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Keith Ross Leckie, writer and director, was born in Toronto, Canada on 26 April 1952 and graduated from Ryerson Polytechnic Institute with a Photo Arts Degree in 1975. As a writer, he has written numerous scripts for television productions including "Crossbar" (1979), "Special Delivery" (1985), "Where the Spirit Lives" (1988), "Lost in the Barrens" (1989), "Journey into Darkness : The Bruce Curtis Story" (1989), "The Price of Vengeance" (1993), "Fortitude Bay" (1994), "The Arrow" (1996), "To Walk with Lions" (1998), "Hard Time: The David Milgaard Story" (1998), "Children Of My Heart" (2000), "Shattered City: The Halifax Explosion" (2003), "Everest" (2007), "Committed" (2011) and "An Officer and a Murderer" (2012) which have been aired variously for CBC, CTV and NBC. He has been awarded with one Emmy Award and has received several Gemini Awards for his work in addition to receiving a San Francisco International Festival Special Jury Award (1987), a Columbus Film Festival Chris Award (1987) and a New York Film Festival Blue Ribbon (1988). As a director, Leckie has worked on an episode of “The Beachcombers”, several episodes of the television program “Traders", and an episode of “Spirit Bay”, ‘Words on a Page’, which won several festival awards. He is also the author of the novels The Seventh Gate (1989) and Coppermine (2010).

Paul Hoffert (1943-), composer, musician, author and administrator, was born in Brooklyn, New York on 22 September 1943 and educated at the University of Toronto where he received a B.Sc. in 1966. He mastered classical and jazz piano at a young age and made his first recording, "Jazz Routes of Paul Hoffert" in 1959. He also performed on the TV series "While We Were Young" with Gordon Lightfoot and Tommy Ambrose from 1960 to 1962. As a musician, Hoffert is best known for his work with the musical group Lighthouse that he co-founded in 1969. Lighthouse was the first rock group to feature jazz horns and classical strings. Lighthouse sold millions of records, toured the world and was awarded three Juno awards as Canada's top pop band for the years 1971, 1972 and 1973. Hoffert was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of Lighthouse in 1995. In 1975, Hoffert began focusing on composing film and television music and penned dozens of feature film and hundreds of television program scores. His film music earned him a San Francisco Film Festival and three SOCAN Film Composer of the Year awards. His concert music includes a Juno-award winning violin concerto. In many of his musical endeavours, Hoffert collaborated with his wife, Brenda. Hoffert has parallel achievements in science and technology. He was a researcher at the National Research Council of Canada in the early 1970s and returned to research in 1988 as Vice President of DHJ Research, where he invented digital audio technology for Newbridge Microsystems telephone circuits, Mattel Cabbage Patch Dolls, and Akai and Yamaha musical instruments. In 1992, Hoffert founded CulTech Research Centre at York University, where he developed advanced new media such as digital video telephones and networked distribution of CD-ROMs. From 1994 to 1999, he directed Intercom Ontario, a $100 million trial of the world's first completely connected broadband community that landed him on the cover of the Financial Post and in the Wall Street Journal. Hoffert has been an adjunct professor in the Faculty of Fine Arts at York University since 1984. As an author, Hoffert has written numerous articles in newspapers and magazines as well as several books including "The New Client", "All Together Now", and "The Bagel Effect", which detail recipes for living in the Information Age. Hoffert is Chair of the Bell Broadcast and New Media Fund, Chair of the Guild of Canadian Film and Television Composers and a Board Director of the Glenn Gould Foundation, the SOCAN Foundation, Ontario Foundation for the Arts, Virtual Museum of Canada, United Nations World Summit Award (Information Society), Ontario Cultural Attractions Fund, and Ontario Arts Council Foundation. He is former President of the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television, Chair of the Ontario Arts Council (1994-1997), and former Board Director of Canadian Independent Record Producers Association (CIRPA), Encyclopedia of Music in Canada, Smart Toronto, Performing Rights Society of Canada, and Music Promotion Foundation. He is the recipient of numerous awards for his work including the Pixel award as the New Media industry's "Visionary of the Year" in 2001, and the Order of Canada in 2005.

Richard Adrian Jarrell (1946-2013), a professor and historian of science, was born in the United States on 29 August 1946. He received his BA from Indiana University in 1967, where he majored in history and minored in astronomy and the history and philosophy of science. He then moved to Toronto to attend the University of Toronto’s Institute for History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, graduating with an MA in 1969 and a PhD in 1972. Jarrell’s graduate studies focused on 16th century astronomy, the history of technology, and medieval philosophy and science. One of the Institute’s first PhD graduates, his dissertation was entitled “The life and scientific work of the Tübingen astronomer Michael Mästlin, 1550-1631”.

Jarrell’s association with York University began in 1970 with his work as a tutor and marker in the Department of Science Studies at Atkinson College. He would stay at Atkinson College until 1997, where he moved from course director to full professor in what would become the Department of Natural Science. In 1997, Jarrell became a professor in the Faculty of Science and Engineering’s Division of Natural Science. His university service was extensive and included his positions as chair of Atkinson College’s Department of Natural Science (1986-87, 1990-1994) and coordinator of the Program in Science and Technology Studies in the Faculty of Science and Engineering (2006-2008, 2011-2013).

Widely considered an expert in the history of Canadian science, Jarrell was the author of “The Cold Light of Dawn: a History of Canadian Astronomy” (1988) and “Educating the Neglected Majority: the Struggle for Agricultural and Technical Education in 19th Century Ontario and Quebec” (2016). He co-edited a number of books including “A Curious Field-Book: Science and Society in Canadian History” (1974), “Science, Technology and Canadian History” (1980), “Critical Issues in the History of Canadian Science, Technology and Medicine” (1983), “Science, Technology and Medicine in Canada’s Past: Selections from Scientia” (1991), “Building Canadian Science: the Role of the National Research Council of Canada” (1992), “Dominions Apart: Reflections on the Culture of Science and Technology in Canada and Australia 1850-1945” (1995), and “Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers” (2007). He was also a prolific contributor of biographical and other entries for science- and astronomy-related encyclopedias and dictionaries and was the author of six textbooks.

In addition to his teaching and writing, Jarrell was the founding editor of the “HSTC Bulletin” (later “Scientia Canadensis”) (1976-1988), a member of the “Social Studies of Science” editorial board (1986-2002), and a member of the “Atkinson Review of Canadian Studies” editorial board (1982-1987). He was a co-founder of the Canadian Science and Technology Historical Association and a member of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science, the History of Science Society, the Royal Astronomical Society, the American Astronomical Society, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the International Astronomical Union. Jarrell’s interest in horticulture and environmental preservation led to his involvement with committees and organizations in the Markham and Thornhill areas, including the Markham Conservation Committee, Markham Environmental Alliance, and the Thornhill Garden and Horticulture Society.

Jarrell became the first non-astronomer elected to be a member of the Canadian Astronomical Society in 1975. He was appointed a life member of the Royal Canadian Institute in 1990, received Ontario Volunteer Service Awards in 2002 and 2004, and became a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine in 2013.

Richard Jarrell died on 28 December 2013.

