after falling down the cellar stairs, but when he was unconscious and in delirium, he claimed that Nikola pushed him down. In January 1880, two of Tesla's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospić for Prague where he was to study. Unfortunately, he arrived too late to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University; he never studied Greek, a required subject; and he was illiterate in Czech, another required subject. Tesla did, however, attend lectures at the university, although, as an auditor, he did not receive grades for the courses.

In 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Puskas at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange. Upon arrival, Tesla realized that the company, then under construction, was not functional, so he worked as a draftsman in the Central Telegraph Office instead. Within a few months, the Budapest Telephone Exchange became functional and Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position. During his employment, Tesla made many improvements to the Central Station equipment and claimed to have perfected a telephone repeater or amplifier, which was never patented nor publicly described. In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France, designing and making improvements to electrical equipment.

In June 1884, Tesla relocated to New York City. During his trip across the Atlantic, his ticket, money, and some of his luggage were stolen, and he was nearly thrown overboard after a mutiny broke out on the ship. He arrived with only four cents in his pocket, a letter of recommendation, a few poems, and the remainder of his belongings.

Tesla was hired by Edison to work for his Edison Machine Works. Tesla's work for Edison began with simple electrical engineering and quickly progressed to solving some of the company's most difficult problems. Tesla was even offered the task of completely redesigning the Edison Company's direct current generators.

In 1885, Tesla claimed that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy. According to Tesla, Edison remarked, "There's fifty thousand dollars in it for you—if you can do it"—this has been noted as an odd statement from an Edison whose company was stingy with pay and who did not have that sort of cash on hand. After months of work, Tesla fulfilled the task and inquired about payment. Edison, claiming that he was only joking, replied, "Tesla, you don't understand our American humor." Instead, Edison offered a US$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary; Tesla refused the offer and immediately resigned. On 7 January 1943, Tesla, 86, died alone in Room 3327 of the New Yorker Hotel. His corpse was later found by maid Alice Monaghan after she had entered Tesla's room, ignoring the "do not disturb" sign that Tesla had placed on his door two days prior to his death. Assistant medical examiner, H.W. Wembly, was called to the scene; after examining the body, he ruled that the cause of death had been coronary thrombosis, and that there had been no suspicious circumstances.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla .

Alfred Williams Momerie (1848-1900). Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at King's College in London, and Fellow at St John's College, Cambridge. Born in London on 22 March 1848, was the only child of Isaac Vale Mummery (1812-1892), a well-known congregational minister, by his wife, a daughter of Thomas George Williams of Hackney. He was descended from a French family of Huguenot refugees, and early in life resumed the original form of its surname

Kennetha Rose O'Heany (nee Koch, then McArthur) is a ballet teacher who prepares dancers for the Royal Academy of Dance exams and auditions. Born in Kitchener, Ontario, on January 21, 1956, her family moved to Toronto where at age 15 she studied under Gladys Forrester who suggested a career in teaching.

In 1974, O’Heany moved to London, England to attend the College of the Royal Academy of Dancing. After graduating in 1978 with a L.R.A.D, A.l.S.T.D. (Nat.) and the inaugural Ivor Guest Dance History Award for her work on Jerome Robbins, O’Heany moved to Champaign-Urbana, Illinois to set up the RAD Majors Programme - the only RAD school in the area. She returned to Toronto in 1980 and taught at various dancing schools until 1985.

In 1980, O’Heany auditioned to teach a daily ballet class at York University but was denied because she had not attended university. She then registered for the Master of Fine Arts Programme (Dance) at York University with the permission of department chair Dianne Woodruff who allowed O’Heany to pursue her Masters without a tertiary degree due to her training in England. O’Heany was the first person in the Dance Programme ever granted this privilege as well as the first person allowed to pursue a M.F.A. in Dance on a part-time basis. O’Heany attained her M.F.A. in 1985 with the thesis topic "Ballet in England at the turn of the century leading to the foundation of the R.A.D., including a video reconstruction of the first RAD Elementary examination syllabus." Her writings on dance history are available in The International/Oxford Encyclopaedia of Dance, the New York Public Library, and various research libraries.

O’Heany opened her ballet school doncespoce in 1985 and later founded a ballet company, dancecorps (later after winning registration as a charitable organization, the Toronto Ballet Ensemble). In 1990, the Vaganova Choreographic Institute and Kirov Ballet in St. Petersburg, Russia invited O’Heany to study differences in teaching methodologies.

She closed doncespoce in 1997 to pursue future endeavours outside dance. She also stepped down as CEO of the Board of Directors of the Toronto Ballet Ensemble (which ceased to exist in 1997) and soon afterwards resigned from the Company altogether.

Up until December 1998, O’Heany was the inaugural head of the RAD Studies for the new George Brown College Diploma Programme in Dance, where Bengt's company is Artist-in-Residence. Since 1999, O’Heany has been a teacher of RAD at institutions such as Pegasus Dance Center, and also taught master classes at the Conservatory of Dance and Music, and the Squamish School of Fine Arts. O’Heany currently teaches at the Oakville Ballet.

Steve Paikin (1960-), journalist, producer and author, was born in Hamilton, Ontario and educated at the University of Toronto where he received his B.A., and Boston University where he received his M.Sc. in broadcast journalism. He has worked as a Queen's Park correspondent and anchor for CBLT, as host of a daily news program for CBC Newsworld, held reporting jobs for private radio and print media including the Hamilton Spectator and CHFI in Toronto, but is probably best known for his work with TVOntario. In September 2006, Paikin signed on with a new nightly current affairs program called "The Agenda with Steve Paikin." He began working at TVO in 1992 and was host of the political series "Between the Lines" from 1992 to 1994 and the Queen's Park magazine "Fourth Reading" from 1992 to 2006. In 1994, he became the co-host of the nightly current affairs programme "Studio 2." He began hosting "Diplomatic Immunity," a foreign affairs talk show on TVO in 1998. In addition to his work on television, Paikin has produced a number of feature length documentaries including "Return to the Warsaw Ghetto," "A Main Street Man," "Balkan Madness," "Teachers, Tories and Turmoil," and "Chairman of the Board: The Life and Death of John Robarts." Paikin is the author of "The Life: The Seductive Call of Politics" for which he interviewed numerous politicians at both the federal and provincial levels about their reasons for entering into politics, "The Dark Side: The Personal Price of Political Life," and "Public Triumph, Private Tragedy: The Double Lives of John P. Robarts." He has twice been nominated for a Gemini Award for his work as host of "Studio 2" and has won awards at a number of film festivals for his documentary on the Warsaw Ghetto.

