Showing 3241 results

Moyez G. Vassanji (1950- ), author and nuclear physicist, was born in Nairobi, Kenya and raised in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. He began his studies at the University of Nairobi but left in 1970 to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Vassanji later completed a Ph.D. in nuclear physics at the University of Pennsylvania. He immigrated to Canada in 1978 to work at the Chalk River atomic power station in Ontario. Vassanji moved to Toronto in 1980 to work at the University of Toronto as a research associate and lecturer, and soon began writing fiction. He edited "A Meeting of Streams : South Asian Canadian Literature" in 1985. His first novel, "The Gunny Sack," was published in 1989, and was awarded the 1990 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for best first novel (Africa). That year, he and his wife, Nurjehan Aziz, founded "The Toronto South Asian Review," a journal devoted to South Asian Canadian writers. It was renamed "The Toronto Review of Contemporary Writing Abroad" in 1993 to reflect the wider community of immigrant writers in Canada. Vassanji gave up his work as a nuclear physicist in 1989 to turn his full attention to writing. He is the author of several novels: "No New Land" (1990), "The Book of Secrets" (1993), "Amriika" (2000), "The In-between World of Vikram Lall" (2003), "The Assassin's Song" (2007), "The Magic of Saida" (2012), “Nostalgia” (2016), “A Delhi Obsession” (2019), and “Everything There Is" (2023). He is also the author of three collections of short stories - "Uhuru Street" (1990), "When She Was Queen" (2005), and “What We Are” (2021) - as well as two memoirs, "A Place Within: Rediscovering India" (2008), “And Home Was Kariakoo: A Memoir of East Africa” (2014), and a biography of Mordecai Richler published by Penguin Canada in 2009 as part of its Exceptional Canadians Series. He is the first repeat winner of the Scotiabank Giller Prize, winning in its inaugural year for "The Book of Secrets" and later for "The In-between World of Vikram Lall," and was shortlisted for the prize for "The Assassin's Song." Vassanji was made a Member of the Order of Canada in October 2004 for his contributions to writing and the arts, and an honorary Doctor of Letters by York University in June 2005. "The In-between World of M.G. Vassanji," a television documentary about his life, was first broadcast in 2006.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Herbert George Herbert George “H.G.” Wells (21 September 1866-13 August 1946) was an English writer, now best known for his work in the science fiction genre. He was also a prolific writer in many other genres, including contemporary novels, history, politics, and social commentary, even writing textbooks and rules for war games. Wells is sometimes called The Father of Science Fiction, as are Jules Verne and Hugo Gernsback. His most notable science fiction works include The War of the Worlds, The Time Machine, The Invisible Man, and The Island of Doctor Moreau.

Wells’s earliest specialized training was in biology, and his thinking on ethical matters took place in a specifically and fundamentally Darwinian context. He was also from an early date an outspoken socialist, often (but not always, as at the beginning of the First World War) sympathising with pacifist views.

Herbert George Wells was born at Atlas House, 46 High Street, Bromley, in Kent, on 21 September 1866. Called “Bertie” in the family, he was the fourth and last child of Joseph Wells (a former domestic gardener, and at the time a shopkeeper and professional cricketer) and his wife, Sarah Neal (a former domestic servant). An inheritance had allowed the family to acquire a shop in which they sold china and sporting goods, although it failed to prosper: the stock was old and worn out, and the location was poor. Joseph Wells managed to earn a meagre income, but little of it came from the shop and he received an unsteady amount of money from playing professional cricket for the Kent county team. Payment for skilled bowlers and batsmen came from voluntary donations afterwards, or from small payments from the clubs where matches were played.

A defining incident of young Wells's life was an accident in 1874 that left him bedridden with a broken leg. To pass the time he started reading books from the local library, brought to him by his father. He soon became devoted to the other worlds and lives to which books gave him access; they also stimulated his desire to write. Later that year he entered Thomas Morley's Commercial Academy, a private school founded in 1849 following the bankruptcy of Morley's earlier school. The teaching was erratic, the curriculum mostly focused, Wells later said, on producing copperplate handwriting and doing the sort of sums useful to tradesmen. Wells continued at Morley's Academy until 1880. In 1877, his father, Joseph Wells, fractured his thigh. The accident effectively put an end to Joseph's career as a cricketer, and his subsequent earnings as a shopkeeper were not enough to compensate for the loss of the primary source of family income.

No longer able to support themselves financially, the family instead sought to place their sons as apprentices in various occupations. From 1880 to 1883, Wells had an unhappy apprenticeship as a draper at the Southsea Drapery Emporium, Hyde's. His experiences at Hyde's, where he worked a thirteen-hour day and slept in a dormitory with other apprentices, later inspired his novels The Wheels of Chance and Kipps, which portray the life of a draper's apprentice as well as providing a critique of society's distribution of wealth.

Wells’s parents had a turbulent marriage, owing primarily to his mother being a Protestant and his father a freethinker. When his mother returned to work as a lady’s maid (at Uppark, a country house in Sussex), one of the conditions of work was that she would not be permitted to have living space for her husband and children. Thereafter, she and Joseph lived separate lives, though they never divorced and remained faithful to each other. As a consequence, Herbert’s personal troubles increased as he subsequently failed as a draper and also, later, as a chemist’s assistant. Fortunately for Herbert, Uppark had a magnificent library in which he immersed himself, reading many classic works, including Plato’s Republic, and More’s Utopia. This would be the beginning of Herbert George Wells’s venture into literature.

In October 1879 Wells’s mother arranged through a distant relative, Arthur Williams, for him to join the National School at Wookey in Somerset as a pupil-teacher, a senior pupil who acted as a teacher of younger children. In December that year, however, Williams was dismissed for irregularities in his qualifications and Wells was returned to Uppark. After a short apprenticeship at a chemist in nearby Midhurst, and an even shorter stay as a boarder at Midhurst Grammar School, he signed his apprenticeship papers at Hyde’s. In 1883 Wells persuaded his parents to release him from the apprenticeship, taking an opportunity offered by Midhurst Grammar School again to become a pupil-teacher; his proficiency in Latin and science during his previous, short stay had been remembered.

The years he spent in Southsea had been the most miserable of his life to that point, but his good fortune at securing a position at Midhurst Grammar School meant that Wells could continue his self-education in earnest. The following year, Wells won a scholarship to the Normal School of Science (later the Royal College of Science in South Kensington, now part of Imperial College London) in London, studying biology under Thomas Henry Huxley. As an alumnus, he later helped to set up the Royal College of Science Association, of which he became the first president in 1909. Wells studied in his new school until 1887 with a weekly allowance of 21 shillings (a guinea) thanks to his scholarship. This ought to have been a comfortable sum of money (at the time many working class families had “round about a pound a week” as their entire household income) yet in his 'Experiment in Autobiography', Wells speaks of constantly being hungry, and indeed, photographs of him at the time show a youth very thin and malnourished.

He soon entered the Debating Society of the school. These years mark the beginning of his interest in a possible reformation of society. At first approaching the subject through The Republic by Plato, he soon turned to contemporary ideas of socialism as expressed by the recently formed Fabian Society and free lectures delivered at Kelmscott House, the home of William Morris. He was also among the founders of The Science School Journal, a school magazine that allowed him to express his views on literature and society, as well as trying his hand at fiction: the first version of his novel 'The Time Machine' was published in the journal under the title 'The Chronic Argonauts.' The school year 1886-87 was the last year of his studies. Despite having previously passed his exams in both biology and physics, his lack of interest in geology resulted in his failure to pass and the subsequent loss of his scholarship.

During 1888 Wells stayed in Stoke-on-Trent, living in Basford, and also at the Leopard Hotel in Burslem. The unique environment of The Potteries was certainly an inspiration. He wrote in a letter to a friend from the area that “the district made an immense impression on me.” The inspiration for some of his descriptions in 'The War of the Worlds' is thought to have come from his short time spent here, seeing the iron foundry furnaces burn over the city, shooting huge red light into the skies. His stay in The Potteries also resulted in the macabre short story “The Cone” (1895, contemporaneous with his famous The Time Machine), set in the north of the city.

After teaching for some time, Wells found it necessary to supplement his knowledge relating to educational principles and methodology and entered the College of Preceptors (College of Teachers). He later received his Licentiate and Fellowship FCP diplomas from the College. It was not until 1890 that Wells earned a Bachelor of Science degree in zoology from the University of London External Programme. In 1889-90 he managed to find a post as a teacher at Henley House School, where he taught A. A. Milne.

Upon leaving the Normal School of Science, Wells was left without a source of income. His aunt Mary—his father's sister-in-law—invited him to stay with her for a while, which solved his immediate problem of accommodation. During his stay at his aunt’s residence, he grew increasingly interested in her daughter, Isabel. He would later go on to court her. In 1891, Wells married his cousin Isabel Mary Wells; the couple agreed to separate in 1894 when he fell in love with one of his students, Amy Catherine Robbins (later known as Jane), whom he married in 1895. Poor health took him to Sandgate, near Folkestone, where in 1901 he constructed a large family home: Spade House. He had two sons with Jane: George Philip (known as "Gip") in 1901 (d.1985) and Frank Richard in 1903 (d.1982). The marriage lasted until her death in 1927.

With his wife Jane's consent, Wells had affairs with a number of women, including the American birth control activist Margaret Sanger and novelist Elizabeth von Arnim. In 1909 he had a daughter, Anna-Jane, with the writer Amber Reeves, whose parents, William and Maud Pember Reeves, he had met through the Fabian Society; and in 1914, a son, Anthony West (1914-1987), by the novelist and feminist Rebecca West, twenty-six years his junior.