Dr. Carl E. James is known for his work in Toronto's marginalized communities, and for his work, nationally and internationally, in research on equity as related to race, class, gender and citizenship.

Emigrating from Antigua, James volunteered and worked with youth in Toronto as early as the 1970s at organizations such as the Black Education Project, Harriet Tubman Centre, Central Neighborhood House (working in Regent Park, St. Jamestown and Moss Park neighbourhoods) (1978-1980, 1987), and the Family Service Association in Etobicoke (1981-1983).

He pursued his education at York University and obtained a Bachelors (Hon.) in Sociology and Latin American & Caribbean in 1978, a Masters in Sociology in 1980, and a Doctorate in Sociology in 1986. Between 1980 and 1981, James completed courses in Graduate Social Work from the Faculty of Social Work at the University of Toronto.

In 1993, he joined York University's Faculty of Education. He has been cross-appointed to the graduate programs in the Department of Sociology since 1999, the Graduate Programmes in Social Work from 1995 to 2016, and Social and Political Thought from 2015. He has also been Visiting Course Director in the Department of Teacher Training at the University of Uppsala in Sweden from 1997 - 2013 where he taught an international course in Multicultural Education.

James combined his experience in community development work and advocacy with his academic and research interests to work with teacher candidates, faculty colleagues, teachers and community members in the Jane and Finch community, where since 1994, he has played a major role in the development of the York-Westview Partnership program that links local schools, the university, and the Jane/Finch community.

A prolific writer and researcher, James has authored, co-authored, edited and co-edited some 21 books, 75 book chapters, 38 journal articles, over a dozen educational resource material, many conference papers, and invited lectures, talks, and workshops. A number of his works are in Swedish and French. His first book (1990), Making It: Black Youth, Racism and Career Aspirations in a Big City remains an important reference on issues about identity construction and schooling of Black youth. In some of his recent publications, James has examined social, education and immigrant settlement issues in the Caribbean and Jamaica and Antigua in particular, and immigrant settlement and minority issues in Sweden.

His work focuses on the experiences of racialized youth, particularly African Canadians. His research and publications into experiences of difference due to race, ethnicity, class, and culture range from studying the schooling and university plans of students from urban and suburban neighborhoods, the complementary and contradictory nature of sports in the schooling and educational attainments of racialized students, to the social construction of marginalized males in relation to the racialization and norms of masculinity in schooling, and the capacity of multiculturalism as a state policy to address racism and discrimination. His interest in equity, diversity, inclusivity, and social justice informs his research and publications, including his examination of the educational performance and outcomes of students in higher education, and the importance of educational programs and curriculum that are responsive to the needs, interests, and aspirations of students. Areas of focus include the Jane and Finch neighbourhood, suburban areas in Toronto, and Canada.

Prior to his appointment to York University, his teaching experience includes positions at Ryerson Polytechnic Institute's Department of Sociology (1982-1983, 1988), Seneca College's Liberal Studies and Continuing Education Departments (1981-1989), Humber College's Continuing Education program (1990-1994), and Sheridan College an Instructor (1986-1993).

James has also held a number of visiting scholar/part-time course director appoints at Trent University's Department of Canadian Studies (1993), Queen's University's Geography Department (2001-2003, 2005, 2008) University of Western Sydney's School of Education (2003), Dalhousie University's School of Social Work (2006), University of Toronto's Graduate Program in the Faculty of Physical Education & Health (1996-2009), Mt. St. Vincent's University's Faculty of Education (2007, 2012), and the University of Alberta's Department of Educational Policy Studies (2015).

James was the university's Affirmative Action Officer from 2003 to 2006, the director of the Graduate Programme in Sociology from 2007 to 2008, the founding Director of the York Centre for Education and Community from 2008 to 2016, and the Affirmative Action, Equity and Inclusivity Officer of the university since 2016. In 2016, he was appointed for a five-year term as the Jean Augustine Chair in Education, Community & Diaspora, bringing a strong record of scholarship and community engagement to the position.

Examples of James' community service includes being appointed as an Advisor to the Ontario Minister of Education and Premier(2017-2018), a member of the Committee Advisory group of the Ontario Human Rights Commission (2017-), served on the Advisory Panel on Community Safety to the Toronto Police Services Board (2008-2009), member of the Board of Directors for the Youth Challenge Fund (with the United Way of Greater Toronto) (2006-2009), member of the Board of Directors for the Urban Alliance on Race Relations, Toronto (1997-1998), Advisory/Planning Committee for Alternative School (Nighana) with focus on African Studies (1995). He has also served on the board of the Joint Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration & Settlement (2003-2009, chair in 2008) and on the Equity Committee of the Canadian Association of University Teachers (CAUT) (2000-2009). He was also a member of the Executive Committee, & Chair, Equity & Diversity Committee the Royal Society of Canada (RSC) (2015-2018); and of the Equity Committee, Canadian Sociological Association (CSA), 2013 - 2016. Internationally, he serves a member of the National Advisory Committee of the National Conference on Race and Ethnicity in Higher Education (NCORE), University of Oklahoma, USA (2017- ).

His honours and awards include membership as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (2012), the Diaspora Award for Meritious Service from the Governor General of Antigua & Barbuda (2017), York Universit's Graduate Faculty Teaching Award (2017), Jackie Robinson Fortitude Award for Education (2014), Harry Jerome Award for Professional Excellence (Black Business and Professional Association (2013), African Canadian Achievement Award (Education) (2009), William P. Hubbard Award for Race Relations, City of Toronto (2008), New Pioneer Award: Skills for Change (March 2006), and President's Award of Excellence in Teaching, Sheridan College (1991). He has been included in the Who's Who in Black Canada (2006) and Canadian Who's Who (since 1998). In 2006, James received an Honourary Doctorate in Education from Uppsala University, Sweden.

Sarah Lilliane Harbron, dietician, graduated from Lillian Massey in 1912 and was a pupil of Ms Violet M. Riley. She was one of the first college-trained dietitians (University of Toronto) in Ontario. She served as an organizing dietitian during the First World War in the Soldiers’ Civil Re-establishment Commission, Department of Militia, for returned and crippled soldiers in military hospitals. Harbron also supervised the menus for all of the Military Hospitals Commission’s western Canadian units.

In 1917, Harbron opened the first working women’s cafeteria in Toronto in the old YWCA building in downtown Toronto which was used by young business women. In mid-1918 she established the YWCA’s national working camps for women workers on farms. In 1921, she married Tom Harbron who she met in 1917 at Knox College building on Spadina Avenue which had been converted into a military hospital.

During the Second World War, she was the Director of the National Board of the YWCA and helped the organization of the Farm Service Force camps for teenage girls who were harvesting crops in the Niagara Peninsula. She continued to be an active member of the North Toronto YWCA Board.

Harbron also served as the first woman alternate delegate to the Toronto Synod of the church of England and in 1954 she was vice chairman of the advisory council.

Tom Harbon, an administrative medical officer, joined RAMC in Darlington in northern England in 1909. He immigrated to Toronto from Britain in 1912. Despite never completing high school, he joined the local militia, the 13th Cavalry Field Ambulance, and in 1916, he was promoted from non-commissioned rank to quartermaster becoming one of the very few World War I medical corps officers who was not a doctor or surgeon.