Christopher Fraser Beattie (1941-1977) was a professor of sociology at the Atkinson College of York University. He obtained a B.A. with honours in sociology from Carleton University in 1963, an M.A. in Sociology from the University of Toronto in 1964, and a Ph.D in sociology from the University of California (Berkeley) in 1970. His doctoral thesis was "Minority in a Majority Setting: Middle-Level Francophones at Mid-Career in the Anglophone Public Service of Canada". His areas of specialization were the Canadian society, ethnic relations, sociological theory and research design.

Aubrey Edward Golden was born in Toronto on 9 August 1934. He attended University College at the University of Toronto, receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1955. He graduated from Osgoode Hall Law School, was certified as a specialist in civil litigation by the Law Society of Upper Canada in 1989, and in 1990 completed graduate studies for his Master of Laws degree from York University with specialization in constitutional law and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Golden was called to the Bar of Ontario in 1959, appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1980, and practiced as a general counsel until his retirement as a lawyer in 2004. He worked alone on civil and criminal cases during 1959 and 1960 before becoming involved with a succession of firms: Sher, Loftus, Golden and Goodman, 1960-1966; his own firm with associate counsel, 1966-1974; Golden, Levinson, 1975-1983; Golden, Green & Chercover, 1983-1997; Golden & Company, 1997-2001; and in association with Cavalluzzo Hayes Shilton McIntyre & Cornish, 2002-2004. His work focussed on constitutional, labour, environmental, and administrative law, with a strong interest in civil liberties and public interest cases. Golden was particularly active among labour unions (by 1983, Golden and Martin Levison ran the largest labour law firm in Canada), and he took a lead role in development of collective bargaining for professionals working in the areas of education, science, and engineering. He also represented farmer organizations and Native groups in their disputes with government agencies, commissions, and private parties, which led his call to the Bar in Prince Edward Island in 1971, Alberta in 1972, the Northwest Territories in 1981, and Nunavut in 1999. These cases brought Golden before trial and appellate courts, including the Supreme Court of Canada, to contest issues such as federal anti-inflation legislation, provincial funding for separate schools, and the constitutionality of trespass laws. Golden's cases also brought him before labour relations tribunals, parliamentary and legislative committees, and municipal councils and committees. He was particularly active in public affairs, serving as the National Chairman of the Canadian Bar Association's Survey Committee on Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping from 1965 to 1967 and its Civil Liberties Section from 1967 to 1969 (also serving on the CBA's Council during these years), as Chairman of its Administrative Law Section from 1984 to 1985, and as Chairman of the National Lawyers Committee of the Coalition Against the Return of the Death Penalty in 1987. Golden was a member of a committee of five citizens responsible for mediating a resolution to the seizure of the Kingston Penitentiary by inmates in 1971, and was appointed by the Minister of Labour to a conciliation board to resolve a strike of air traffic controllers in Canada in 1974. He was also active in politics, preparing policy documents and speaking at conferences of the National Liberal Federation from 1961 to 1969, when he ran for the national council of the New Democratic Party. He served as advisor and counsel for the caucus of Ontario's New Democratic Party until 1978. Golden's career reflected a literary inclination, beginning with his work as editor of the first issue of the "Gargoyle," the newspaper of University College, while an undergraduate. He co-authored "Rumours of war" with Ron Haggart in 1971 (a second edition was published in 1976), which examined the suspension of civil liberties in Canada when the government of Pierre Elliott Trudeau invoked the War Measures Act during crisis sparked by Front de Liberation du Quebec. Golden wrote a column on legal issues for "The Toronto star," contributed to magazines such as "Maclean's" and "Saturday night," was a commentator on CBC current affairs programming such as "Viewpoint," and was a frequent speaker on issues involving constitutional reform, collective bargaining, public affairs, censorship, and the freedom to read. In partnership with James Lorimer, Golden revived the public affairs magazine, "The Canadian forum : an independent journal of opinion and the arts," in 1987, serving as Chairman and Director for Canadian Forum Limited. He was a member of the Writers' Union of Canada from 1971 to 2001, and the Canadian section of International PEN from 1988, serving on its Censorwatch committee. Aubrey Golden worked as a part-time lecturer at York University from 1967 to 1969, lecturing on industrial relations in the Master of Business Administration program, and provided instruction in advocacy at the Advocates Society Institute from 1988 to 1995 (he joined the society in 1966). He currently operates Golden Mediation Services, a firm he established in 1997 to mediate private and public interest disputes involving employment law, defamation, human rights, constitutional and administrative law, aboriginal rights, and environmental and natural resource issues. Golden also served as a member and past chair of the Toronto Licensing Tribunal.

John William Mackail O.M. (26 August 1859 - 13 December 1945) was a Scottish man of letters and socialist, now best remembered as a Virgil scholar. He was also a poet, literary historian and biographer.

He was born in Ascog on Bute, the second child and only son of the Rev. John Mackail (Free Church) and Louisa Irving, youngest daughter of Aglionby Ross Carson, rector of Edinburgh High School. Educated first at Ayr Academy, he entered Edinburgh University in 1874 and proceeded to Balliol College, Oxford, as Warner Exhibitioner in 1877. At Oxford he took first classes in classical moderations (1879) and literae humaniores ('Greats') in 1881. He also obtained the Hertford (1880), Ireland (1880), Newdigate (1881), Craven (1882) and Derby (1884). He was elected to a Balliol fellowship in 1882. All looked fair for an academic career. Instead, he took up a post in the Education Department of the Privy Council (later the Board of Education) in 1884. He rose to Assistant Secretary in 1903 and played a major part in setting up the system of secondary education established by the 1902 Education Act. He also helped to organise a system of voluntary inspection for the public schools. He retired from office in 1919.

He was Oxford Professor of Poetry (1906-11), and President of the British Academy (1932-36). A friend of William Morris, he wrote the 1899 official biography. He also published works on Virgil, the Latin poets, the Icelandic sagas, Shakespeare and the sayings of Jesus. He married Margaret Burne-Jones (1866-1953), the only daughter of artist and designer Edward Burne-Jones. They lived in Kensington and later Holland Park. He became a member of the Order of Merit in 1935. He died in London and was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium on 17 December 1945.