Wells died of unspecified causes on 13 August 1946 at his home at 13 Hanover Terrace, Regent's Park, London, aged 79. Some reports also say he died of a heart attack at the flat of a friend in London.

Richard Courtney, drama teacher and theatre scholar, was born in Newmarket, England on 4 June 1927 and was educated at Culford School and Leeds University. Between the years 1948 and 1952, Courtney, studied at Leeds with Shakespeare scholar G. Wilson Knight and Pirandello scholar and translator Frederick May. On 21 December 1953, he married Maureen Rosemary Gale. While attending Leeds, Courtney directed and appeared in a number of theatre productions and upon graduation continued his this endeavor with the Arts Theatre in Leeds and the Rep Theatre in Yorkshire. From 1956 to1960, he played various roles on BBC radio. Between 1952 and 1959 he taught drama at schools in England before becoming Senior Lecturer in Drama at Trent Park College of Education in 1959, a position he would retain until 1967. From 1968 to 1971, he was Associate Professor of Theatre at the University of Victoria, British Columbia and was Professor of Drama from 1971 to 1974 at the University of Calgary. While in Calgary, Courtney also directed theatre and served as President of the Canadian Child and Youth Drama Association as well as being an advisor to the Minster of Culture, Andre Fortier. In 1974 he was appointed Professor of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education and the University of Toronto Graduate Centre for Drama. He maintained these positions until his retirement in 1995. In 1975 he traveled to New Mexico to research the dramatic rituals of the Hopi and the Navajo nations. He visited the University of Melbourne in 1970 and 1974 and was a Visiting Fellow in the Spring of 1979 at the Melbourne State College, Victoria. Above all Richard Courtney was a well respected drama theorist. He wrote extensively on the subject and has roughly one hundred published works to his name including Drama for Youth (1964), Teaching Drama (1965), The School Play (1966), The Drama Studio (1967), Play, Drama and Thought (1968), The Dramatic Curriculum (1980). In addition, he was also responsible for numerous reports and journal articles touching on such subjects as educational drama, drama therapy, arts education, criticism and the history of drama. Courtney lectured extensively in Australia, Canada, the UK and the US. He was President of the Canadian Conference of the Arts, 1973-1976 and Chairman of the National Inquiry into Arts and Education in Canada, 1975-1979. Richard Courtney died on Saltspring Island, British Columbia on 16 August 1997.

Stephen Endicott (1928-2019) was an educator, labour historian, and political organizer. Born in Shanghai of Canadian missionary parents James G. Endicott and Mary Austin, Endicott grew up in China before the Chinese Communist revolution that began in 1946. His family lived in Sichuan province for three generations. Home-schooled by his mother in China, Endicott graduated from Vaughan Road Collegiate Institute of Toronto in 1945, and earned his BA (1949), and MA (1966) in history from the University of Toronto, and his PhD in history from the School of Oriental & African Studies at the University of London in 1973. During the 1960s Endicott was a secondary school teacher with the South Peel Board of Education, and began his graduate studies at the University of Toronto. He taught as a visiting scholar at Sichuan University in Chengdu, China in the 1980s. He received a Killam Senior Fellowship and other academic awards while teaching East Asian history at York University in Toronto beginning in 1972-73 as a sessional lecturer until his retirement as a Senior Scholar in 1990. His books include Diplomacy and enterprise : British China policy 1933-1937 (1975); James G. Endicott : rebel out of China (1980); Wen Yiuzhang Zhuan (the Biography of James G. Endicott) (1983); Red earth : revolution in a Sichuan village (1988); The red dragon : China 1949-1990 (1991); The United States and biological warfare : secrets from the early cold war and Korea (1999) with colleague Edward Hagerman; Bienfait : the Saskatchewan miner's unrest in '31 (2002); and Raising the workers' flag : the workers' unity league of Canada 1930-1936 (2012).

(from Wikipedia entry)

William Francis Cowper-Temple, 1st Baron Mount Temple PC (13 December 1811 - 16 October 1888), known as William Cowper (pronounced "Cooper") before 1869 and as William Cowper-Temple between 1869 and 1880, was a British Liberal Party politician and statesman. ord Mount Temple was twice married. He married firstly Harriet Alicia, daughter of Daniel Gurney, in 1843. After her early death the same year, he married secondly, in 1848, Georgiana Tollemache, daughter of Admiral John Richard Delap Tollemache, and a sister of the 1st Baron Tollemache. Both marriages were childless. He died in October 1888, aged 76.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cowper-Temple,_1st_Baron_Mount_Temple .

Jason Sherman (1962-), playwright and script writer, was born in Montreal, Quebec in 1962 and has lived in Toronto since 1969. He graduated from York University's Creative Writing Program in 1985 and co-founded and co-edited the literary magazine "What" with Kevin Connolly. Between 1985 and 1990, Sherman continued to run "What" as well as establishing himself as a journalist with reviews, essays and interviews appearing in The Globe and Mail, Canadian Theatre Review and Theatrum, among other publications. Sherman's playwriting work has been recognized with critical acclaim and numerous awards including the Governor-General's award in 1995 for "Three in the Back, Two in the Head", the Floyd S. Chalmers Canadian Play Award in 1993 for "The League of Nathans" and the Dora Mavor Moore Award in 1998 for his play "Patience". Since the production of his first professional play, "A Place Like Pamela" at Walking Shadow Theatre in Toronto in 1991, his work has been performed at various theatres across Canada and the United States including Tarragon Theatre, The Factory Theatre and Theatre Passe Muraille in Toronto, The National Arts Centre in Ottawa and the Stratford Festival in Stratford, Ontario. Several of his plays have been published by Playwrights Canada Press. He was the editor of two anthologies for Coach House Press: "Canadian Brash" (1991) and "Solo" (1993). Sherman is also a respected radio and television script writer and since 2007 has concentrated his work in this area. He has written for various radio and television programmes including his own radio series "National Affairs", the American television programme "The Hard Court", the mini-series "ReGenesis", the CBC Radio series "Afghanada", the television adaptation of Vincent Lam's prize-winning "Bloodletting & Miraculous Cures" collection, the television series "The Listener" and the documentary on Residential Schools, "Stolen Children."

(from Wikipedia entry)

David George Ritchie (1853 - 1903) was a Scottish philosopher who had a distinguished university career at Edinburgh, and Balliol College, Oxford, and after being fellow of Jesus College and a tutor at Balliol College was elected professor of logic and metaphysics at St Andrews. He was also the third president of the Aristotelian Society in 1898. Ritchie was born at Jedburgh on 26 October 1853. He was the only son of the three children of George Ritchie, D.D., minister of the parish and a man of scholarship and culture, who was elected to the office of moderator of the general assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1870. His mother was Elizabeth Bradfute Dudgeon. The family was connected with the Carlyles, and early in 1889 Ritchie edited a volume of Early Letters of Jane Welsh Carlyle.

Ritchie received his early schooling at Jedburgh Academy. Not allowed to make friends with other boys of his own age, he never learned to play games, and lived a solitary life, concentrating his mind rather too early on purely intellectual subjects. He marticulated in 1869 at Edinburgh University, where he made a special study of classics under Professors William Young Sellar and J. S. Blackie, while he began to study philosophy under Professor Campbell Fraser, in whose class and in that of Professor Henry Calderwood (on moral philosophy) he gained the highest prizes. After graduating M.A. at Edinburgh in 1875 with first-class honors in classics, Ritchie gained a classical exhibition at Balliol College, Oxford, and won a first-class both in classical moderations (Michaelmas 1875) and in the final classical school (Trinity term, 1878). In 1878 he became a fellow of Jesus College, Oxford and in 1881 a tutor. From 1882 to 1186 he was also a tutor at Balliol College. At Oxford Ritchie came under the influence of Thomas Hill Green and Arnold Toynbee, and it was there that the foundations were laid both for his interest in idealistic philosophy associated with the name of Hegel, and also of his strong bent toward practical politics; his political philosophy was dominated by the belief that practical action must be derived from principles.

Ritchie married twice. His first marriage was in 1881 to Flora Lindsay, daughter of Col. A. A. Macdonell of Lochgarry, and sister of Professor A. A. Macdonell of Oxford. Flora died in 1888. He was married a second time in 1889 to Ellen Haycraft, sister of Professor John Berry Haycraft. He had a daughter by the first marriage and a son by the second.

In 1894 Ritchie left Oxford on being appointed professor of logic and metaphysics at the University of St. Andrews. At this time the university was in the midst of a turmoil of conflicting interests which involved litigation and much partisan feeling. In this conflict Ritchie supported the side of progress, which ultimately prevailed. He remained at St. Andrews until his death on 3 February 1903.

D. G. Ritchie was a founding member, and the third President (1898-1899), of the Aristotelian Society, an influential academic organization that is still very much in active existence. Both at Oxford and at St. Andrews, Ritchie wrote mostly on ethics and political philosophy. One of his earliest writings was an essay on The Rationality of History, contributed to Essays in Philosophical Criticism, written in 1883 by a number of young men influenced by Hegel and his interpreters. He was very much one of the generation of thinkers who were sometimes referred to as the Young Hegelians.

Of a simple and unaffected nature, Ritchie pursued the truth he set himself to seek with an entire devotion. Despite his retiring manner, he had many friends. He held strongly that questions of ethics and politics must be regarded from a metaphysical point of view. For him the foundation of ethics necessarily rested on the ideal end of social well-being, and keeping this end in view, he proceeded to trace its history at different times, the manner in which it shapes itself in the mind of each individual, and the way in which it can be developed and realized. Ritchie was an advanced liberal with socialist leanings. He considered that the ultimate value of religion depended on the ideal it set before mankind when it represented its highest form.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_George_Ritchie .