As a part of the Canadian Army Medical Corps, he was in charge of administering the military hospitals in the large Toronto Military District of 1917-1919. In 1919, Tom officially enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force at Givens Street Barracks in Toronto, retaining his rank of Captain and still being based at the Training depot. He remained there until demobilisation in July 1920.

In 1921, he married Sarah Lilliane Peace whom he met in 1917 at Knox College building on Spadina Avenue which was converted into a military hospital. The same year, he bought a defunct company called Diamond Cleaners and Soaps Ltd. and ran the business which manufactured and sold industrial cleaning material in bulk to hospitals and other institutions.

Nancy Barbara Fleming was born in 1931 to Barbara Ellen and Gordon McCullough Chisholm, and spent her childhood in West Toronto Junction. She studied commercial arts at Western Technical High School, and married Allan Robb Fleming in 1951. They lived in London, England from 1953 to 1955 and visited Europe while Allan studied graphic design and worked in advertising, and Nancy worked as an office manager for a nylon stocking manufacturer. They met Canadian poet Richard Outram and his eventual wife, artist Barbara Howard, while in London, and they remained lifelong friends. Upon their return to Canada, Allan set up a freelance business and became creative director of the typesetting firm, Cooper & Beatty. Nancy became a mother and for the next 20 years brought up her three children while being an executive wife as Allan moved through senior posts at MacLaren Advertising and the University of Toronto Press. Nancy administrated Allan's busy freelance consultancy, and handled the financial management of graphic design and corporate branding projects. When Allan and Nancy separated in 1976, Nancy found work as the Toronto office co-ordinator for John Roberts, Pierre Elliot Trudeau's Secretary of State. When Roberts was not returned in the 1979 election, she accepted the post of Executive Director for the Canadian Book and Periodical Development Council, which she held until her retirement in 1999. Her extensive work in publishing advocacy and lobbying, freedom of expression, and copyright policy, as well as her defence of Canadian content in books and magazines, were exemplary and passionate. She was instrumental in organizing the Freedom of Expression Committee and Freedom to Read Week, as well as the Canadian Children's Book Centre. She made important contributions to the infrastructure and support of publishing and bookselling in Canada. Her work with the Book and Periodical Council, the Canadian Copyright Institute and Give the Gift of Literacy helped underpin initiatives such as the national Freight Plan for book shipments and the royalty payments of the League of Poets, and contributed to the survival of independent publishers in Canada. Nancy Fleming was chief executive of the Book and Periodical Council from 1979 to 1999, and a laureate of the Canadian Library Association award for the Advancement of Intellectual Freedom in Canada. She died in Toronto on February 24, 2008.

Gerda Wekerle is a professor and community advocate. Born in 1947 in Heidelberg, Germany, she was educated at York University and received her PhD. D. (Sociology) from Northwestern University in 1974. A professor in the Faculty of Environmental Studies, Wekerle began her teaching career at York in 1972, where she also teaches courses in the School of Women’s Studies and the Graduate Programme in Geography. Wekerle is a prolific writer, as well as an activist and consultant at the local, national, and international levels. Her work has focused on topics such as housing, women and environments, urban public policy, social planning, social policy, transportation, urban development, qualitative research methods, and women and public policy.

Marc Egnal (1943- ), a member of the History Department at York University, began teaching in 1960 following the completion of his doctoral work at the University of Wisconsin. He is the author "A mighty empire: the origins of the American Revolution," (1988), and articles on revolutionary-era politics.

Bernard Zukerman is an investigative journalist, documentary and feature film maker. He was born in 1943, and he is a graduate of Osgoode Hall Law School. Zukerman joined CBC Television in 1973 to develop story ideas for the dramatic series, "For the Record" before joining CBC Winnipeg's Current Affairs Department. In 1975, he returned to Toronto to become producer of the "5th Estate". In 1981 as Senior Editor of CBC's "Journal", he created the programme's documentary unit. Zukerman left the "Journal" to join CBC's Drama Department where his mandate was to develop Canadian dramas that drew on his experience as an investigative journalist and documentarian. His films have won numerous Gemini Awards including awards for "And Then You Die", "Skate!" and "The Squamish Five". "Love and Hate: The Story of Colin and JoAnn Thatcher" (1990) won five Gemini Awards and was the most watched entertainment program of the year as well as being the first foreign program ever sold to an American network. Other films, such as "Conspiracy of Silence" and "Million Dollars Babies" have similarly appeared on television in both Canada and the United States. His other films included "Dieppe"(1994), "Million Dollar Babies" (1994), "Net Worth" (1995), "The Sleep Room" (1998) and "Heart: The Marilyn Bell Story" (2001).

Gerald L. Gold (1945-2016) was born in Canada and educated there and in the United States, obtaining his PhD from the University of Minnesota (1972). Following teaching assignments at Guelph and Laval universities (1970-1975), he joined the Department of Anthropology at York (1976) and served as department chair (1984-1987). He is the author of several studies dealing with French-speaking minorities in North America including, 'Saint-Pascal: changing leadership and social organization in a Quebec town' (1975), 'The role of France, Quebec and Belgium in the revival of French in Louisiana schools' (1980), and others. His recent interest in northern communities is reflected in his work on Timmins, and the publication, 'Inter-group relations and the organization of ethnicity in a northern resource community' (1984).

Donna Davey, writer, director, and producer, was born in Toronto on 22 July 1940. She was educated at the University of Toronto and studied theatre and acting at the Ken Gass Theatre Lab in 1961-1962. She worked in advertising from 1963 to 1967 before beginning her career in film as a field producer/director with the CBC in 1970 and was a production assistant and assistant director for TV Ontario from 1970 to 1973. Davey created her own company, Preece Productions, in 1974, which was later renamed Davey Productions after her maiden name. She has written, directed and produced numerous programs that have aired on VISION TV, CBC, TVO and other stations. Among her productions, "Helen Lucas ... her journey - our journey," was awarded the Gold Plaque for Best Documentary at the Chicago International Film Festival while "Locked in - locked out" won the Golden Sheaf in Canada and Special Jury Award from Women in the Director’s Chair, Chicago. Her other productions include "Michele Landsberg ... iron in her soul" and "The story of Job & family business," among others.

Theresa Burke is a Canadian producer, director, researcher and writer best known for her work for the Canadian Broadcasting Company (CBC) television program "The fifth estate". Burke attended the University of Nantes, the University of Ottawa and the University of Alaska before obtaining an Honours BA in Philosophy from the University of Toronto. She worked as a director of public relations and corporate communications at Alliance Entertainment and as a director of marketing for Norstar Entertainment between 1987 and 1990. In 1994, Burke joined "The fifth estate" as a researcher and subsequently became one of the program's producers and directors. She has produced a wide variety of documentary programming for "The fifth estate", with a particular focus on prisoners and miscarriages of justice. Burke was a research associate for Julian Shur's book about Steven Truscott, "Until you are dead: Steven Truscott's long ride into history" (2001), which won the 2002 CAA Birks Family Foundation Award for Biography, and co-wrote "Who killed Ty Conn" (2001) with Linden MacIntyre. "His word against history," a "Fifth estate" documentary about Steven Truscott on which Burke worked extensively as a researcher and producer, was awarded the best investigative report of 2000 by the Canadian Association of Journalists.