The couple's elder daughter, Angela Margaret, and their son, Denis George, are better known as the novelists Angela Thirkell and Denis Mackail.

(from Wikipedia entry)

James Joseph Sylvester FRS (3 September 1814 - 15 March 1897) was an English mathematician. He made fundamental contributions to matrix theory, invariant theory, number theory, partition theory and combinatorics. He played a leadership role in American mathematics in the later half of the 19th century as a professor at the Johns Hopkins University and as founder of the American Journal of Mathematics. At his death, he was professor at Oxford. Sylvester was born James Joseph in London, England. His father, Abraham Joseph, was a merchant. James adopted the surname Sylvester when his older brother did so upon emigration to the United States—a country which at that time required all immigrants to have a given name, a middle name, and a surname. At the age of 14, Sylvester was a student of Augustus De Morgan at the University of London. His family withdrew him from the University after he was accused of stabbing a fellow student with a knife. Subsequently he attended the Liverpool Royal Institution.

Sylvester began his study of mathematics at St John's College, Cambridge in 1831, where his tutor was John Hymers. Although his studies were interrupted for almost two years due to a prolonged illness, he nevertheless ranked second in Cambridge's famous mathematical examination, the tripos, for which he sat in 1837. However, Sylvester was not issued a degree, because graduates at that time were required to state their acceptance of the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England, and Sylvester, being an adherent of Judaism, refused to do so. For the same reason, he was unable to compete for a Fellowship or obtain a Smith's prize. In 1838 Sylvester became professor of natural philosophy at University College London. In 1841, he was awarded a BA and an MA by Trinity College, Dublin. In the same year he moved to the United States to become a professor at the University of Virginia for about six months, and returned to England in November 1843.

On his return to England he studied law, alongside fellow British lawyer/mathematician Arthur Cayley, with whom he made significant contributions to matrix theory while working as an actuary. One of his private pupils was Florence Nightingale. He did not obtain a position teaching university mathematics until 1855, when he was appointed professor of mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, from which he retired in 1869, because the compulsory retirement age was 55. The Woolwich academy initially refused to pay Sylvester his full pension, and only relented after a prolonged public controversy, during which Sylvester took his case to the letters page of The Times.

One of Sylvester's lifelong passions was for poetry; he read and translated works from the original French, German, Italian, Latin and Greek, and many of his mathematical papers contain illustrative quotes from classical poetry. Following his early retirement, Sylvester (1870) published a book entitled The Laws of Verse in which he attempted to codify a set of laws for prosody in poetry.

In 1877 Sylvester again crossed the Atlantic Ocean to become the inaugural professor of mathematics at the new Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. His salary was $5,000 (quite generous for the time), which he demanded be paid in gold. In 1878 he founded the American Journal of Mathematics. The only other mathematical journal in the U.S. at that time was the Analyst, which eventually became the Annals of Mathematics.

In 1883, he returned to England to take up the Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford University. He held this chair until his death, although in 1892 the University appointed a deputy professor to the same chair.

Sylvester invented a great number of mathematical terms such as "graph" (combinatorics) and discriminant. He coined the term "totient" for Euler's totient function φ(n). His collected scientific work fills four volumes. In 1880, the Royal Society of London awarded Sylvester the Copley Medal, its highest award for scientific achievement; in 1901, it instituted the Sylvester Medal in his memory, to encourage mathematical research after his death in Oxford. In Discrete geometry he is remembered for Sylvester's Problem and a result on the orchard problem.

Sylvester House, a portion of an undergraduate dormitory at Johns Hopkins University, is named in his honor. Several professorships there are named in his honor also.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester .

(from Wikipedia entry)

James Sully (3 March 1842 - 1 November 1923) was an English psychologist.

He was born at Bridgwater, the son of J.W. Sully, a merchant and colliery owner. He was educated at the Independent College, Taunton, the Regent's Park College, University of Göttingen, where he studied under Lotze, and at Humboldt University, Berlin where he studied under DuBois-Reymond and Helmholtz. Originally destined for the Nonconformist ministry and in 1869 he became classical tutor at the Baptist College, Pontypool. In 1871 he adopted a literary and philosophic career. He was Grote professor of the philosophy of mind and logic at University College, London, from 1892 to 1903, when he was succeeded by Carveth Read. An adherent of the associationist school of psychology, his views had great affinity with those of Alexander Bain. He wrote monographs on subjects such as pessimism, and psychology textbooks, some of the first in English, including The Human Mind (1892). His 1881 Ilusions was commended by Freud and Wundt.

Sully opened an experimental psychology laboratory at University College London in January 1889. In 1901 he was one of the founder members of the British Psychological Society and in fact called the meeting at which the Society was formed.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Sully .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Herbert Wildon Carr (16 January 1857 – 8 July 1931) was a British philosopher, Professor of Philosophy, King's College, London from 1918 until 1925 and Visiting Professor at the University of Southern California from 1925 until his death. Part of The Aristotelian Society.

For more information, see WIkipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._Wildon_Carr .

An American dancer and choreographer. She was also a co-founder of the Actors Studio. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Sokolow)

(from Wikipedia entry)

Sir Michael Ernest Sadler KCSI (3 July 1861 - 14 October 1943) was a British historian, educationalist and university administrator. He worked at the universities of Manchester and Leeds. He was a champion of the public school system. Michael Ernest Sadler, born into a radical home in 1861 at Barnsley in the industrial north of England, died in Oxford in 1943. He is the father of Michael Sadleir.

His early youth was coloured by the fact that one of his forebears, Michael Thomas Sadler, was among the pioneers of the Factory Acts. His early memories were full of associations with the leaders of the working-class movement in the north of England. Remembering these pioneers, Sadler recorded: ‘I can see how much religion deepened their insight and steadied their judgement, and saved them from coarse materialism in their judgement of economic values. This common heritage was a bond of social union. A social tradition is the matrix of education’.

Sadler’s schooling was typical of his times. It gave him a diverse background, which was to be reflected throughout his life in his interpretation of the process and content of education. When he was 10 years old, he was sent to a private boarding school at Winchester where the atmosphere was markedly conservative. Sadler recalls:

Think of the effect on my mind of being swug from the Radical West Riding…where I never heard the Conservative point of view properly put, to where I was thrown into an entirely new atmosphere in which the old Conservative and Anglican traditions were still strong.