Lucas Malet was the pseudonym of Mary St Leger Kingsley (4 June 1852 - 1931), a Victorian novelist.

She was born in Eversley, Hampshire, the daughter of Charles Kingsley (author of The Water Babies). In 1876, she married William Harrison, Minor Canon of Westminster, and Priest-in-Ordinary to the Queen.

Friedrich Max M

Friedrich Max Müller (December 6, 1823 – October 28, 1900), generally known as Max Müller, was a German-born philologist and Orientalist, who lived and studied in Britain for most of his life. He was one of the founders of the western academic field of Indian studies and the discipline of comparative religion. Müller wrote both scholarly and popular works on the subject of Indology and the Sacred Books of the East, a 50-volume set of English translations, was prepared under his direction. He also put forward and promoted the idea of a Turanian family of languages and Turanian people.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Henry Drummond (17 August 1851 – 11 March 1897) was a Scottish evangelist, writer and lecturer. Drummond was born in Stirling. He was educated at Edinburgh University, where he displayed a strong inclination for physical and mathematical science. The religious element was an even more powerful factor in his nature, and disposed him to enter the Free Church of Scotland. While preparing for the ministry, he became for a time deeply interested in the evangelizing mission of Moody and Sankey, in which he actively co-operated for two years.

In 1877 he became lecturer on natural science in the Free Church College, which enabled him to combine all the pursuits for which he felt a vocation. His studies resulted in his writing Natural Law in the Spiritual World, the argument of which is that the scientific principle of continuity extends from the physical world to the spiritual. Before the book was published in 1883, an invitation from the African Lakes Company drew Drummond away to Central Africa.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Drummond_(evangelist) .

Norman Albert Levine was a novelist, short-story writer, and essayist. He was born in Ottawa on 23 October 1923, and was educated at McGill University (MA, 1949). He emigrated to England in that year and eventually settled in St. Ives, Cornwall. Levine wrote numerous short stories, novels, and collections including, "Canada made me" (1958), "I Don't Want to Know Anyone too Well" (1971), "Thin Ice" (1979), "Something happened here" (1991), and "By a Frozen River" (2000). His work appeared in several anthologies of Canadian writing and was translated into German and other languages. Both the Canadian and British Broadcasting Corporations have produced documentaries about Levine. He died on 14 June 2005.

Khush: South Asian Gay Men of Toronto was founded in 1987. The group organized meetings for queer South Asians, and later broadened their membership to include women, becoming Khush: South Asian Lesbian and Gay Association. Remaining active until 1998 the organization ran a variety of queer South Asian community events, one being the annual Desh Pardesh (until 2001), spotlighting South Asian culture, art, and politics. In 1989 Khush founded the first South Asian gay and lesbian newspaper in Toronto, and Avec Pyar, a quarterly zine.

For more information see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khush:_South_Asian_Lesbian_and_Gay_Association .

The Portuguese Interagency Network (PIN) was founded in 1978. PIN was a community-based, non-profit organization which connected agencies and individuals who were concerned with the provision of Portuguese-speaking Canadians in Ontario. Member agencies in the early years included: The Doctors Hospital Social Work Department, The Working Women Community Centre, Parkdale Community Legal Services, St Christopher House, St Stephen’s House, C.R. Sanderson Public Library, and the COSTI-Education Centre. PIN’s membership eventually grew to include over 200 member agencies in addition to many individual members.

PIN’s objectives included: ensuring the provision of services through community development and active cooperation of individuals and agencies; providing on-going professional development and support to its membership; acting as a consulting and resource body for organizations and individuals; providing referrals aimed at linking individuals with services in the community; developing and promote research and planning projects for educational purposes on community needs; encouraging the exchange of information among member agencies and individuals; provide community educational programs; and granting scholarships to support and encourage youth to attend post-secondary institutions.

PIN was managed by an elected twelve-member Board of Directors and an Executive Director. The programs of the P.I.N. were carried out by working committees which focused on the following areas: Adult Education, Child Education, Family and Community Services, Health, Special Needs, and Seniors. Project-based or ad-hoc committees, included: “Ready or Not,” “Youth Committee,” “Lusophone,” and “Employment Equity.” PIN produced several studies and reports on Toronto’s Portuguese-Canadian community. It also conducted a number of public education campaigns in the areas of health, adult education, literacy, sexual assault, and skills training.

PIN helped develop organizations such as Kensington Clinic, Portuguese Mental Health Clinic, Downtown Employment Services, Portuguese Family Crisis Centre, Access Alliance Multicultural Health Centre, and Bradford Immigrant Community Services. PIN played a role in the organization of several conferences for the Portuguese-Canadian community across Canada. In 1993, a conference held in Ottawa, titled “From Coast to Coast: A Community in Transition,” brought together Portuguese-Canadians nation-wide to discuss social, economic, and political issues affecting the community. During the conference, the Portuguese-Canadian National Congress was founded.

Following spending cuts by the Ontario Provincial government in the mid-1990s, PIN discontinued its work in 2009.

Lady Mary Frances Catherine Feilding (1823–1896) was the eldest daughter of William Basil Percy Feilding, seventh earl of Denbigh (1796–1865), and of Mary Elizabeth Kitty, eldest daughter of Thomas Reynolds Moreton, first earl of Ducie. Her mother died in 1842, when Mary was nineteen years old, and she was left in charge of the substantial household and a large number of younger brothers and sisters.
It is not clear, but it appears that she was the twin sister of the eight earl of Denbigh, Rudolph William Basil, Viscount Feilding, later 8th Earl of Denbigh (1823–1892).
Lady Mary remained unmarried and is documented in the census throughout the nineteenth century as living with various siblings.
Her most important philanthropic initiative was the establishment of the Working Ladies' Guild in January 1877, of which she acted as president. Its patron was the bishop of London and the founding committee included Jessie Boucherett, Louisa Hubbard, and Louisa Wade of the Royal School of Art-Needlework, as well as stalwarts of any such enterprise, the marchioness of Ripon, Lady Knightley, and Lady Eden. The guild was dedicated to the welfare of unmarried and widowed gentlewomen in need of employment. Its aim was to provide links between people connected with such institutions as already existed for the benefit of ladies, so as to maximize the efficiency with which

For more information, see Wikipedia entries at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Feilding,_7th_Earl_of_Denbigh .

Rev. Frederick John Norman was the son of Richard Norman and Lady Elizabeth Isabela Manners. He married Lady Adeliza Elizabeth Gertrude Manners, the dauther of John Henry Manners, the 5th Duke of Rutland and Lady Elizabeth Howard on 22 February 1848. The couple had one child, Elizabeth.
He was the rector at Bottesford, Leicestershire.
He died 29 December 1888.

Mary Berkeley was the daughter of Robert Berkeley and Henrietta Sophia Benfield.
Married 8th Earl of Denbigh, Rudolph William Basil Feilding on 29 September 1857. Assumed name of Countess of Denbigh and Desmond on 25 June 1865.
The couple had ten children:
Lady Clare Mary Henrietta Feilding (d. 26 May 1895); Lady Edith Mary Frances Feilding (d. 22 April 1918); Lady Hilda Feilding (d. 1866); :Lady Agnes Mary Feilding (d. 20 July 1921); Rudolph Robert Basil Aloysius Augustine Feilding, 9th Earl of Denbigh (26 May 1859-25 November 1939); Hon. Francis Henry Everard Joseph Feilding (6 March 1867 - 8 February 1936); Lady Winefride Mary Elizabeth Feilding (ca. 1869-24 February 1959); Very Rev. Monsignor Hon. Basil George Edward Vincent Feilding (13 July 1873 - 31 July 1906); Hon. Philip Feilding (5 December 1877 - 5 December 1877).
She died 3 June 1901.

Rev. Charles Robert Shaw-Stewart (9 July 1856 - 28 February 1932) was the son of Sir Michael Robert Shaw-Stewart of Greenock and Blackhall, and Lady Octavia Grosvenor. He married Ida Fannie Caroline Afken (daughter of H.W. Afken) on 2 January 1890. They had two children, Una and Katherine. He graduate from Christ Church, Oxford with an MA in 1882, and after holding various curacies from 1880-1892 settled as rector at Cowden, Kent.

Also mentioned that a C. R. Shaw Steward of Coventry was involved in the Walsall and District Gospel Temperance Union.

Listed in The Harrow School Register (1801-1893) as Charles Robert Shaw-Stewart, son of Sir Michael R. Shaw-Stewart, 7th baronet Ardgowan, Greenock, N.B.
received his BA 1880, MA 1882, held various curacies from 1880-1892 and current vicar of Temple Balsall (1892).