The Childbirth by Choice Trust, founded in 1982, was the research arm of CARAL, the Canadian Abortion Rights Action League (founded in 1973 as the Canadian Association for the Repeal of the Abortion Law and renamed in 1980) and disbanded in 2005. The purpose of the organization was to educate the public on the issues of birth control, abortion and, family planning, and to advocate for legal and easily available abortion services in Canada.

Frances Helen Dafoe (b. 1929) is a costume designer and former Olympic figure skater. A former World Figure Staking champion, she won a silver medal (for pairs with partner Norris Bowden) at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. She was awarded the Order of Ontario in 1990 and the Order of Canada in 1991 in recognition of her contributions to costume design and sport in Canada. She is also a recipient of the Confederation medal and the Golden Jubilee medal.

Dafoe was a graduate of Branksome Hall and Central Technical High School in Toronto, where one of her teachers was artist Doris McCarthy. She also attended Parsons School of Design in New York.

After her retirement from professional figure skating, Dafoe worked a costume designer for the CBC, where she contributed to such television series and specials as "The Wayne and Shuster Show", "The Royal Canadian Air Farce", The NHL Awards, and various dance or figure-skating specials. She also designed the costumes for the closing ceremonies of the Olympic Winter Games in Calgary in 1988.

A long-time collaborator with choreographer Alan Lund, Dafoe worked on stage productions at the Charlottetown Festival, as well as performances by the Royal Winnipeg Ballet and numerous figure skating productions featuring Kurt Browning, Elizabeth Manley, Brian Orser and Toller Cranston.

Also a free-lance designer, Dafoe has created costumes for many professional performers, dancers and figure skaters, including Karen Kain, Michael Burgess, Alan Thicke, Al Waxman, Sharon, Lois & Bram, Kristi Yamaguchi, Scott Hamilton, Elvis Stojko, Isabelle Brasseur and Lloyd Lloyd Eisler, Katarina Witt, Elizabeth Manley and Kurt Browning.

Dafoe was nominated for a Gemini Award for costume design for such works as "Return to the beanstalk", "The true gift of Christmas", "I'll never go to heaven" and "You must remember this." She received an Ace award for costume design for her work on "Rich Little's Robin Hood", a Golden Gate award at the San Francisco International Film Festival for her work on "Strawberry ice" and a Prix Anik Award for her costume designs in the television productions of "Strawberry ice" and "Return to the beanstalk."

In 2011 Dafoe published a book "Figure skating: eight centuries of sport and inspiration." She is married and has two children.

Charles Templeton (7 October 1915-), broadcaster, author and former evangelist, was born in Toronto and attended the Princeton Theological Seminary from 1948-1951. He received his D.D. from Lafayette College in 1953. From 1932 to 1936 he was a sports cartoonist with the Globe and Mail in Toronto. He was ordained at the Church of the Nazarene in 1938 and was appointed Minister, Avenue Road Church, Toronto where he remained from 1941 to 1948. From 1952-1954, Templeton was Secretary of Evangelism, National Council of the Churches of Christ, U.S.A.. He was also host of "Look Up and Live" for the CBS Network from 1952 to 1955 and Director of Evangelism, Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. from 1955-1957. Templeton was a moderator, director and/or performer on many CBC and CTV-TV programs between 1957 and 1972 and was Executive Managing Editor of the Toronto Star from 1959 to 1964, a position he resigned from in order to contest the Liberal Party Leadership in Ontario. He was defeated but remained as Vice-President of the Party for the 1964-1965 year. He was President of Technamation Canada Ltd. in 1966, Director of News and Public Affairs for CTV from 1967-1969 and co-hosted "Dialogue" with Pierre Berton on CFRB radio from 1964-1966 and CKEY from 1966-1983. He is the recipient of several ACTRA awards for his career as a journalist and has had numerous plays performed on the CBC, the BBC and the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation. He is also the author of over ten books. He received the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal in 1992.

Margaret Laurence (1926-1987), writer, was born in Neepawa, Manitoba and educated at United College in Winnipeg, Manitoba (BA 1947). Following her marriage to John Laurence (1947), she lived in Somaliland and the Gold Coast (now Somalia and Ghana), in the 1950s. Laurence returned to Canada in 1957. She moved to England in 1962 and returned to Canada in 1969. In 1974 she settled in Lakefield, Ontario. Laurence served as a writer-in-residence at the University of Toronto in 1969 and was named chancellor of Trent University (Peterborough, Ontario) in 1981. Laurence was a founding member of the Writers Union of Canada, but left the organization in a dispute over its acceptance of money from the Canadian government. Active in peace organizations and intensely interested in women's concerns, Laurence views and works did cause controversy. Her books drew criticism from certain elements in Laurence's adopted community. This group tried to have books removed from the school curriculum because of their alleged pornographic content.

Margaret Laurence was the author of five novels, including the Manawaka quartet (The Stone Angel, A Jest of God, The Fire Dwellers, The Diviners), short stories, essays, travel memoirs and children's books. She was named a Companion of the Order of Canada (1971) and was awarded the Molson Prize in 1975.

English architectural critic and author

Victor Albert (Tommy) Thompson was born in England in 1920 and moved to Canada in 1947 with his wife, Isobel Allen. After his retirement in 1985 he attended York University (Toronto, Ontario) as a full-time student from 1986-1994, obtaining both his BA and MA in history. His MA thesis was based on the People or Planes (POP) Commitee's efforts to stop the Pickering airport. Thompson and his wife were personally involved with POP, Isobel as Publicity Director and Tommy as Vice-Chairman of the organization.

The University Women's Club of North York received its charter as the first suburban club and 70th member of the Canadian Federation of University Women in October 1951. The impetus for the establishment of this club came from Grace Morgan in conversation with some of her apartment building neighbours. These initial discussions led to an organizational meeting attended by Morgan and nine others at her home on October 18. The inaugural meeting, attended by 20 graduates, was held on October 31 and officers were elected including Margaret Wright as the first President and Morgan as Honourary President. In a short time, membership was up to 53 and this increased to 400 by 1976. The UWCNY offers a variety of opportunities for the intellectual enrichment of its members through general meetings, lectures, study and interest groups in areas such as money management, current events, art appreciation and book studies. Since 1954, through its scholarship fund, the club provides bursaries and awards to local area female students attending post-secondary institutions.

Zdenka Volavka, art professor and research associate at the Royal Ontario Museum, was born in Czechoslovakia and received her PhD from Charles University, Prague. She immigrated to Canada in 1968, and was Professor in the Department of Visual Arts, York University. Her research focused on analyzing the social context of visual art, material culture, history, and ethnography of west-central Africa. Her approach to studying African art combined extensive fieldwork with ethnographic, historical, scientific and linguistic analysis. Zdenka also studied the role of copper in the lives of the peoples of the lower Zaïre basin.