From this preparatory school he moved to Rugby in the English Midlands, where he spent his adolescence in an atmosphere entirely different from that of the Winchester school. His masters were enthusiastic upholders of Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan Revolution. The young Sadler soon found himself in critical revolt against the Cavalier and Anglican traditions.

He went to Trinity College, Oxford in 1880. There he soon came under the spell of leading historians such as T.H. Green and Arnold Toynbee. But it was John Ruskin who completely overwhelmed the undergraduate. Sadler has left on record how, in his second year at Trinity, a short course of lectures was announced, to be given in the Oxford University Museum by Ruskin. Tickets were difficult to get because of the popularity of the speaker. After a warm description of Ruskin’s picturesque appearance, Sadler articulates a favourite conviction when he writes:

Nominally these lectures of Ruskin’s were upon Art. Really they dealt with the economic and spiritual problems of English national life. He believed, and he made us believe, that every lasting influence in an educational system requires an economic structure of society in harmony with its ethical ideal.

That belief persisted to the end of Sadler’s life and is recurrent in his many analyses of foreign systems of education. When, in July 1882, the examinations lists were issued, Sadler had gained a first-class degree in Literae Humaniores. A month earlier he had become President Elect of the Oxford Union, a field of public debating experience that has produced many an English politician. In 1885, he was elected Secretary of Oxford's Extensions Lectures Sub-Committee, providing outreach lectures. He was a "student" (the equivalent of a fellow) at Christ Church, Oxford from 1890-95. In 1895, he was appointed to a government post as Director of the Office of Special Inquiries and Reports, resigning from the Board of Education in 1903. A special professorship in 'History and Administration of Education' was created for him at the University of Manchester.

He became Vice-Chancellor of the University of Leeds in 1911, where he now has a building named in his honour, and returned to Oxford in 1923 as Master of University College, Oxford where he continued to influence national educational policy, and promote the work of various modernist artists. Whilst in Leeds Sadler became President of the avant-garde modernist cultural group the Leeds Arts Club. Originally founded in 1903 by Alfred Orage, the Leeds Arts Club was an important meeting ground for radical artists, thinkers, educationalists and writers in Britain, and had strong leanings to the cultural, political and theoretical ideas coming out of Germany at this time.

Using his personal links with Wassily Kandinsky in Munich, Sadler built up a remarkable collection of expressionist and abstract expressionist art at a time when such art was either unknown or dismissed in London, even by well-known promoters of modernism such as Roger Fry. Most notable in his collection was Kandinsky's abstract painting Fragment for Composition VII, of 1912, a painting that was in Leeds and on display at the Leeds Arts Club in 1913. Sadler also owned Paul Gauguin's celebrated painting "The Vision After the Sermon", and according to Patrick Heron, Sadler even had Kandinsky visit Leeds before the First World War, although this claim is uncorroborated by other sources

With Frank Rutter, Sadler also co-founded the Leeds Art Collections Fund to help Leeds City Art Gallery. In particular the aim of the Fund was to bypass the financial restraints placed on the Gallery by the municipal authorities in Leeds, who had, in the opinion of Sadler, a dislike of modern art. In 1917 to 1919, Sadler led the 'Sadler Commission' which looked at the state of Indian Education.

Towards the end of the First World War, the Secretary of State for India, Austen Chamberlain, invited Sadler to accept the chairmanship of a commission the government proposed to appoint to inquire into the affairs of the University of Calcutta. Chamberlain wrote: ’Lord Chelmsford [the Viceroy] informs me that they hope for the solution of the big political problems of India through the solution of the educational problems’. After some hesitation, Sadler accepted the invitation. Under his direction the Commission far exceeded its initial terms of reference. The result was thirteen volumes issued in 1919, providing a comprehensive sociological account of the context in which Mahatma Gandhi was campaigning for the end of the British Raj and the independence of India. From the lines of inquiry pursued, it is possible to deduce a conception of expanding higher education that goes far beyond the traditional university image in its search to relate higher education to the 20th century, with its increasing availability of educational opportunities to women.

Prior to the publication of the Calcutta University Report, Sadler delivered a private address to the Senate of the University of Bombay. He put forward his personal conclusions as he surveyed The Educational Movement in India and Britain. It was a far-sighted address, characteristic of Sadler’s belief in the inter-relationship of all the various levels of education and the importance of teacher training. He warned his listeners about producing an academic proletariat with job expectations that could not be fulfilled. And finally he told the members of the Senate:

And in India you stand on the verge of the most hazardous and inevitable of adventures—the planning of primary education for the unlettered millions of a hundred various races. I doubt whether the European model will fit Indian conditions. If you want social dynamite, modern elementary education of the customary kind will give it to you. It is the agency that will put the masses in motion. But to what end or issue no one can foretell.

In 1919, Sadler was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI).

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sadler_(educationist) .

Frank Zingrone, writer and professor, was born in Toronto on 16 August 1933. He was a student at St. Michael's College School in Toronto and attended the University of Western Ontario in London, where he received a BA in Philosophy in 1958. He then obtained a MA in English literature from the University of Toronto in 1961 and a PhD from the State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo in 1966. Zingrone was an instructor in the Department of English at SUNY between 1963 and 1966 before joining the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge as an assistant professor of communication, a position he held from 1966 to 1970. In 1971, Zingrone became an assistant professor of humanities at York University, where he remained for the rest of his academic career, co-founding the university's Communications department. He was appointed a senior scholar emeritus in 1994. In addition, Zingrone was associate editor of the "Canadian journal of communication" between 1980 and 1985.

Zingrone's work as a critic, lecturer and academic writer in the area of communications and media produced numerous conference papers, newspaper and journal articles, as well as books including "Who was Marshall McLuhan?" (co-editor, 1995), "Essential McLuhan" (co-editor, 1996), and "The media symplex: at the edge of meaning the age of chaos" (2001). He was a contributor to "On McLuhan: forward through the rearview mirror" (1996) and "Understanding McLuhan" (CD-ROM, 1996). Zingrone was also a poet, with poems published in "The fiddlehead" and "Audit" in the early 1960s. He published two books of poetry, "Traces" (1980) and "Strange attraction" (2000). Frank Zingrone died in Toronto on 13 December 2009.