Author of several articles published in Hibbert Journal

“Samantha Martin & Delta Sugar are an eleven-piece band from Toronto, Canada, who are known for their blend of blues, soul, gospel and rock, and exceptional vocals.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha_Martin_%26_Delta_Sugar

Toronto-based alt-rock band

“Little Miss Higgins is the stage name of Jolene Yvonne Higgins, a Canadian folk and acoustic blues singer-songwriter who has performed both as a solo artist and as the lead singer of Little Miss Higgins and the Winnipeg Five. [...] In 2020 Higgins announced plans to cease recording music, arguing that the contemporary era of streaming music services have made recorded music no longer a viable source of income for most musicians, although she plans to continue performing live and touring.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Miss_Higgins

“Songwerinadairriter, vocalist, multi-instrumentalist and composer, Erin Saoirse Adair, has become a prominent and popular voice on the national folk scene, with widespread praise for her accessible and deeply relevant songs. In the time-honoured tradition of topical song writing, her work deals with social justice, the environment, sex positivity, worker’s rights, alcoholism, mental health, sexual assault and more. She sings frankly, but often with disarming humour. Co-founder and former member of the feminist folk trio, Three Little Birds, nominated for a 2012 Canadian Folk Music Award, Erin already has a lot of stage experience under her young belt, and it shines brightly in her strong performances.” https://mariposafolk.com/meet-topical-songstress-erin-saoirse-adair

“Tif Ginn is an American-Canadian folk singer and songwriter, most noted for her work as a duo with her husband Fred Eaglesmith. Originally from Texas, Ginn began her career as a member of the duo The Ginn Sisters, also later known as The Fabulous Ginn Sisters, with her sister Brit Ginn.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tif_Ginn

"Angelique Francis is a Canadian blues singer from Ottawa, Ontario.[1] She is most noted as the winner of the Juno Award for Blues Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2023, for her album Long River." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelique_Francis

Lucho Quequezana is a Peruvian muscian and composer. He is also the host of the television show Prueba de sonido. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucho_Quequezana

"The Paper Kites are an Australian indie rock/folk rock band from Melbourne, Victoria. The band was formed in 2009 by lead vocalist/guitarist Sam Bentley and keyboardist/guitarist Christina Lacy. To date, the band has released five studio albums and four EPs. Their latest studio album, Roses, was released on 12 March 2021. Members: Sam Bentley, Christina Lacy, Dave Powys, Sam Rasmussen, Josh Bentley." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Paper_Kites

"Joe Crookston is an American folk singer from Randolph, Ohio. As of February 2023, he has released four albums and one EP (Chapter) on the Milagrito Records label: 2004's "Fall Down as the Rain", 2008's "Able Baker Charlie & Dog", 2011's "Darkling & the BlueBird Jubilee", 2014's "Georgia I'm Here", and 2023's "NINE BECOMES ONE chapter 9 [start brave]" (February 19, 2023)" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Crookston

“Jory Nash is a folk music-oriented Canadian singer-songwriter and musician based in Cobourg, Ontario, Canada. Nash blends elements of folk, jazz, blues, soul and pop into an original stew of sound. He plays primarily acoustic guitar and piano, and occasionally plays the 5 string banjo.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jory_Nash

“Sam Baker is an American folk musician based in Austin, Texas. He writes sparse poetic lyrics that have gained him acclaim from other notable folk artists such as Gurf Morlix and Fred Eaglesmith.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Baker_(musician)

"He is a multi-instrumentalist musician, singer-songwriter, producer, who won the Juno Award for World Music Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2015 with his first full-length and self-produced album, 500 Years of Night. Escamilla also won a Canadian Folk Music Award for World Music Solo Artist of the Year at the 10th Canadian Folk Music Awards in 2014." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quique_Escamilla

"Ash & Bloom was a Canadian folk pop duo, from Hamilton, Ontario, consisting of James Bloemendal (vocals, acoustic and electric guitar, percussion) and Matt McKenna (vocals, acoustic guitar, mandolin, percussion)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_%26_Bloom

"The Dardanelles are a Canadian folk music group from Newfoundland and Labrador. Led by vocalists and guitarists Tom Power and Matthew Byrne, the band also includes Emilia Bartellas on fiddle, Aaron Collis on accordion and Rich Klaas on bodhran and percussion. [...] The band's recording of "Polly Moore", from The Eastern Light, was included on the soundtrack to the 2013 film The Grand Seduction." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dardanelles_(band)

"Julian Fauth is a Canadian blues pianist, singer and songwriter. Toronto Star stated that "he's been compared to Tom Waits and Bob Dylan, but blues singer-songwriter Julian Fauth is a true original." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Fauth

“The Young Novelists are a Canadian folk-roots band, formed in Toronto, Ontario in August 2009. They play and tour as a five or six-piece band, or as a duo.” Members include Graydon James, John Law, Michael Paddags, and Laura Spink and previously included Noel DiTosto, Alex Dodd, and Shawn Jurek. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young_Novelists

"The Young'uns are an English folk group from Stockton, County Durham, England, who won the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards "Best Group" award in 2015 and 2016 and “Best Album” for Strangers in 2018. They specialise in singing unaccompanied, and they perform traditional shanties, contemporary songs such as Billy Bragg's "Between the Wars" and Sydney Carter's "John Ball", and original works including "You Won’t Find Me on Benefits Street". The members are Sean Cooney, David Eagle and Michael Hughes." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young%27uns

"Irish Mythen is an Irish-born Canadian contemporary folk singer-songwriter. In recent years, Mythen has performed with Rod Stewart, Gordon Lightfoot, and Lucinda Williams and at major festival stages the world over." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Mythen

Owen McBride is a Irish-Canadian Irish folk music performer, storyteller, and spoken word artist. "McBride was a key figure in the folk revival movement in Canada and in North American in the 1960s and early 1970s, appearing at major folk music festivals like the Mariposa Folk Festival and the Philadelphia Folk Festivals.For this role, he was inducted in the Mariposa Folk Festival Hall of Fame in 2019." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_McBride

“Caitlin Hanford is an American and Canadian country and bluegrass singer and a music teacher. She is a member of the group Quartette and also the band The Marigolds. She is the ex-wife of musician Chris Whiteley.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caitlin_Hanford

“Bryden Gwiss Kiwenzie is a Pow-Wow singer/song maker and Men’s Traditional Dancer. He has grown up on the Pow-Wow Trail learning songs, drum teachings and has been dancing Mens Traditional Style for 30 years. He is Originally from Neyaashiinigaming (Cape Croker) but currently residing in Sudbury, Ontario. He works at Shkagamik Kwe Health Centre in Sudbury giving drum teachings to the youth about proper drum etiquette and pow wow songs. Bryden was also nominated for a Juno, Indigenous Album Of The Year 2017, on his debut album release entitled Round Dance & Beats. Which fuses Traditional pow wow songs with modern hip hop production. He has also been nominated for Best Hand Drum Album and Best New Artist at the Indigenous Music Awards held in Winnipeg May 19, 2017.” https://summerfolk.org/performers/bryden-gwiss-kiwenzie/

"William Prince (born 1986) is a Canadian folk and country singer-songwriter based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Prince won the Western Canadian Music Award for Aboriginal Artist of the Year in 2016.[11] He received a Canadian Folk Music Award nomination for Aboriginal Songwriter of the Year at the 12th Canadian Folk Music Awards. Prince won the Juno Award for Contemporary Roots Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2017 for his debut album Earthly Days and was a finalist for the Roots Album of the Year and Indigenous Music Album of the Year. His song "The Spark" won the 2020 SOCAN Songwriting Prize. His 2020 album Reliever received a nomination for Contemporary Roots Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2021. He won two Canadian Folk Music Awards at the 16th Canadian Folk Music Awards in 2021, for Contemporary Album of the Year and English Songwriter of the Year." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Prince_(musician)

“he East Pointers are a Canadian contemporary folk music group from Prince Edward Island, who won the Juno Award for Traditional Roots Album of the Year for their album Secret Victory at the Juno Awards of 2017. The group originally consisted of guitarist Jake Charron, banjoist Koady Chaisson, and fiddler Tim Chaisson. They perform Celtic-influenced original songs and instrumentals with contemporary influences.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_East_Pointers

"Joanna Worthington (born November 7, 1994) is a Canadian multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, producer, and avant-folk musician from Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario. Alongside her experimental use of the ukulele, Worthington has been noted for her extensive use of live looping and effects. In 2015, she was the Grand Prize winner in the Songwriters Hall of Fame Songwriting Competition, and has won awards in every year since for her work." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JoJo_Worthington

“Leif Vollebekk is a Canadian indie folk singer-songwriter, whose 2017 album Twin Solitude was a shortlisted finalist for the 2017 Polaris Music Prize and the 2018 Juno Award for Adult Alternative Album of the Year.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leif_Vollebekk

George Stewart Henry (1871-1953), farmer and politician, was premier of Ontario, 1930-1934 and minister of Highways and Public Roads in the Ferguson Cabinet (1923-1930). He was the Conservative member of the Legislature for Simcoe North (1913-1943) and leader of the party (1930-1937).

“Master percussionist, Senegalese-born singer-songwriter and performer Élage Diouf moved to Canada in 1996 to pursue a musical career that continues to grow and flourish today. A renowned star in his native Senegal, he officially made a name for himself in Canada in 2010 with his first solo album, Aksil (“welcome” in wolof). The album received numerous accolades, including a JUNO and a FELIX Award – both for Best World Music Album. Élage is also known for innumerable collaborations with a range of artists and companies, including a role as a featured performer in the world tour of Cirque de Soleil’s DELIRIUM in over 200 shows around the world. His music, a blend of folk, pop, world, blues and asiko, thrives at an artistic crossroads well travelled by renowned artists like Carlinhos Brown, Peter Gabriel and Andres Cepeda. The musicality of the wolof language explains his choice to sing mainly in his mother tongue.” https://thefestival.bc.ca/artists/elage-diouf/

“Anthony da Costa (born 1991 in Bronx, NY) is an American singer-songwriter based in Nashville, TN. He has been writing and performing original material since he was 13 years old. He names Ryan Adams, Dan Bern, and Bob Dylan as some of his biggest songwriting influences. He attended Columbia University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in ancient Greek and Roman history in 2013. In 2016, Anthony released his latest solo album, "Da Costa," which was self-produced and features Aaron Lee Tasjan, Devon Sproule, and members of Ben Kweller, Eric Johnson and Okkervil River. Anthony is also an in-demand live and session guitarist, having toured with Aoife O'Donovan of Crooked Still, Jimmy LaFave, Joy Williams, the Grammy-award-winning songwriter Sarah Jarosz, and two-time IBMA Guitar Player of the Year Molly Tuttle.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_da_Costa