Her life's work was inspired by a trip in 1976 to the Musee de l'Homme in Paris, where she recognized the regalia of Ngoyo kinship labelled (for more than forty years) as a fishing basket. This was particularly important as no permanent regalia from any kingdoms in the whole of Central African have been recovered and only one set had ever even been seen by a foreign researcher. This research was published posthumously in "The Crown and the Ritual: The Royal Insignia of Ngoyo".

At York University, a research fellowship is honoured in her name to assist students engaged in field-based art historical research, which may include comparative study through collections as well as field activities, focusing on the art of the indigenous peoples of Africa and/or North America.

She is survived by her husband, Larry Landa, and son, Robert Landa.

Eric Koch (1919-2018), writer, broadcaster and professor, was born on 31 August 1919 in Frankfurt, Germany. He left Germany for England as a refugee in 1935 where he attended Cranbrook School in Kent from 1935 to 1937 and later St. John's College, Cambridge from 1937 to 1940. In May 1940, he was interned as an "enemy alien" and later transported to Canada where he remained interned until 1941, following which he continued his studies at the University of Toronto. He began his career as a broadcaster with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in 1944 when he joined the German Section, International Service (RCI) based in Montreal. From 1953 to 1967, he was a member of the Department of Talks and Public Affairs in Toronto. He was promoted in 1967 to Area Head, Arts and Science and was responsible for the creation of a large number of radio and television programmes. From 1971 to 1977, he served as regional director (Montreal). He retired from the CBC in 1979 to devote himself to writing. He is the author of ten books of fiction, many of which were published in Germany, and four books of non-fiction including "Hilmar and Odette", which was awarded the Yad Vashem Prize for Holocaust Writing in 1996. He was a course director at York University in the Social Science Division where he taught a course on The Politics of Canadian Broadcasting for over 15 years.

Barry Callaghan (journalist, poet, literary critic, novelist, film maker, teacher, editor, publisher, and translator) was born in Toronto on 5 July 1937 to prominent Canadian author Morley Callaghan and Loretto (Dee) Callaghan. He grew up in the Annex, showing a particular aptitude for music and sports. The family moved to Rosedale in 1951, and within three years, Callaghan was exploring the night life of Yonge Street and Porters Hall on College Street, the city's only Black dance hall; these experiences would play an important role in his short stories and poems. Callaghan enjoyed success as a basketball player, a sport that took him to Assumption College (now the University of Windsor). By 1957 he had written his first poem, "The outhouse," which was published in the college's magazine. He joined Canadian Press (Broadcast News) as a reporter for the summer of 1958. After selling his short story, "The muscle," to CBC Radio Windsor in early 1959 and spending the summer reporting for CBC's television news, Callaghan enrolled in St. Michael's College at the University of Toronto. He earned his Master's degree in 1963, a year that also included regular appearances on CBC Radio to discuss books, and his marriage to Nina Rabchuck. He moved back to television in 1964, joining "Show on shows" (later known as "The umbrella") hosted by abstract expressionist painter William Ronald. His work for the show included interviews with several prominent writers, such as Marie-Claire Blais, Margaret Laurence, John Updike, and Patrick Kavanaugh. His first article of literary criticism on the work of Laurence was published in "Tamarack review" in 1965, when he left the doctoral program at the University of Toronto to accept a position as lecturer with Atkinson College at York University. Callaghan wrote and performed in the film, "The blues," featuring live performances by several musicians including Brownie McGhee and Sonny Terry during 1966 and 1967. His involvement with mass media expanded in 1967, when he was appointed literary editor for "The Toronto telegram," one of the city's daily newspapers. Callaghan travelled across the country with Pierre Elliott Trudeau in 1968, leading to an extensive article in the "Telegram." Callaghan regularly appeared on television at this time, co-hosting "The public eye" with Peter Jennings, Norman Dapoe, and Jean Sauve. His career expanded into film making in 1969. Works include documentaries on social and political change in Quebec and the Chicago Eight (later Seven) trial. Films on Israel, the Black September War and Palestine, an interview with Golda Meir where Callaghan challenged Israeli policies, and an interview with Angela Davis (charged with conspiracy and murder due to her connections with the Black Panther Party) led to strong reactions; he was fired by the CBC, compelled to resign from the "Telegram," and experienced difficulty gaining tenure at York University in 1971. Harry Crowe, Dean of Atkinson College, successfully championed Callaghan's pursuit of a continuing appointment, and provided support and initial funding for Callaghan to start "Exile : the literary quarterly." His visit to Israel in 1969 also led to his involvement with Israeli actress Saya Lyran, which gave inspiration for "The Hogg poems and drawings" published in 1978. He subsequently became involved with CBC researcher and artist Claire Weissman Wilks, whose book of drawings was the first title published by Callaghan's Exile Editions in 1976. After a film making visit to South Africa later that year that included his imprisonment by secret police and expulsion, Callaghan's career focused on writing short stories and articles for "Toronto life" and "Punch" magazines, translating nine books of poetry and prose by writers such as Robert Marteau and Miodrag Pavlovic, appearing on CTV's "Canada AM" until 1979, when he became host of CITY TV's "Firing line" and "Enterprise," publishing his own poetry, writing a memoir, "Barrelhouse kings" (1998), revisiting work he had written between 1964 and 2004 through two volumes of collected essays, "Raise you five" (2005) and "Raise you ten" (2006), and nurturing an appreciation for horse racing. He won several awards for his creative work, including National Magazine Awards, an ACTRA award for best television host, the CBC Award for fiction, an International Authors Festival Literary Award, and the Toronto Arts Award for Writing. His work received considerable international attention, leading to invitations to lecture in Europe and Cuba, and his appointment as Writer in Residence at the University of Rome in 1989. Several of his books have been translated into seven languages including French, Italian, and Croatian. Callaghan retired from York University in 2003, and transferred control of "Exile : the literary quarterly" and Exile Editions to his son, Michael, in 2005 and 2006.

Lauretta Thistle (1917- ) journalist, was born in Nova Scotia and educated at Mount Allison University (BA). She moved to Ottawa and was employed in government departments during World War II prior to joining the 'Ottawa citizen' as assistant music and drama critic in 1947. Two years later she became music and drama editor, and chief critic for the paper. She took an interest in other art forms and by 1960 was concentrating solely on dance reviewing, both for the 'Citizen,' and as a regular contributor to 'Dance news'. In the 1970s she began writing for 'Dance in Canada,' covered dance events for the Southam newspaper chain, and contributed to 'Dance encyclopedia,' and a German annual on dance.

Germain Bazin (1901-1990), museum curator, author and teacher, was appointed research professor at York University in 1971, remaining there until 1976. He had previously served on the staff of the Louvre and was chief curator there, 1951-1965. He also taught at the University of Brussels, l'Ecole du Louvre, and was the author of numerous widely-translated monographs and articles, including Le Mont-Saint-Michel (1933) and Historie generale de l'art (1953).