Alissa York was born in Athabasca, Alberta and grew up in Victoria, British Columbia. She studied English Literature at McGill University and the University of Victoria, graduating with a bachelor’s degree in 1993. She received her Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing from the University of Guelph in 2016. Her thesis, “How Do I look?: In Search of the Female Gaze,” was a work of creative nonfiction blending memoir and interviews.

In 1999, York published a collection of short stories titled, Any Given Power (1999). She is the author of four novels, Mercy (2003), Effigy (2007), Fauna (2010), The Naturalist (2016), and Far Cry (2023).

Her novel, Effigy, was short-listed for the Scotiabank Giller Prize and her short stories have won the Journey Prize and Bronwen Wallace Award.

York’s writing process involves a year of research where she gathers notes, writes character sketches, and arranges her notes. She then writes her novels' scenes in long-form from the perspective of every character. She cuts up the script into pieces and arranges it on her kitchen floor in various orders, then tapes the pieces to create scrolls or "assemblies." She repeats the process until she finds an arrangement which will constitute the order of the final book. The end result is a narrative form in her novels in which the point of view shifts constantly.

York lives in Toronto with her husband, the artist Clive Holden.

Alissa York was born in Athabasca, Alberta and grew up in Victoria, British Columbia. She studied English Literature at McGill University and the University of Victoria, graduating with a bachelor’s degree in 1993. She received her Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing from the University of Guelph in 2016. Her thesis, “How Do I look?: In Search of the Female Gaze,” was a work of creative nonfiction blending memoir and interviews.

In 1999, York published a collection of short stories titled, Any Given Power (1999). She is the author of four novels, Mercy (2003), Effigy (2007), Fauna (2010), and The Naturalist (2016).

Her novel, Effigy, was short-listed for the Scotiabank Giller Prize and her short stories have won the Journey Prize and Bronwen Wallace Award.

York’s writing process involves a year of research where she gathers notes, writes character sketches, and arranges her notes. She then writes her novels' scenes in long-form from the perspective of every character. She cuts up the script into pieces and arranges it on her kitchen floor in various orders, then tapes the pieces to create scrolls or "assemblies." She repeats the process until she finds an arrangement which will constitute the order of the final book. The end result is a narrative form in her novels in which the point of view shifts constantly.

York lives in Toronto with her husband, the artist Clive Holden.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Frederic William Farrar (Mumbai, 7 August 1831 – Canterbury, 22 March 1903) was a cleric of the Church of England (Anglican), schoolteacher and author. Farrar was born in Bombay, India, and educated at King William's College on the Isle of Man, King's College London and Trinity College, Cambridge. At Cambridge he won the Chancellor's Gold Medal for poetry in 1852. He was for some years a master at Harrow School and, from 1871 to 1876, the headmaster of Marlborough College.

Farrar became successively a canon of Westminster and rector of St Margaret's, Westminster (the church near Big Ben), archdeacon of Westminster Abbey and the Dean of Canterbury. He was an eloquent preacher and a voluminous author, his writings including stories of school life, such as Eric, or, Little by Little and St. Winifred's about life in a boys' boarding school in late Victorian England, and two historical romances.

Farrar's religious writings included Life of Christ (1874), which had great popularity, and Life of St. Paul (1879). His works were translated into many languages, especially Life of Christ.

Farrar was a believer in universal reconciliation and thought that all people would eventually be saved, a view he promoted in a series of 1877 sermons. He originated the term "abominable fancy" for the longstanding Christian idea that the eternal punishment of the damned would entertain the saved. Farrar published Eternal Hope in 1878 and Mercy and Judgment in 1881, both of which defend Christian universalism at length.

Farrar's daughter, Maud, was the mother of World War II British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery.

For more information, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_Farrar .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Odo William Leopold Russell, 1st Baron Ampthill GCB, GCMG, PC (20 February 1829 – 25 August 1884), styled Lord Odo Russell between 1872 and 1881, was a British diplomat and the first British Ambassador to the German Empire. Russell was born in Florence, Tuscany, into the Russell family, one of England's leading Whig aristocratic families. His father was Major-General Lord George Russell, second son of the 6th Duke of Bedford. His mother was Elizabeth Anne Rawdon, daughter of the Honourable John Theophilus Rawdon and niece of the 1st Marquess of Hastings. His uncle was the 1st Earl Russell, twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. His education, like that of his two brothers, Francis, who became eventually 9th Duke of Bedford, and Lord Arthur, was carried on entirely at home, under the general direction of his mother. In March 1849 Russell was appointed by Lord Malmesbury as attaché at Vienna. From 1850 to 1852 he was temporarily employed in the foreign office, whence he passed to Paris. He remained there, however, only about two months, when he was transferred to Vienna. In 1853 he became second paid attaché at Paris, and in August 1854 he was transferred as first paid attaché to Constantinople, where he served under Lord Stratford de Redcliffe. He had charge of the embassy during his chief's two visits to the Crimea in 1855, but left the East to work under Lord Napier at Washington in 1857. In the following year he became secretary of legation at Florence, but was detached from that place to reside in Rome, where he remained for twelve years, until August 1870. During all that period he was the real though unofficial representative of Britain at the Vatican. Lord Ampthill married Lady Emily Villiers, daughter of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, on 5 May 1868. They had six children.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at:

Charles Nisbet (b. 1736), a Scottish-born American, was educated at the University of Edinburgh and the College of New Jersey (Princeton). He became principal of Dickenson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

Jeniva Berger, theatre critic, received a M.A. in Drama from the University of Toronto and has been reviewing theater in the Toronto area for a variety of publications. She was the Founding President of the Canadian Theatre Critics Association and is still involved with the Association as Chair of the annual Nathan Cohen Award for Excellence in Theatre Criticism. Her work on multicultural theatre in Canada has been published in the “Canadian Encyclopedia”, the “Oxford Companion to Canadian Drama” and “Contemporary Canadian Theatre” (1985).

Richard Adrian Jarrell (1946-2013), a professor and historian of science, was born in the United States on 29 August 1946. He received his BA from Indiana University in 1967, where he majored in history and minored in astronomy and the history and philosophy of science. He then moved to Toronto to attend the University of Toronto’s Institute for History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, graduating with an MA in 1969 and a PhD in 1972. Jarrell’s graduate studies focused on 16th century astronomy, the history of technology, and medieval philosophy and science. One of the Institute’s first PhD graduates, his dissertation was entitled “The life and scientific work of the Tübingen astronomer Michael Mästlin, 1550-1631”.