“iskwē (short for waseskwan iskwew, meaning "blue sky woman" in English) (born Meghan Meisters, 1981) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and activist. Originally from Winnipeg, Manitoba, iskwē has lived in Los Angeles, New York City, and Toronto, and now lives in Hamilton, Ontario.” Genres include electropop, indie electronic, downtempo, trip hop, and post-rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskw%C4%93

“Dave Gunning is a Canadian folk singer-songwriter born in Pictou County, Nova Scotia.[...] Over the span of his career, Gunning has released thirteen albums, received a Juno Award nomination and has been awarded two Canadian Folk Music Awards and recognized with eight East Coast Music Awards. He is known for the incorporation of story telling into his live show. In particular, Gunning relates anecdotes of notable characters from Pictou County and performs impressions of musicians that he has worked with over the years.”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Gunning

"David Bradstreet (born London, England) is a Canadian-based musician. He spent his childhood in Oakville, Ontario and began his music career in the late 1960s. He is best known for his song "Renaissance" ("Let’s Dance That Old Dance Once More") - a hit for the Canadian country and folk musician, Valdy. He has been recognized for his work as a singer-songwriter, composer and producer, twenty albums bearing his name; a Juno Award early in his career; three subsequent Juno nominations and music credits including a Gemini nomination." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bradstreet

“Ahmed Ali, better known by the pseudonym Knowmadic, is a Somali-Canadian poet, writer, actor, musician, and youth activist.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowmadic

“Ian Keteku is a poet, musician and freelance journalist. Born as Ian Nana Yaw Adu Budu Keteku, his birth name mimics his diverse talents and interests. Raised in Canada and of Ghanaian heritage, Keteku earned the title of World Slam Poetry champion in France in the summer of 2010.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Keteku

"Matthew Byrne is a Canadian folk singer and guitarist, who has performed and recorded both as a solo artist and as a member of The Dardanelles. The son of Joe Byrne of the folk duo Pat and Joe Byrne, Byrne released his debut solo album Ballads in 2010. His second album, Hearts and Heroes, was released in 2014. Byrne received two Canadian Folk Music Award nominations at the 11th Canadian Folk Music Awards in 2015, for Traditional Album and Traditional Singer, and won the award for Traditional Album. Byrne released his third album, Horizon Lines, in 2017.[1] He received two more CFMA nominations at the 14th Canadian Folk Music Awards in 2018, and for Traditional Album and Traditional Singer. He won the award for Traditional Album.[7] Byrne released his fourth album, Matthew Byrne & The Lady Cove Women's Choir, in early 2020." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Byrne_(musician)

“Leonard Sumner is an Anishinaabe singer-songwriter from Canada, whose music blends aspects of country, folk and hip-hop music. He is most noted for his 2018 album Standing in the Light, which received a Juno Award nomination for Indigenous Music Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2019. He released his debut album Rez Poetry in 2013, and followed up with Standing in the Light in 2018.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Sumner

"The Slocan Ramblers are a Canadian bluegrass music group from Toronto, Ontario." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Slocan_Ramblers

Quitarist for the band, The Farm. "The Farm are a British band from Liverpool. Their first album, Spartacus, reached the top position on the UK Albums Chart when it was released in March 1991; Spartacus 30 was released in 2021 to commemorate the anniversary. Spartacus includes two songs which had been top 10 singles the year before. In 2012, they toured with their Spartacus Live shows and formed part of the Justice Tonight Band, supporting the Stone Roses at Heaton Park, Phoenix Park, Lyon and Milan. The Justice Collective had the 2012 Christmas number one with their recording of "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Farm_(British_band)

Founded in 1975 by Danny Grossman, the Danny Grossman Dance Company (DGDC) is a modern dance company that was legally incorporated as the Danny Williams Grossman Dance Company in 1977. Considered as one of Canada’s most popular modern-dance troupes, the company toured extensively in Canada and performed globally across Europe, Israel, South America, and the United States. It toured in more than seventeen countries and has appeared at major dance festivals including Jacob’s Pillow. Its mission is to provide the environment, opportunity and support for the creation, performance and preservation of works by Danny Grossman. The company’s artistic statement is to present dance that is about humanity: clear, concise, daring, and universal – not afraid of subject matter. The company’s repertoire of 30 original works reflects Danny Grossman’s personal values of equality, pacificism, honesty courage, social responsibility, sympathy for the underdog and a willingness to reveal demons.

During the first two years, four company dancers (Danny Grossman, Judy Hendon, Erik Bobrow, Greg Parks,) were also members of the Toronto Dance Theatre as dancers, apprentices, and students. Working under the umbrella of TDT, DGDC practised after hours and undertook extended residencies and performances at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia. Follow the success of Higher on tour to Miami and New York in 1976, the company was invited to perform at the New York Dance Festival, the Dance in Canada Conference in Halifax, and in the cultural festivities of the 21st Olympiad in Montreal in 1976.

By 1978 the company was established on a fulltime basis and would rehearse in the evenings at the National Ballet School studios. The six members DGDC (with Randy Glynn and Judith Miller joining the founding dancers) embarked on its first tour of Western Canada with Peter Sever as manager and Germain Pierce as wardrobe supervisor. Afterwards, the company moved to its own studio space on King Street, Hendon left and Pamela Grundy (who would later become Co-Artistic Director) and Trish Armstrong joined by audition.

In the 1980s, the company entered into an extended period of creative work to build a new repertoire in preparation for upcoming tours in North America and Europe. In 1988, the company expanded its repertoire to remount 15 revivals from Canadian artists (Patricia Beatty, Paula Ross, Lawrence Gradus, Judy Jarvis, Anna Blewchamp) and some American choreographers (Charles Weidman and Paul Taylor). Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, the company would performance and tour primarily in Canada.

The company has also collaborated and co-produced with artists of different techniques, cultures, and disciplines including Judy Jarvis, Lawrence Gradus, Rina Singha, and Brainerd Blyden-Taylor. Collaborations also assisted the company to maximise resources through initiatives such as For Dance and Opera (a joint booking project to meet tour management needs) and 509 Parliament St (joint studio space for Canadian Children’s Dance Theatre and independent artists). The company also belonged to Dance 2020 (workgroup of members of Toronto dance community to set priorities and visions for the future), Arts 4 Change (a program designed to create positive change for and by arts professionals in Toronto), and Artsvote (a campaign to educate local voters and politicians about issues in the cultural sector). The company also engaged in educational initiatives with local school groups, community groups, and undertook residency programs on tour.

With shrinking grants to fund operations, the company stopped performing in 2008 and shifted its focus on teaching and preserving Grossman’s choreography. The company travels to schools and teaches works to students at institutions such as Adelphi University.

The Beauties is a Canadian alternative roots/country group from Toronto, Ontario. "The band members are Shawn Creamer, Derek Downham, Paul Pfisterer, Jud Ruhl and Darin McConnell." In 2009 they were named the best roots/country band in Toronto by NOW Magazine. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beauties

"The Once is a folk trio based in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. The group features Geraldine Hollett on lead vocals and vocalist-instrumentalists Phil Churchill and Andrew Dale playing a variety of instruments. The group performs a mix of original and traditional material and is noted for their three part harmonies, which are sometimes performed a cappella." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Once

“Tim Vesely is a Canadian musician and songwriter. He is best known as a founding member of the indie rock band Rheostatics, in which he shared vocal duties with bandmates Dave Bidini and Martin Tielli.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Vesely

“Vance Gilbert is an American folk singer-songwriter. He started as a jazz singer, switched to folk music, became a regular on the open mike circuit in Boston and toured with Shawn Colvin. He has recorded thirteen albums, including Side of the Road, three of them on Philo/Rounder Records. [...] Gilbert is known for his improvisational rapport with audiences during his shows.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vance_Gilbert

“Skye Wallace is a Canadian singer-songwriter currently based in Toronto, Ontario. Wallace has released five studio albums: This Is How We Go, Living Parts, Something Wicked, Skye Wallace, and "Terribly Good".” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skye_Wallace

(from Wikipedia entry)

Louis Robinson was a 19th Century English physician, paediatrician and author. An ardent evolutionist, he helped pioneer modern child medicine during the later Victorian era, writing prolifically in journals on the emerging science of paediatrics. Active in scientific debate, Robinson was critiqued in some parts of the press for his outspoken evolutionary views in the wider debate between scientific theories of human origin and the religious view. Born 8 August 1857 to a Quaker family in Saddlescombe near Brighton, Robinson was educated at Quaker schools in Ackworth and York. His younger sister was the English novelist Maude Robinson. He went on to study medicine in London (at St Bartholomew's Hospital) and Newcastle upon Tyne, before graduating top of his class in 1889. He was married the previous year to Edith Aline Craddock, with whom he went on to have four children. Drawing on his extensive research, Robinson's interest in evolution was expressed in a series of articles, which led to an appearance before the British Association at Edinburgh to present his paper "The Prehensile Power of Infants". A keen practitioner as well as theorist, Robinson was one of the first doctors of his era to conduct experiments with young babies, testing over sixty subjects immediately after birth on their power of grip. This echoed the approach of the pioneering German physician Adolph Kussmaul. Following a series of lectures at Oxford on vestigial reflexes, he was sought after to teach in both British and American universities, and increasingly noticed by prominent scientists like Huxley, Burdon-Sanderson and Flower. However, Robinson opted to focus on his work as a doctor in Streatham. Nonetheless, he continued his research, employing several assistants, and leading to his publication of a volume on evolution that focused on animal behaviour.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Robinson .

translator of works of philosophy

Translator of botony books?

Author of "Some French Writers" (1893). Contributor to British magazines and periodicals such as "The Fortnightly Review," "The Scottish Review" and others.