John Montgomery Barber (1938-1974), educator, social and political activist and lawyer, was a co-founder of the Don Vale Community Centre and of the Point Blank School, a fre school. Both were located in Toronto. He was also a member of the National Council of Welfare. Barber was a professor at Osgoode Hall Law School, 1967-1974

"The International Theatre Institute ITI is the world’s largest performing arts organization founded in 1948 by theatre and dance experts and UNESCO. Dedicated to performing arts, ITI advances UNESCO’s goals of mutual understanding and peace and advocates for the protection and promotion of cultural expressions, regardless of age, gender, creed or ethnicity. It works to these ends internationally and nationally in the areas of arts education, international exchange and collaboration, and youth training.[2] ITI organizes the International Dance Day and World Theatre Day every year at the UNESCO, Paris.[3][4]" (Wikipedia)

Dr. Edwin Clarence Guillet was born in 1898 in Coburg, Ontario and educated at the Coburg Collegiate Institute, the University of Toronto (B. A. 1922, Economics and Political Science) and at McMaster University (B. A. 1926, English and History; M. A. 1927, History). He taught for thirty-three years at the Lindsay Collegiate Institute, at the Central Technical Institute, and at the Eastern High School of Commerce in Toronto. During this time he was also appointed Historiographer of the Department of Education of Ontario and wrote twenty published monographs, numerous articles for Canadian newspapers, magazines, and journals, as well as his fifty volume 'Great Canadian Trials' series. Dr. Guillet died in 1975.

The Association of Cultural Executives was founded in 1976 as a voluntary organization. Its purpose is to encourage the development of professional cultural executives in Canada and to manage Canada's cultural resources. It has both individual and associate memberships, produces the newsletter 'ACE news', the quarterly, 'Management matters', and the annual, 'Arts administration and cultural management programs in Canada'.

Christopher Fraser Beattie (1941-1977) was a professor of sociology at the Atkinson College of York University. He obtained a B.A. with honours in sociology from Carleton University in 1963, an M.A. in Sociology from the University of Toronto in 1964, and a Ph.D in sociology from the University of California (Berkeley) in 1970. His doctoral thesis was "Minority in a Majority Setting: Middle-Level Francophones at Mid-Career in the Anglophone Public Service of Canada". His areas of specialization were the Canadian society, ethnic relations, sociological theory and research design.

Morris Katz (1901-1987), educator, scientist and author, was born in Kiev and emigrated to Canada as a child. Educated at McGill University (PhD 1929), Katz was employed as a research chemist at the National Research Council (1931-1947) and at the Defence Research Board of Canada (1947-1955). He then worked as a consultant before becoming director of Environmental Assessment, Occupational Health Division, of the Department of National Health and Welfare (1956-1965). In the latter year Katz became a professor in the Graduate School in Sanitary Science and Engineering at Syracuse University. He joined the Chemistry Department and the Division of Natural Science at York University in 1969. In 1980 he was named Professor Emeritus at York.

In addition to his work as an academic and for the Canadian government, Katz served on numerous committees and as a technical consultant. He served with the Technical Advisory Board on Transboundary Air Pollution for the International Joint Commission (1949-1965), on the Expert Advisory Panel on Air Pollution for the World Health Organization (1964-1973), and on the Air Pollution Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (1960-1962). He also was an editor and member of the Intersociety Committee, an umbrella body of American scientific and engineering societies with an interest in the measurement and analysis of air sampling and pollutants. Katz acted as a consultant on air and water pollution to the World Bank, the Ontario Department of Mines (with special interest in the nickel smelters of Sudbury) (1947-1965), and the International Nickel Company. Katz was the author of many articles, book chapters, research bulletins and reports dealing with environmental issues, specifically the impact of air pollution on vegetation, water and the development of monitoring devices to measure air and water quality.

Stephen McKenna (1888-1967), author, was born in England and educated at Oxford University (MA 1914). His writing career was launched in 1912 with the publication of 'The reluctant lover'. He produced several novels of manners which were popular in the United Kingdom between the wars. An inveterate traveller, McKenna was in Africa, South America and the Caribbean during the 1920s and 1930s. He is the author of 'Sonia,' (1917), 'The education of Eric Lane,' (1921), 'The magic quest,' (1933), and several other titles.

James Mavor (1854-1925), educator and author, was born and educated in Scotland. He was the second professor of political economy at the University of Toronto, beginning his appointment in 1892. Mavor was instrumental in assisting the emigration to Canada of the Doukhobors in 1916.

Jeanne Lillian Randolph (1943- ), art theorist, writer and psychiatrist, was born in Morgantown, West Virginia, and grew up in Orange, Texas. She was educated at the Agnes College for Women in Decatur, Georgia (1961-1962) and attained a Bachelor of Arts in English language and literature from the University of Chicago in 1965. Randolph attended medical school at Columbia University in New York City (1966-1968) and at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles (1968-1970). An opponent of the Vietnam War, Randolph became a Canadian permanent resident in September 1970 and resumed her medical studies at University of Toronto, graduating in 1974. As a resident in psychiatry between 1975 and 1980, Randolph worked at the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Hospital and Toronto General Hospital. After completion of her residency in 1980, Randolph was an associate staff psychiatrist in the Department of Psychiatry at Toronto General Hospital and lectured at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto.

By the late 1970s, Randolph had begun writing about art using her background in psychoanalytic theory to develop what she termed "ficto-criticism". Her writing includes texts for many art exhibition catalogues and articles published in Canadian art periodicals such as "Vanguard", "Parachute", "Artforum", and "C magazine". Randolph's first book, "Psychoanalysis & synchronized swimming" was published in 1991, followed by "Symbolism and its discontents" (1997), "Why stoics box: essays on art and society" (2003), "Ethics of luxury: materialism and imagination" (2007), and "The critical object" (2010). Her writing has also appeared as chapters in numerous anthologies and other publications. Since the 1990s, Randolph has lectured/performed across Canada and appeared in multimedia art projects.

In addition to lecturing in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Randolph also taught art theory courses at the Ontario College of Art and Design (1993-1996) and at the University of Manitoba (2004-2005). She served on the curatorial advisory committee of the Power Plant Gallery at Toronto's Harbourfront Centre (1986-1990), on the board of directors for the Beaver Hall Artists' Cooperative (1990-1995), and was a board member of Toronto Arts for Youth (1998-2002).

Rutger Johannes Pieter (Roger) Kuin (1941- ), a native of The Hague, joined the Department of English at York University in 1969 as a lecturer, being named associate professor in 1975. Kuin is a Renaissance scholar and has written extensively on Sir Philip Sidney and the sonnet form. He served as chair of the Inter-College Curriculum Committee (1975-1976) and as chair of the Tenure and Promotions Committee of his department (1976-1978).

Enid Rutland cooperated with Margaret Laurence in the production of 'The collected plays of Gwen Pharis Ringwood,' (1982).

Alfred Beverley Philip Lever (1936- ) received a Ph.D. from the University of London in 1960. He joined the Chemistry Department of York University in 1967. Lever was named professor in 1972 and served as director of the graduate programme in chemistry from 1969-1976. Prior to his tenure at York, Lever taught at the University of Manchester's Institute for Science and Technology, and served as a research associate at Ohio State University. He is the author of 'Inorganic electronic spectroscopy,' (1968, 1984), co-editor of the 'Physical bioinorganic chemistry,' monograph series (1983-1989), 'Phthalocyanines - principles and applications,' (1989- ), and served as editor of 'Coordination chemistry reviews,'. He has lectured at several international symposia and served as a visiting professor and lecturer at several universities around the world.