Jarrell’s association with York University began in 1970 with his work as a tutor and marker in the Department of Science Studies at Atkinson College. He would stay at Atkinson College until 1997, where he moved from course director to full professor in what would become the Department of Natural Science. In 1997, Jarrell became a professor in the Faculty of Science and Engineering’s Division of Natural Science. His university service was extensive and included his positions as chair of Atkinson College’s Department of Natural Science (1986-87, 1990-1994) and coordinator of the Program in Science and Technology Studies in the Faculty of Science and Engineering (2006-2008, 2011-2013).

Widely considered an expert in the history of Canadian science, Jarrell was the author of “The Cold Light of Dawn: a History of Canadian Astronomy” (1988) and “Educating the Neglected Majority: the Struggle for Agricultural and Technical Education in 19th Century Ontario and Quebec” (2016). He co-edited a number of books including “A Curious Field-Book: Science and Society in Canadian History” (1974), “Science, Technology and Canadian History” (1980), “Critical Issues in the History of Canadian Science, Technology and Medicine” (1983), “Science, Technology and Medicine in Canada’s Past: Selections from Scientia” (1991), “Building Canadian Science: the Role of the National Research Council of Canada” (1992), “Dominions Apart: Reflections on the Culture of Science and Technology in Canada and Australia 1850-1945” (1995), and “Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers” (2007). He was also a prolific contributor of biographical and other entries for science- and astronomy-related encyclopedias and dictionaries and was the author of six textbooks.

In addition to his teaching and writing, Jarrell was the founding editor of the “HSTC Bulletin” (later “Scientia Canadensis”) (1976-1988), a member of the “Social Studies of Science” editorial board (1986-2002), and a member of the “Atkinson Review of Canadian Studies” editorial board (1982-1987). He was a co-founder of the Canadian Science and Technology Historical Association and a member of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science, the History of Science Society, the Royal Astronomical Society, the American Astronomical Society, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the International Astronomical Union. Jarrell’s interest in horticulture and environmental preservation led to his involvement with committees and organizations in the Markham and Thornhill areas, including the Markham Conservation Committee, Markham Environmental Alliance, and the Thornhill Garden and Horticulture Society.

Jarrell became the first non-astronomer elected to be a member of the Canadian Astronomical Society in 1975. He was appointed a life member of the Royal Canadian Institute in 1990, received Ontario Volunteer Service Awards in 2002 and 2004, and became a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine in 2013.

Richard Jarrell died on 28 December 2013.

Robert (Earl) Witmer (b. in Kitchener) is a bassist and ethnomusicologist with research interests in North American and Caribbean music with a focus on Indigenous, Jamaican, and jazz music. Witmer also developed instructional material for the pedal steel guitar.

Witmer received a Bachelors and Masters of Music from the University of British Columbia in 1965 and the University of Illinois in 1970. He studied bass with J.P. Hamilton, the principal bass of Vancouver Symphony Orchestra, and played with the orchestra and various jazz groups between 1962 and 1965. In 1970 he taught at the University of West Indies in Kingston, Jamaica during a year of doctoral field research on Jamaican popular music.

In 1971, Witmer joined York University, Faculty of Fine Arts where became the founding director (1972-1976) and co-director (1976-1988) with John Gittins of Canada's first program in jazz studies at the university level. In 1974, he was instrumental in the development of York University's ethnomusicology laboratory and archives. In 1985, Witmer directed the university's graduate program in music. In 1995, Witmer received the inaugural Faculty of Graduate Studies’ Teaching Award.

Witmer is the author of ‘The Musical Life of the Blood Indians’ (1982), editor of ‘Ethnomusicology in Canada’ (1990) and co-editor of ‘Canadian Music: Issues of Hegemony and Identity’ (1994).

He is a Professors Emeritus of the School of Arts, Media, Performance, and Design.

Daniel Connor Lathbury (1831-1922) was an editor at The Guardian (1883-1889) and The Pilot (1900-1904) edited "Gladstone's Correspondence on Church and Religion (1910).

Dr. Inez Elliston was an educator, writer, policy consultant, and leader in community volunteerism. Born in Jamaica, Elliston acquired a Bachelor of Arts from the University of London/University of the West Indies in 1961. She subsequently received a Diploma in Education in 1961 from London University, a Masters of Education from Boston University, a Masters of Education from the University of Toronto in 1972 and her PhD, also from UofT, in 1976.

Elliston was the first coordinator of the Multiculturalism and Race Relations Committee for the Scarborough Board of Education. She was responsible for implementing 14 major policy recommendations, including multicultural training for staff and improved assessment of immigrant children in the school system.

She was Coordinator of the Adult Day School and Multicultural Centre 1978-1982. From 1986 to 1990 she was the vice principle of Continuing Education, From 1994 to 1996 she was an Education Officer in the Ministry of Education and Training. Elliston played key leadership roles in the Canadian Council of multicultural and Intercultural Education (CCMIE), Delta Kappa Gamma International Society for Key Women Educators, the Governing Council at University of Toronto, has sat on the Advisory Board and Faculty Council at OISE at the University of Toronto, and is involved in the Canadian Federation of University Women.

Elliston’s contributions to Canadian society and her local community have been acknowledged through awards including: a 15 Year Volunteer Service Award from the Ministry of Citizenship (1987), a citation for Citizenship from the Government of Canada (1989), an Outstanding Achievement Award from CCMIE (1990), and Outstanding Achievement Ward from the Jamaican Canadian Association (1996), the ACAA in 1996, and lifetime achievement awards from the Malvern Youth Club (2000), the John Hubbard Humanitarian Award (2001). She has also received public recognition of her contributions to the community from the City of Scarborough (1994) and the City of Markham (2002). She received the Order of Ontario in 2004.

An award for achievement in anti-racist and ethno-cultural equity was established in Elliston’s name by the Board of Scarborough in 1995.

Elliston was the author of Multiculturalism in Canada: issues and perspectives, Education in a changing society and Effective schooling for an increasingly diverse student population.

William Babington Maxwell (1866-1938) was a British novelist. Born on June 4th 1866, he was the third surviving child and second eldest son of novelist Mary Elizabeth Braddon.