Beverly Emmons is a lighting designer for the stage, dance and opera. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Emmons)

Barbara Turnbull, Toronto star reporter, advocate and disability activist, was born February 7, 1965 in Montreal, Quebec as the third born of five daughters. At the age of seven, she moved with her mother and four sisters to Mississauga, Ontario where she attended elementary and high school.

On September 23, 1983 Turnbull was working part time at a Becker’s convenience store in Mississauga when the store was robbed at gunpoint. Turnbull was shot in the neck and sustained a spinal cord injury which resulted in her becoming quadriplegic. The event became high profile news, and the media, particularly in the Greater Toronto Area, followed Turnbull’s recovery and the subsequent criminal trial for the men involved in the shooting, into 1985.

In the years after her injury, Turnbull took courses at the University of Toronto, and eventually moved to attend Arizona State University, where she received a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, graduating Magna Cum Laude and as the class valedictorian. Upon returning to Toronto in 1990, she was hired by the Toronto Star as a reporter, where she then worked for the next twenty-five years.

Turnbull became an outspoken and avid advocate for those with spinal cord injuries such as herself. This advocacy led to the founding of the Barbara Turnbull Foundation for Spinal Cord Research, and the creation of the Turnbull-Tator Award in Spinal Cord Injury and Concussion Research, alongside Dr. Charles Tator, one of Barbara’s original doctors at the time of her injury. The award aims to annually recognize outstanding publication by an independent researcher at a Canadian institution in the field of spinal chord and/or brain injury. Turnbull’s advocacy efforts extended to creating real change toward accessibility. In 1993, Turnbull filed a complaint with the Ontario Humans Rights Commission over the lack of accessibility in cinemas operated by Famous Players. (Four other complaints were made by Marilyn Chapman, Domenic Fragale, Ing Wong-Ward and Steven Macaulay.) In 2001, the court ruled in Turnbull’s favor and as a result Famous Players was required to make all their cinemas fully accessible, which resulted in a few downtown theatres being permanently closed.

Throughout her career, Turnbull was acknowledged by many organizations for her work and advocacy, including two honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Toronto and York University. Posthumously, she was awarded the Order of Canada.

Turnbull died in 2015 at the age of 50.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Henry Pickering Bowditch (April 4, 1840 – March 13, 1911) was an American soldier, physician, physiologist, and dean of the Harvard Medical School. Following his teacher Carl Ludwig, he promoted the training of medical practitioners in a context of physiological research. His teaching career at Harvard spanned 35 years.

Henry P. Bowditch was born to the Massachusetts Bowditch family, noted for the mathematician Nathaniel Bowditch, his grandfather, and the archaeologist Charles Pickering Bowditch, his brother. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts to Jonathan Ingersoll Bowditch and Lucy Orne Nichols Bowditch. In 1861, he graduated from Harvard College, and then entered Harvard’s Lawrence Scientific School. His studies there were interrupted by his service for the Union army in the United States Civil War, where he rose to the rank of major in the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry. After graduation from Harvard Medical School in 1868, he went to Paris to study with Claude Bernard. In Bernard’s lab he worked alongside Louis-Antoine Ranvier, later known for neuroanatomy, and Étienne-Jules Marey who promoted the use of photography to capture physiological dynamics. According to Walter Bradford Cannon, when in Paris, Bowditch joined with fellow Bostonians John Collins Warren, Jr., William James, and Charles Emerson for frog-hunting parties. In 1875-1876, Bowditch, William James, Charles Pickering Putnam (1844-1914), and James Jackson Putnam (1846-1918) founded the Putnam Camp at St. Huberts, Essex County, New York.

Bowditch continued his European studies in Bonn with Wilhelm Kuhne and Max Schultze. Ultimately he proceeded to Leipzig where Carl Ludwig was conducting the program that Bowditch would emulate at Harvard. Bowditch impressed Ludwig by constructing an improvement on the kymograph then in use. His studies in Leipzig brought him into contact with, among others, Ray Lankester, Angelo Mosso, Hugo Kronecker and Carl von Voit.

Bowditch was appointed assistant professor of physiology at Harvard in 1871. While still in Germany, he purchased European materials to support the investigative training program he planned. And dramatically, on 9 September 1871, just days before sailing for Boston, he married Selma Knuth of Leipzig. The Bowditch laboratory at Harvard, the first physiological laboratory in the United States, began modestly in attic rooms allotted to him. Bowditch's career at Harvard was parallel to that of William James who instituted his program of experimental psychology in 1875. Bowditch and James represented the New Education espoused by Charles William Eliot, Harvard's President. In 1876 Bowditch was promoted to full professor. In 1887 he co-founded and was the first president of the American Physiological Society. At Harvard he rose to the position of dean of the medical school, serving from 1883 to 1893. In 1903 he was honoured with the George Higginson chair. After 35 years teaching for Harvard, he retired in 1906, and died in Jamaica Plains, Massachusetts in 1913. His students included Walter Bradford Cannon, Charles Sedgwick Minot and G. Stanley Hall.

Manfred Bowditch, Henry's son, gave a personal description of the man he knew as father. Bowditch did much experimentation in a cottage at an Adirondack camp at the head of Keene Valley which bore his name. There, with a well-equipped workshop the son witnessed considerable "inventiveness and manual skill" that Henry also applied in the physiology lab.

Bowditch was granted honorary degrees from five universities: Cambridge, Edinburgh, Toronto, Pennsylvania, and Harvard.

Henry Pickering Bowditch was known for his physiological work on cardiac contraction and knee jerk. He also developed an interest in anthropometry, and showed that nutrition and environmental factors contribute to physiological development. Bowditch can be seen as a link between the milieu interieur of Claude Bernard, his teacher, and homeostasis as developed by his student Walter Cannon.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Pickering_Bowditch .

The Atkinson College Students ' Association was instituted in 1963. All enrolled students are members of the Association which has as its main objective the fostering of activities and events that enhances the university experience of the membership. The Association has a General Assembly which is its deliberative body. The Assembly elects its own executive, the student members of the Atkinson College Council, and the student Senators of the York University Senate. In addition, the Association is responsible for the college newspaper, the college pub, and several events and activities (orientation, social events etc) throughout the school year.
The General Assembly of the Atkinson College Students' Association is a legislative and deliberative forum representative of the entire student body of the college. The Executive of the Assembly consists of a president, vice-president, treasurer and secretary
as well as five directors (Academic Affairs, Internal Affairs, External Affairs, Social and Cultural Affairs, Community Relations and a Director without Portfolio) elected by the assembly. In addition representatives are chosen from each class. The Assembly also appoints several committees to oversee college activities, publications, and operations.

The collection of art at York University was established in 1959 when a decision was made to allocate.5% of all building budgets to the purchase of works of art for public display in the new buildings. An art selection committee headed by Mrs. J.D. Eaton was responsible for selection of works. The committee, formalized as the Art Advisory Committee in 1963, enjoyed a close relationship with the Faculty of Fine Arts. In 1968 Michael Greenwood was hired as Curator of the university collection. He remained in that position until 1984 when he was succeeded by Loretta Yarlow. Plans were made in the early 1970s to establish an art gallery at the university and it opened in the 1972/73 academic year. At the same time the University Art Committee was established as a successor to the Advisory Committee. In 1981 renovations doubled the size of the gallery. The gallery serves both an educational and exhibit purpose to the university and wider community. Its exhibitions (both curated and travelling) have included shows of works by Norval Morriseau, Claude Breeze, Ted Godwin, George Grosz, Max Ernst, contemporary American art, African art, German Expressionism, photography, sculpture and installation art. Its permanent collection includes Canadian, European and non-Western art, and is displayed throughout the university campus.

Consumers' Gas Company was established in Toronto in October, 1847, as a private company to bring gas to the city for the purpose of illuminating the streets. In 1879 the company's authority was extended to providing gas for indoor uses (heating, cooking, illumination). In 1847 the company served approximately 641 consumers: by 1923 the company was serving two hundred times as many consumers claiming that every house in Toronto made use of gas. In 1887 legislation was passed to regulate the price of gas in Toronto, with the City Auditor inspecting the company's books. Further civic involvement in the gas company commenced in 1904 when the City of Toronto purchased shares in the company and the Mayor became an ex-officio director.

Deborah Barndt, educator, writer, activist and photographer, attended Otterbein College in Ohio, graduating in 1967 with a BA in Comprehensive Social Studies and French. She then studied at Michigan State University, completing her MA in Social Psychology in 1968. From 1970 to 1972, she taught as an assistant professor in the Department of Psychology and Sociology at Brookdale Community College in New Jersey. She travelled to Lima, Peru, in 1976 to serve as resident sociologist for a visual communications workshop at the Universidad La Catholica. Barndt was a part-time faculty member in the Applied Social Science department at Concordia University in Montreal before completing her PhD in sociology from Michigan University in 1978. Her PhD dissertation was entitled “People Connecting with Structures: A Photographic and Contextual Exploration of the Conscientization Process in a Peruvian Literacy Program”. From 1977 to 1981, Barndt was a staff member in the participatory research group of the International Council for Adult Education, becoming its director for 1980-1981. During this time, Barndt also worked as an instructor for the Toronto Board of Education and Humber College’s Labour Studies Centre and its English in the Workplace program. She was a visiting professor in the “Women in Unusual Careers” programme at Denison University in Ohio in 1981 before working as a teacher training consultant for the Nicaraguan government’s Vice-Ministry of Adult Education between 1981 and 1983. In 1983, Barndt worked as a consultant at the Highlander Research and Education Center in Tennessee. She returned to Toronto to take the position of adjunct professor in the Department of Adult Education at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education until 1985, when she became the coordinator of Canadian issues at the Jesuit Centre for Social Faith and Justice, a position she held until 1993. Between 1987 and 1990, Barndt was an instructor at the University of Toronto’s Regis College and Department of Sociology. In 1993, Barndt joined the Faculty of Environmental Studies (FES) at York University as an assistant professor, becoming an associate professor in 1999 and professor in 2004. At York, she founded the Community Arts Practice (CAP) program in 2005. She was a senior scholar at the Centre for Refugee Studies in 2008, and between 2012-2013 she served as the inaugural chair for social justice at the Coady International Institute and St. Francis Xavier University, in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. She retired from York University in 2014.