Merle Shain (1935-1989), author, was born and educated in Toronto (BA, BSW, University of Toronto, 1957, 1959), and employed as a feature writer by the 'Toronto telegram,' associate editor of 'Chatelaine' [magazine], and as a columnist by the 'Toronto sun'. She was a host of the CTV Network program, 'W5', and served for four years as a member of the board of the National Film Board of Canada. Shain was the author of 'Some men are more perfect than others,' (1973), 'When lovers are friends,' (1978) and 'Courage my love,' (1988).

T.J.A. Le Goff (1942- ), began teaching at York University in 1969 as a lecturer and subsequently attained the rank of full professor in the department of history in 2002. He was educated at the University of British Columbia (BA (Hons) 1965) and the University of London (PhD 1970). His research interest is in seventeenth and eighteenth-century rural society in France. He is the author of several studies, including 'Vannes and its region: a study of town and country in eighteenth-century France,' (1981), and editor of 'Vannes aux debut de la Revolution,' (1989).

The Ruskin Literary and Debating Society was established in Toronto in 1900 as a voluntary organization devoted to literature and discussion of topics of the day. The second meeting of the Society witnessed debates on government ownership of railways, canals and gas companies. James Simpson, the Toronto labour politician was a member of the Society in its first decade. While it continued to meet annually throughout the century, by the 1960s the membership began to decline, and reforms to the constitution were introduced, the result of which led to a revitalization of the society in the 1970s. In the 1980s' topics of debate at society meetings included, an elected senate for Canada, the banning of nuclear arms, the reinstatement of capital punishment, immigration laws, and the Meech Lake constitutional proposal. The officers of the Society include an honourary president, a secretary, a historian, and a critic whose role is to offer criticism of the members' debating styles, arguments and presentation. The society holds an annual banquet, and bequeaths prizes to members in the areas of best essay, and best debating skills. Each meeting of the society is presented with a programme of discussion topics.

James Paton Isaac (1895-1964), educator and author, was born in and educated in Toronto and at Harvard University where he received the PhD. He later taught Ancient History at the University of Colorado and at Oklahoma State University. Isaac was the author of 'Factors in the ruin of antiquity; a criticism of ancient civilization,' (1971).

Susan Ioannou, teacher, editor and writer, was born in Toronto in 1944 and educated at the University of Toronto where she received a B.A. and an M.A. in English Literature in 1966 and 1967, respectively. She has worked as an English Specialist for Bloor Collegiate Institute and has served in various editorial positions for publications including "Coiffure du Canada", "Cross-Canada Writers' Quarterly/Magazine" and "The Arts Scarborough Newsletter. She has given numerous presentations to writers' groups, as well as workshops for the Toronto Board of Education, Ryerson University, and the University of Toronto School of Continuing Education. She founded Wordwrights Canada in 1985 and from 1988 to 2001 ran The Poetry Tutorial writer's correspondence course. She now works as Executive Editor of ClearTEXT Rewriting and Editing. She is the author of numerous collections of poetry including "Clarity Between Clouds" and "Where the Light Waits" as well as the literary study "A Magical Clockwork: The Art of Writing the Poem". Her poems have also been published in various anthologies, magazines and journals.

George Stewart Henry (1871-1953), farmer and politician, was premier of Ontario, 1930-1934 and minister of Highways and Public Roads in the Ferguson Cabinet (1923-1930). He was the Conservative member of the Legislature for Simcoe North (1913-1943) and leader of the party (1930-1937).

Dorothy Henderson was born in 1916. She was a long time member of the Margaret Laurence Home Committee Inc., serving at various times as its Secretary, Curator and President. She also authored two books about Laurence, 'Margaret's Special Places in Neepawa' and 'Writer in Residence'.

Arthur Hackett was a director of the YMCA and vice president of William R. Orr Co. Hackett and was interested in establishing a second university in the Toronto region. He served on the Organizing Committee of York University in 1958-1959.

Douglas George How (1919- ), journalist and author, was born and educated in Canada. He worked as a reporter with the Moncton 'Times' before joining the Canadian Press bureau in Halifax (1940). Following service as a war correspondent for CP, How joined then in the- Parliamentary Press Gallery as a CP reporter (1945-1953). He served as executive assistant to Robert Winters, minister of Public Works (1955-1957), then with 'Time' magazine in Canada and United States. How was managing editor in Canada for 'Reader's digest' (1959-1969). How is author of a regimental history, 'Canada's mystery man of high finance,' (Izaak Killam), and of other works.

Harry Knowles Girling (1919- ) was educated in England (Oxford) and taught at the University of Witwatersrand, South Africa, 1948-1971. He joined the Department of English at York University in 1971 as a specialist in nineteenth-century fiction and structures of narrative fiction. He served on several University committees and as a member and officer of the Canadian Association of American Studies. He is the author of several scholarly articles. Professor Girling retired from York in 1984.

James McPhail Gillies (1924- ), educator, author, and politician, was the first dean of the Faculty of Administrative Studies at York University, 1966-1972, and served as University vice president, 1966-1969. Prior to that time he had been on the faculty of the University of California at Los Angeles, 1951-1965. While in Los Angeles, he served as vice chairman of the Redevelopment Agency of the City of Los Angeles and other boards. Gillies has been a director of several industrial and commercial companies. He was chairman of the Ontario Economic Council, 1971-1972. Elected to the House of Commons in 1972, Gillies served as a member of the Progressive Conservative caucus and as that party's Energy and Finance critic during his seven years in the Commons. He resigned his seat in 1979 and served as senior policy advisor to the Prime Minister (Clark), 1979-1980. In the latter year he returned to York to take up responsibilities as professor of policy studies and director of the Max Bell Business Government Studies Programme in the Faculty of Administrative Studies. Gillies is the author of studies on metropolitan land use, industrial policy and economic questions, including 'Boardroom renaissance: power, morality and performance in the modern corporation,' 'Where business fails,' (1981), 'Facing reality: consultation, consensus and making economic policy for the 21st century,' (1986), and others.