Though nearly 50 years old at the outbreak of the First World War, he was accepted as a lieutenant in the Royal Fusiliers and served in France until 1917.

He wrote The Last Man In, a drama, produced 14 March 1910, at the Royalty Theatre, Glasgow, by the Scottish Repertory Company; and, with George Paston (i. e., Emily Morse Symonds), a farce, The Naked Truth, which was first played at Wyndham's Theatre, London, in April, 1910, and in which Charles Hawtrey played Bernard Darrell. New International Encyclopedia

(from Wikipedia entry)

William Hay Caldwell (1859–28 August 1941) was a Scottish zoologist. Attending Cambridge University, he was the first recipient of anstudentship founded in honour of his supervisor Francis Maitland Balfour, who died in a climbing accident in 1882. Two years after graduating from Cambridge in 1880, Caldwell was appointed Demonstrator in Comparative Anatomy, working for Professor Alfred Newton. In 1884, Caldwell used his studentship, which consisted of "£200 studentship, a £500 grant, the prestige and backing of the Royal Society, and letters of introduction from Newton to travel to Australia" to investigate whether the platypus laid eggs. With the assistance of the local Aborigines, Caldwell set up camp on the banks of the Burnett River in northern Queensland, hunting for lungfish, echidna, and platypus eggs. After extensive searching assisted by a team of 150 Aborigines, he discovered a few eggs. Mindful of the high cost per word, Caldwell famously but tersely wired London, "Monotremes oviparous, ovum meroblastic." That is, monotremes lay eggs, and the eggs are similar to those of reptiles in that only part of the egg divides as it develops. Caldwell stayed away from the beginning stages of Darwinism and wanted to study evolutionary patterns himself. He believed that patterns of individual development could assist in developing and understanding the process of evolution.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hay_Caldwell .

(from article by Alison M. Lewis, Ph.D.)

Caroline Emelia Stephen (1834-1909) was the youngest of this generation of Stephen siblings and the only girl. There are two distinctive and contradictory portraits of her that emerge. The first has its roots in Leslie Stephen’s book of family remembrances, The Mausoleum Book, in which he writes that Caroline’s health was damaged and her life ruined by an unrequited love who left and died in India (54-5). We are indebted to feminist scholar Jane Marcus for being the first to look at Caroline Stephen seriously in the realm of Woolf criticism. Marcus put forth an alternative viewpoint, espoused by Woolf herself, that Caroline’s ill health was rather due to the fact that she played the role of "a dutiful Victorian daughter and sister, nursing at the sickbeds and deathbeds of her family" ("Niece," 15). Woolf recognized in her aunt the same pattern played out in the lives of her own mother and half-sister and stated in her aunt’s obituary that "attendance upon her mother during her last long illness injured her health so seriously that she never fully recovered" (Marcus, "Thinking," 29).

Caroline’s mother died in 1875; Caroline suffered another collapse the same year while caring for Leslie and his daughter following the death of his first wife. It is perhaps not surprising that Leslie Stephen might have been eager to shift some of the blame for Caroline’s broken health from himself to a mythical lover. Even more damaging is the fact that he makes every effort to denigrate Caroline’s writing. Her work is "little" he says, perhaps in contrast to his own "big" work. He misnames Quaker Strongholds in his memoir as Strongholds of Quakerism, and calls it "another little work of hers" (Mausoleum, 55). Caroline most likely found a number of other benefits in her involvement with Friends: the lack of priests and paid ministers avoided the hierarchical structure of other established religions; her own religious authority was both valued and encouraged by Friends; and she entered a tradition which, from the time of its founding in the mid-1600s, had accepted in principle and often in practice, the equality of women.

For more information see article by Lewis, Ph.D. at: http://www.quaker.org/quest/issue3-3.html and Wikipedia article at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Stephen .

English architectural critic and author

(from Wikipedia entry)

Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was a British poet and cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the famed headmaster of Rugby School, and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator. Matthew Arnold has been characterized as a sage writer, a type of writer who chastises and instructs the reader on contemporary social issues.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Arnold .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Sir Patrick Geddes FRSE (2 October 1854 – 17 April 1932) was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner (see List of urban theorists). He is known for his innovative thinking in the fields of urban planning and sociology.

He introduced the concept of "region" to architecture and planning and coined the term "conurbation".

An energetic Francophile, Geddes was the founder of the Collège des Écossais (Scots College) an international teaching establishment in Montpellier, France.

His papers are held at the National Library of Scotland, the University of Strathclyde and others. For more information, see:http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F46261

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Geddes .

Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse (8 September 1864 - 21 June 1929) was a British liberal political theorist and sociologist, who has been considered one of the leading and earliest proponents of social liberalism. His works, culminating in his famous book Liberalism (1911), occupy a seminal position within the canon of New Liberalism. He worked both as an academic and a journalist, and played a key role in the establishment of sociology as an academic discipline; in 1907 he shared, with Edward Westermarck, the distinction of being the first professor of sociology to be appointed in the United Kingdom, at the University of London. He was also the founder and first editor of The Sociological Review. His sister was Emily Hobhouse, the British welfare activist. Hobhouse was born in St Ive, near Liskeard in Cornwall, the son of Reginald Hobhouse, an Anglican clergyman, and Caroline Trelawny. He attended Marlborough College before reading Greats at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he graduated with a first-class degree in 1887. Upon his graduation, Hobhouse remained at Oxford as a prize fellow at Merton College before becoming a full fellow at Corpus Christi. Taking a break from academia between 1897 and 1907, Hobhouse worked as a journalist (including a stint with the Manchester Guardian) and as the secretary of a trade union. In 1907, Hobhouse returned to academia, accepting the newly created chair of sociology at the University of London where he remained until his death in 1929.

Hobhouse was also an atheist from an early age, despite his father being an Archdeacon. He believed that rational tests could be applied to values and that they could be self-consistent and objective.

Sir E. Ray Lankester KCB, FRS (15 May 1847 - 13 August 1929) was a British zoologist, born in London.

An invertebrate zoologist and evolutionary biologist, he held chairs at University College London and Oxford University. He was the third Director of the Natural History Museum, and was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society. E. (Edwin: his first name was never used) Ray Lankester was the son of Edwin Lankester, a coroner and doctor-naturalist who helped abolish cholera in London. Ray Lankester was probably named after the naturalist John Ray: his father had just edited the memorials of John Ray for the Ray Society.