Barndt is the author of Education and Social Change: A Photographic Study of Peru (1980), Getting There: Producing Photo-stories with Immigrant Women (1982) (co-author), A New Weave: Popular Education in Canada and Central America (1985) (co-author), To Change This House: Popular Education under the Sandinistas (1991), Tangled Routes: Women, Work and Globalization on the Tomato Trail (2002), and Earth to Tables Legacies: Multimedia Food Conversations across Generations and Cultures (2022) (co-author). She is the editor of Women Working the NAFTA Food Chain (1999), Just Doing It: Popular Collective Action in the Americas (2002) (co-editor), Wild Fire: Art as Activism (2006), and VIVA! Community Arts and Popular Education in the Americas (2011).

(from Wikipedia entry)

Sir Charles Vernon Boys, FRS (15 March 1855 – 30 March 1944) was a British physicist, known for his careful and innovative experimental work.

Boys was the eighth child of the Reverend Charles Boys, the Anglican vicar of Wing, Rutland. He was educated at Marlborough College and the Royal School of Mines, where he learned physics from Frederick Guthrie and taught himself higher mathematics while completing a degree in mining and metallurgy. As a student at the School of Mines he invented a mechanical device (which he called the "integraph") for plotting the integral of a function. He worked briefly in the coal industry before accepting Guthrie's offer of a position as "demonstrator."

Boys achieved recognition as a scientist for his invention of the fused quartz fibre torsion balance, which allowed him to measure extremely small forces. He made the fused quartz fibres for his instrument by attaching a quartz rod to a crossbow quarrel, heating the rod to the point of melting, and firing the crossbow. By this means he produced fibre so thin that it could not be resolved with an optical microscope. He used this invention to build a radiomicrometer capable of responding to the light of a single candle more than one mile away, and used that device for astronomical observations. In 1895 he published a measurement of the gravitational constant G that improved upon the accuracy achieved by Cavendish. Boys' method relied on the same theory as Cavendish's, but used two masses suspended at one height and two nearby masses suspended at a different height, to minimize the unwanted interaction between opposite masses.

He was a critic of the solar design of Frank Shuman, so Shuman hired him, and together they patented a "Sun-Boiler", which is similar to modern day parabolic trough solar power plants.

In 1897 Boys became a Metropolitan Gas Referee, charged with assessing a fair price for coal gas. He initially worked on the replacement of the standard candle, used to determine the quality of the gas for lighting, by the Harcourt pentane lamp. As heating grew to become the principal use of coal gas, Boys undertook fundamental work on calorimetry to measure and record the heat content of the gas, achieving a substantial increase in precision of measurement. At this time the national gas bill for the United Kingdom was fifty million pounds, so a one-percent correction to the bill represented a very significant amount of money.

Boys also worked on high-speed photography of lightning and bullets in flight, and conducted public lectures on the properties of soap films, which were gathered into the book Soap Bubbles: Their Colours and the Forces Which Mould Them, a classic of scientific popularization. The first edition of Soap Bubbles appeared in 1890 and the second in 1911; it has remained in print to this day. The book deeply impressed French writer Alfred Jarry, who in 1898 wrote the absurdist novel Exploits and Opinions of Dr. Faustroll, Pataphysician, in which the title character, who was born at the age of 63 and sails in a sieve, is described as a friend of C.V. Boys (see also 'Pataphysics). The book was also a favourite of American poet, Elizabeth Bishop.

He married Marion Amelia Pollock in 1892. She caused a scandal by having an affair with the Cambridge mathematician Andrew Forsyth, as a result of which Forsyth was forced to resign his chair. Boys divorced Marion in 1910 and she later married Forsyth.

He died at St Mary Bourne, Andover in Hampshire on 30 March 1944.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Boys .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Neville Stuart Talbot (1879 - 1943) was Bishop of Pretoria in the Anglican Church of Southern Africa and later a robust vicar of St. Mary's Church, Nottingham and assistant Bishop of Southwell who turned down the chance to be Bishop of Croydon. He was born at Keble College, Oxford, and died at Henfield, Sussex. He was the third child and second son of his parents. His father, Edward Stuart Talbot, a younger son of a younger son of the house of Shrewsbury was the first Warden of Keble College, Oxford, and later Vicar of Leeds, and thereafter successively Bishop of Rochester, Southwark and Winchester. His mother was the third daughter of Lord Lyttelton and a member therefore of the large family which laid its characteristic mark on various departments of English life.

Neville had two brothers, the elder of whom, Edward, was to join the Community of the Resurrection, and the younger, Gilbert, was to be killed in action in the Ypres Salient in 1915. Of his sisters, May married Lionel Ford, the Headmaster of Repton and Harrow and later Dean of York, while Lavinia was after his wife's death to keep house for him and bring up his children. When Neville was nine his father moved to Leeds. Neville attended the Grammar School, and then was at Haileybury from 1892 to 1899. He joined the Army in 1898, just in time for the Boer War. Military life had an attraction for certain sides of Neville's character. It appealed to a certain simplicity in him and the need for courage. Neville was inclined to go straight at things, without weighing the risk. He blurted out untimely truths. The discipline of the Army did not affect him much. The Boer War was not a very good school for that. Much of it was like a shooting party, and the hazardous self-exposure in the clear air of the veldt remained his first taste of danger. Neville went up to Christ Church, Oxford, in October 1903. While at Oxford, he played one first-class cricket match for Oxford University as a lower-order batsman and opening bowler. In the winter of 1907 he went to Cuddesdon for his ordination training. Talbot was made deacon at Ripon Cathedral on 14 June 1908. He was an assistant curate at St. Bartholomew's Church, Armley, from 1908 to 1909. He was ordained priest in Lent 1909 and went to be Chaplain of Balliol College, Oxford, in October. During the World War I he served as a military chaplain (4th Class), he was later Assistant Chaplain-General to the Fifth Army.
In April 1918 he was married to Cecil Mary Eastwood by his father at West Stoke Church, near Chichester. On 12 April 1920 he was elected Bishop of Pretoria, in succession to Bishop Furse, and was consecrated in St. Paul's Cathedral on St John the Baptist's Day. Among the bishops who took part in the consecration were his own father, then Bishop of Winchester, the Archbishop of Cape Town, and his predecessor in the Diocese of Pretoria, Bishop Michael Furse.
In 1930 he refused the appointment as Bishop of Newcastle, New South Wales. He was appointed to St. Mary's Church, Nottingham, in 1933. Neville used to refer to St. Mary's as St. Pelican in the Wilderness. This is explained by the comment of a priest in the diocese:
"He arrived snuffing like a great war-horse, longing for the battle; determined to bring Nottingham to the feet of Christ. He was not a little handicapped by the fact that he came just when the migration from the city began, with the result that the old-fashioned kind of worshippers had largely moved into the country. This handicap was late accentuated during the war by the difficulties of transport. His congregation did not increase as he had hoped."
The parish was largely non-residential, and the church was surrounded by factories and offices which Neville used to visit carrying handbills announcing the special dinner-hour service.
Neville was in excellent relations with the non-Anglican religious bodies in Nottingham. In co-operation with Dr McNulty, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Nottingham, and Mr James, the Free Church leader, he helped to create the Nottinghamshire Christian Council, which owed much to the combination in Neville of an outspoken loyalty to his convictions with a warm spirit of fraternity.
In May 1941, Neville wrote from Nottingham :
"We had a visitation - nothing compared with some places, but still a very real taste. Began about twelve. We had gone to bed, and tried to believe that the explosions were our guns, but soon one and then another were unmistakable - one was not far off down Friar's Lane. Peering out of the top window, I soon realised that big fires had been started, so, there being a lull, I went down. I found a fire going in the South Transept of the Church. It took a long time really to put it out."
Neville was often restless within the conditions of his restriction in his parish at Nottingham - restrictions greatly increased by the war. He likened himself to "an old hulk stranded on a lee-shore". His fearless honesty made him accuse himself of ambition, but, if it was there, it did not lurk in any secret corner. In March 1939 he was offered the position of Bishop of Croydon. He would have been Suffragan and Archdeacon as well as Vicar. His first feeling was that he must accept. He felt that nine years in Nottingham were enough, and that "the call came from the Church and not from Downing Street." However, after inspecting conditions on the spot, he decided against.
With the coming of the war, there seemed to open out at last the chance for work that suited his gifts. It arose out of his interest in the Royal Air Force . In January 1941, he took a four days' mission for them at Cranwell, and in 1942 he took a mission in the Royal Air Force depot at Donington. Such experiences convinced him that far more was needed on the spiritual side in the Chaplains' department, and he began a long and unwearied bombardment of the authorities (military and ecclesiastical). He visited C. S. Lewis at Magdalen College, Oxford, staying overnight on 5 November 1941 for conversation between two men who were both involved in the RAF, Lewis as a lecturer. In November 1942, the two archbishops wrote to inform him that he had been appointed as one of the seven men that were to give the greater part of the time to visiting Air Force centres. On 9 December he wrote that he was to start on 12 January 1943. However, just when the direction of his life was moving in a direction that would more suitable employ his talents, came the tragic collapse. On 12 December 1942 he had a severe heart-attack, from which he never recovered.
He retired to Sussex for convalescence where he died. He was buried at All Hallows Barking, the religious headquarters of Toc H (Talbot House).

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neville_Talbot .

Ruth Rittenhouse Morris, Quaker, professor and social activist, was born on 12 December 1933 in the United States. She received her BA from Oberlin College, Ohio, in Music and Sociology (1956) and her MA in sociology from University of Illinois (1958). She then received her MSW (1959) and PhD (1963) from the University of Michigan. Morris advocated strongly for the case of abolishing prisons in favor of alternative justice systems. Morris' activist work began as a reaction against the Vietnam war, racism and poverty. Morris moved to Canada in 1968 and began focusing on penal justice issues and saw the current system as an incarnation of racism and classicism present in society. A former York University sociology instructor, she proposed a 'transformative' justice system and founded "Rittenhouse: a new vision", an agency dedicated to bringing about transformation justice in our criminal justice system. Morris developed a bail program for prisoners and founded Toronto's first bail residence as well as a half-way house for ex-offenders. In addition to many achievements, Morris launched a community project to improve banking services to disadvantaged persons, a drop-in centre for street people and a multi-cultural conflict resolution centre. Some of her published books include 'Penal Abolition: The Practical Choice' (2000), 'Street People Speak' (1987) and 'Crumbling Walls: Why Prisons Fail' (1989). Among many other honours and awards, Ruth Morris was awarded the Order of Canada on May 30, 2001, shortly before her death on September 17, 2001.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Dr. J. G. Garson (c.1861–1932) was a British anthropologist.

Born at Orkney in Scotland, he obtained the degree Doctor of Medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1878, having already been admitted to the Royal College of Surgeons in that city. His education continued in Leipzig, Vienna and Berlin. He was widely recognised as an authority on anthropology, a long-serving and prominent council member of Royal Anthropological Institute, publishing in their journal, and attached to the anthropological section of the British Association, editing and revising their new edition of Notes and Queries on Anthropology (1892).[1] He read papers as a lecturer in comparative anatomy[2] and produced the chapter on osteology in H. Ling Roth's The Aborigines of Tasmania.[3]

(from Wikipedia entry)
Sir Michael Foster, KCB, DCL, MD (8 March 1836 – 29 January 1907) was an English physiologist.

He was born in Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, and educated at University College School, London. After graduating in medicine in 1859, he began to practise in his native town, but in 1867 he returned to London as teacher of practical physiology at University College London, where two years afterwards he became professor. In 1870 he was appointed by Trinity College, Cambridge, to its praelectorship in physiology, and thirteen years later he became the first occupant of the newly created chair of physiology in the university, holding it till 1903. One of his most famous students at Cambridge was Charles Scott Sherrington who went on to win the Nobel Prize in 1932.

He excelled as a teacher and administrator, and had a very large share in the organization and development of the Cambridge biological school. From 1881 to 1903 he was one of the secretaries of the Royal Society, and in that capacity exercised a wide influence on the study of biology in Britain. In 1899 he was created K.C.B., and served as president of the British Association at its meeting at Dover.

In the 1900 General Election, he was elected to represent the University of London in parliament. Though returned as a Unionist, his political action was not to be dictated by party considerations, and he gravitated towards Liberalism; but he played no prominent part in parliament and at the election of 1906 was defeated.

He was joint editor with E. Ray Lankester of The Scientific Memoirs of Thomas Henry Huxley. His chief writings were a Textbook of Physiology (1876), which became a standard work, and Lectures on the History of Physiology during the 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries (1901), which consisted of lectures delivered at the Cooper Medical College, San Francisco, in 1900. He died suddenly in London.

Foster was also the binomial author of at least one plant species, Iris lineata Foster ex Regel (or A.Regel), which was originally described and published in Gartenflora (1887), and later cited in Curtis's Botanical Magazine (1888).

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Foster_(physiologist) .

John R Seeley (1913-1927) was educated in the United Kingdom and the United States. He taught and conducted research in the U.S. prior to his appointment as executive officer of the Canadian Mental Health Association in 1947. The following year he began his association with the University of Toronto as an associate professor of sociology within the Department of Psychiatry and then in the Department of Political Economy. During this period he also served as director of the Forest Hill Village Project (1948-1953), the results of that study being published as the monograph, 'Crestwood Heights' (1956). He later served as research director of the Alcoholism Research Foundation of Ontario (1957-1960), before accepting an appointment as professor of sociology at York University (1960). He served as chair of the department (1962) and as assistant to the president (Ross). Seeley resigned his positions at York in 1963 amidst a faculty-administration dispute, and removed to teaching, research and related work in the United States. Seeley is the author of several books, articles and reports on aspects of sociology, social psychiatry and education. In addition to the study of Crestwood Heights, he is the author of 'The Americanization of the unconscious,' (1967), and of over four hundred reviews, articles, chapters and papers.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Frances Julia "Snow" Wedgwood (9 July 1833 - 26 November 1913) was an English feminist novelist, biographer, historian and literary critic. She was "a young woman of extreme passions and fastidious principles" and "at once a powerful reasoner and an inexorable critic of reason". Wedgwood was the daughter and the eldest of the six children of Hensleigh Wedgwood and his wife Fanny Mackintosh, the daughter of Sir James Mackintosh. She was a great-granddaughter of the potter Josiah Wedgwood and niece of Charles Darwin. Her strong intellect was apparent early and she taught herself Latin, Greek, French, German and drawing, however her only formal education was at the age of thirteen at Rachel Martineau's school in Liverpool. Her mother ran a salon in Cumberland Place attended by Macaulay, Thackeray, F. D. Maurice, Ruskin, and Carlyle. Wedgwood was acknowledged as "the cleverest of her generation" in the extended Wedgwood-Darwin-Mackintosh family and she acquired renown as a "brilliant conversationalist with a passion for scientific and theological debate". In her twenties she wrote the novels "An Old Debt" and "Framleigh Hall" addressing "intellectual conflict, confused gender roles, and ill-starred sexual passion", which were well received by the public. Faced with her father's disapproval of her writing skills and topics, however, Wedgwood abandoned a third novel despite encouragement by Mrs Gaskell, whom she assisted in research for The Life of Charlotte Brontë (published in 1857). She concluded that "she had no imaginative powers" and that her "mind was 'merely analytical'". Due to expectations on an unmarried woman in a large family and by her chronic deafness, Wedgwood's work was severely impeded. "Her reading and writing were done between five and seven in the morning" and most of her life was spent caring for ill relatives and for relatives’ children. She published some book reviews while caring for a brother, then in 1861 an article on the theological significance of On the Origin of Species. In response Charles Darwin wrote her a letter stating "I must tell you how much I admire your Article (...) I think that you understand my book perfectly, and that I find a very rare event with my critics", expressing himself inspired to - and challenged by - further thought on the topics she had brought up.

She was a close friend of Robert Browning for some years, correspondence with whom survives for the years 1863 to 1870.

In 1870, Wedgwood published a much lauded book on the life and historical significance of John Wesley. She set up her own household in Notting Hill and in the following years she helped Charles Darwin translate the works of Linnaeus as well as publishing an array of clear and precise articles on science, religion, philosophy, literature, and social reform. At her London home, Wedgwood also worked on "a history of the evolution of ethics in the great world civilizations, from earliest antiquity down to the scientific positivism and theological modernism of the mid-nineteenth century", which was published as "The Moral Ideal: a Historic Study" in 1888. The success of this work led to the republication of her novels.

Upon the death of her mother in 1889 she gave up her own house to care for her father.

Five years later, she published a follow-up work to "The Moral Ideal" - "The Message of Israel" - with the aim of re-interpreting the Judaeic tradition critically in the light of ‘modernism’. In 1909 a collection of her major articles was published. She was also persuaded to work on a biography of her great-grandfather, which was finished after her death by Professor C. H. Herford. Throughout her life Wedgwood was interested in the boundaries between scientific knowledge and religious belief and was influenced by James Martineau, Alexander John Scott, and especially Thomas Erskine. In her later years she donated extensively for the construction and extension of Church of England churches. She had been active in the anti-vivisection movement since the 1860s and bequeathed it much of her fortune upon her death on 26 November 1913.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Julia_Wedgwood .

The poet/scholar George Thaniel was born on 22 February 1938 in Trahila, Messinia, Greece. After WWII and the Civil War in Greece his family moved to Piraeus where George attended Ionidhios High School (1950-1956) where he also began learning English. During this time he also studied French and Latin at St. Paul's Roman Catholic School. His natural aptitude for languages was awarded with a trip to France from the Alliance Française in 1955. This trip and his love for the French Romanticism inspired him to pursue his calling as a poet in that style.

In 1956, Thaniel enrolled in the School of Philosophy of the University of Athens, graduating in 1962. His education was briefly interrupted (1960-1961) as he performed his required military service with the Greek Navy, where he served as a translator and teacher of English. After graduation, Thaniel taught briefly English at Greek high schools until he emigrated to Canada in 1964. There he taught French and Latin in various Canadian high schools in remote places in Ontario such as Sioux Lookout and Chapeau.

In 1967, Thaniel enrolled in the Classics graduate program at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. The title of his PhD dissertation was "Themes of Death in Roman Religion and Poetry." After completing his PhD in 1971, Thaniel was hired by the University of Toronto as a part-time instructor of Modern Greek in the Department of Classics. In 1972 he advanced to become the University's first full-time instructor of Modern Greek. In 1977 he received tenure and went on to become the University of Toronto's first and only professor of Modern Greek in 1987.

While on a trip to Greece, Thaniel died suddenly and unexpectedly in Athens' General hospital on 22 June 1991.