In 1855 Ray went to boarding school at Leatherhead, and in 1858 to St Paul's School. His university education was at Downing College, Cambridge and Christ Church, Oxford; he transferred from Downing, after five terms, at his parents' behest because Christ Church had better teaching in the form of the newly appointed George Rolleston.

Lankester achieved first-class honours in 1868. His education was rounded off by study visits to Vienna, Leipzig and Jena, and he did some work at the Stazione Zoologica at Naples. He took the examination to become a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, and studied under Thomas H. Huxley before taking his MA.

Lankester therefore had a far better education than most English biologists of the previous generation, such as Huxley, Wallace and Bates. Even so, it could be argued that the influence of his father Edwin and his friends were just as important. Huxley was a close friend of the family, and whilst still a child Ray met Hooker, Henfry, Clifford, Gosse, Owen, Forbes, Carpenter, Lyell, Murchison, Henslow and Darwin.

He was a large man with a large presence, of warm human sympathies and in his childhood a great admirer of Abraham Lincoln. His interventions, responses and advocacies were often colourful and forceful, as befitted an admirer of Huxley, for whom he worked as a demonstrator when a young man. In his personal manner he was not so adept as Huxley, and he made enemies by his rudeness. This undoubtedly damaged and limited the second half of his career.

Lankester appears, thinly disguised, in several novels. He is the model for Sir Roderick Dover in H.G. Wells' Marriage (Wells had been one of his students), and in Robert Briffault's Europa, which contains a brilliant portrait of Lankester, including his friendship with Karl Marx. He has also been suggested for Professor Challenger in Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World, but Doyle himself said that Challenger was based on a professor of physiology at the University of Edinburgh named William Rutherford.

Lankester never married. A finely decorated memorial plaque to him can be seen at the Golders Green Crematorium, Hoop Lane, London.

Andrew Lang (31 March 1844 - 20 July 1912) was a Scots poet, novelist, literary critic, and contributor to the field of anthropology. He is best known as a collector of folk and fairy tales. The Andrew Lang lectures at the University of St Andrews are named after him. Lang was born in Selkirk. He was the eldest of the eight children born to John Lang, the town clerk of Selkirk, and his wife Jane Plenderleath Sellar, who was the daughter of Patrick Sellar, factor to the first duke of Sutherland. On 17 April 1875 he married Leonora Blanche Alleyne, youngest daughter of C. T. Alleyne of Clifton and Barbados. She was (or should have been) variously credited as author, collaborator, and/or translator of Lang's Color/Rainbow Fairy Books he edited.

He was educated at Selkirk Grammar School, Loretto, and at the Edinburgh Academy, St Andrews University and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he took a first class in the final classical schools in 1868, becoming a fellow and subsequently honorary fellow of Merton College. As a journalist, poet, critic and historian, he soon made a reputation as one of the most able and versatile writers of the day. In 1906 he was elected FBA.

He died of angina pectoris at the Tor-na-Coille Hotel in Banchory, Banchory, survived by his wife. He was buried in the cathedral precincts at St Andrews. Lang is now chiefly known for his publications on folklore, mythology, and religion. The interest in folklore was from early life; he read John Ferguson McLennan before coming to Oxford, and then was influenced by E. B. Tylor. Lang was one of the founders of "psychical research" and his other writings on anthropology include The Book of Dreams and Ghosts (1897), Magic and Religion (1901) and The Secret of the Totem (1905). He served as President of the Society for Psychical Research in 1911.He collaborated with S. H. Butcher in a prose translation (1879) of Homer's Odyssey, and with E. Myers and Walter Leaf in a prose version (1883) of the Iliad, both still noted for their archaic but attractive style. He was a Homeric scholar of conservative views. Other works include Homer And The Study Of Greek found in Essays In Little (1891), Homer and the Epic (1893); a prose translation of The Homeric Hymns (1899), with literary and mythological essays in which he draws parallels between Greek myths and other mythologies; and Homer and his Age (1906). Lang's writings on Scottish history are characterised by a scholarly care for detail, a piquant literary style, and a gift for disentangling complicated questions. The Mystery of Mary Stuart (1901) was a consideration of the fresh light thrown on Mary, Queen of Scots, by the Lennox manuscripts in the University Library, Cambridge, approving of her and criticising her accusers. Lang's earliest publication was a volume of metrical experiments, The Ballads and Lyrics of Old France (1872), and this was followed at intervals by other volumes of dainty verse, Ballades in Blue China (1880, enlarged edition, 1888), Ballads and Verses Vain (1884), selected by Mr Austin Dobson; Rhymes

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George John Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, KG, KT, PC, FRS, FRSE (30 April 1823 – 24 April 1900), styled Marquess of Lorne until 1847, was a Scottish peer and Liberal politician as well as a writer on science, religion, and the politics of the 19th century.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Campbell,_8th_Duke_of_Argyll .

Sara Woods, mystery and crime writer, is the nom de plume of Lana Bowen-Judd, born in 1922 in Bradford, Yorkshire, England and educated at Convent of Sacred Heart in Filey, Yorkshire. During the Second World War, she worked in a bank and as a solicitor's clerk in London, England. Following her marriage to Anthony George Bowen-Judd on April 25, 1946, she worked alongside her husband as a pig breeder from 1948 to 1954. In 1957, they emigrated to Halifax, Nova Scotia where Woods worked as registrar of St. Mary's University until 1964. She published her first novel, 'Bloody Instructions' in 1962, and between 1962 and 1985 wrote fifty-three mystery novels most of which were published in the United Kingdom and the United States. Only 'Call Back Yesterday' (1983) was published in Canada. In addition to publishing as Sara Woods, she also published under the names of Anne Burton, Mary Challis and Margaret Leek. She was a member of the Society of Authors (England), the Authors League of America, the Mystery Writers of America and the Crime Writers Association (England). She also helped found Crime Writers of Canada and served on its first executive committee. Her final home was Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario where she lived with her husband from 1981 until her death in 1985.

Benjamin Jowett (April 15, 1817 – October 1, 1893) was renowned as an influential tutor and administrative reformer in the University of Oxford, a theologian and translator of Plato. He was Master of Balliol College, Oxford.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Jowett.