Since the 1970s, the Canadian union movement has produced extensive documentation on equity-related issues. This material often had an ephemeral existence as unions lacked resources to preserve and provide access to the documents, and there was no labour library to collect it. In order to promote access and to raise consciousness about important union sources, Professor Linda Briskin, a feminist and union activist, began collecting these documents in the 1970s. Professor Briskin received her Bachelor of Arts degree from McGill University in 1970, taught English and history at the secondary school level from 1971 to 1975, and became involved in the nascent English-speaking women's movement in Montreal. She moved to Toronto to pursue graduate studies with York University's Department of Social and Political Thought, leading to a Master's degree in 1977 and a Ph.D. in 1986. Briskin worked as a Teaching Master at Sheridan College from 1976 to 1986, and was the Director of its Centre for Women from 1980 to 1982. Briskin joined York University's Division of Social Science in July 1986, and was appointed to the Faculty of Graduate Studies for the Women's Studies Programme in 1992. She has held a cross-appointment to the School of Women's Studies since 2001, and was a Guest Researcher in Stockholm, Sweden, from 1992-1994. Her teaching has focused on women's studies (in particular feminist theory, women organizing, and women and society), and was recognized with awards in 1998, 1999, and 2004. Briskin has been an active member of unions, taking part in International Women's Day committees, helping to organize the first provincial women's committee for the Ontario Public Service Employees Union in the 1970s, and co-chairing the Status of Women Committee of the Ontario Confederation of University Faculty Associations in 1990-1992. This concern regarding women and unions was also reflected in Briskin's research and writing, which focused on: unions, globalization, and women's power; equity bargaining and bargaining equity; feminist organizing with a focus on socialist feminism; worker militancies; pedagogies and power; and privileging agency (a strategy for women's studies in troubled times). This collection is a product of Briskin's research in these areas. She wrote to the large Canadian unions on an annual basis, requesting any new material that dealt with women and equity-related issues. Briskin compiled her first bibliography on these topics for "Union sisters : women in the labour movement," co-edited with Lynda Yanz (The Women's Press, 1983), and has written or edited several articles and books on equity, collective bargaining, feminism, public policy, women, and unions.

Otto Friedman (1905-1978), born and educated in Prague, emigrated to England in the 1930s where he served the Czechoslovak government-in-exile during the German occupation of his native country. He taught in English universities (London, Oxford, Reading) following graduation from the London School of Economics in 1947 and he worked as a management consultant in London prior to moving to Canada in 1968. In Canada he taught at the University of Western Ontario, the University of Waterloo and the University of Toronto, 1968-1971. In the latter year he joined the faculty of York University as a visiting professor in the Division of Social Science and the Faculty of Environmental Studies where he remained until his death in 1978. Friedman was the author of several books, articles, and lectures in the fields of sociology, organizational theory and practise, and psychology, and produced Czech translations of several works of Freud. His own titles included 'The dangers of fascism,' (1931), 'The break-up of Czech democracy,' (1950, 1971), as well as lectures on 'Productivity in retailing and staff management,' (1956), 'Management ideologies and organizational change,' (1967) and others. In addition he was an avid chess player and contributed newspaper articles, and television and radio programmes on the game while living in Toronto.

Gladys Forrester (1914-1998) was a dancer, teacher and choreographer who began her dance studies in New York in the late 1930's. She was an Advanced Member of Royal Academy of Dancing, England and a graduate of the Chicago Association of Dancing Masters. She joined the Winnipeg Royal Ballet in 1943 and danced with the Volkoff Canadian Ballet, Toronto Festival Dancers and performed in the movie, The Red Shoes. In addition, Forrester was a World Highland Champion and also coached others. Forrester taught at the Canadian School of Ballet and was director of the Gladys Forrester School. She also choreographed much of the early work for CBC Television. In recognition of her lifetime achievements, Forrester was honoured with the Presidents Award by the Royal Academy of Dancing in 1998.

Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis (1890-1959) was twice premier and attorney general of Quebec, in the period 1936-1939 and again in 1944-1959. A Conservative member of the provincial legislature, he rose to take over that party in 1931, attracted dissident Liberals and nationalists and introduced the Unione Nationale Party for the 1935 election. The following year the Liberal government was defeated and Duplessis became premier as head of the UN. Although he lost the next election, Duplessis was returned to power in 1944 and was re-elected in three ensuing elections. Duplessis was known in Quebec as an ardent nationalist who frustrated federal government plans to enact a more centralist national government in the 1940s and 1950s while at the same time passing social legislation and building a public infrastructure (schools, roads, hospitals) on an unprecedented scale in Quebec. He died in office in 1959.

Madiha Didi Khayatt was born in Egypt and spent her early years in Cairo. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the American University in Cairo before emigrating to Canada in 1967. Khayatt became a secondary school teacher, and continued her education by earning a Master of Arts degree from McMaster University, and a Master of Education degree from the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education/University of Toronto. She quit teaching to pursue her doctorate at the University of Toronto, where her course work awakened a commitment to feminism. Khayatt's thesis examined the lives of nineteen lesbian teachers within the context of an education system intended to deliver mainstream societal values, as well as issues of sexual identity within public and private spheres and protection of equal rights to employment. This work was published by the State University of New York Press in 1992 as "Lesbian teachers : an invisible presence." Khayatt was appointed to York University's Faculty of Education with a cross appointment with Women's Studies. Her teaching focused on feminist pedagogy, and her research included topics such as race, class, sexuality, social justice, and same sex love between women in Egypt. Khayatt served as Co-ordinator of the Women's Studies Programme at Glendon College from 1991 to 1993, Director of the Centre for Feminist Research from 1998 to 2001, and Advisor to the President on gay, lesbian, bisexual, transsexual, and queer issues from 2002 to 2005. Professor Khayatt received the Canadian Association for the Study of Women and Education Achievement Award in 2008 her her contributions to feminist education and theoretical knowledge production.

J. L. (Jack Lawrence) Granatstein is a historian, author, educator and defence and foreign policy commentator. He is the author of several works on Canadian military and political history, including 'Sacred trust? Brian Mulroney and the Conservatives in power,' (1986), 'Pirouette: Pierre Trudeau and Canadian foreign policy' (1990), and studies of Mackenzie King.

He was born in Toronto in 1939 and attended Toronto public schools, Le Collège Militaire Royal de St-Jean (Grad. Dipl., 1959), Royal Military College, Kingston (B.A., 1961), University of Toronto (M.A., 1962), and Duke University (PhD., 1966). He served in the Canadian Army (1956-1966), then joined the History Department at York University, Toronto (1966-1995) where, after taking early retirement in 1995, he is Distinguished Research Professor of History Emeritus.

His activities outside of York are numerous. In 1995, Jack Granatstein served as one of three commissioners on the Special Commission on the Restructuring of the Canadian Forces Reserves, and in 1997, he advised the Minister of National Defence on the future of the Canadian Forces. He served as the Director and CEO of the Canadian War Museum (1998-2001), after which he joined the museum's advisory council. Granatstein has served as a member of the Royal Military College of Canada's Board of Governors. He is also co-chair of the Council for Canadian Security in the 21st Century and co-chair of the Advisory Committee of the Canadian Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute. In 2003 Granatstein was the J. B. Smallman Visiting Professor at the University of Western Ontario. Granatstein has held the Canada Council's Killam senior fellowship twice (1982-4, 1991-3), was editor of the Canadian Historical Review (1981-1984), and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1982- ). The Royal Society awarded him the J.B. Tyrell Historical Gold Medal (1992) "for outstanding work in the history of Canada," and his book The Generals (1993), won the J.W. Dafoe Prize and the UBC Medal for Canadian Biography. He has been awarded honorary doctorates by Memorial University of Newfoundland (1993), the University of Calgary (1994), Ryerson Polytechnic University (1999), the University of Western Ontario (2000) and McMaster University (2000). The Conference of Defence Associations Institute named him winner of The Vimy Award "for achievement and effort in the field of Canadian defence and security" in 1996. He is an Officer of the Order of Canada (1997).

Robert Dennis Cuff (1941-), educator and author, is a professor of history at York University (1978- ). Formerly, he taught at the University of Rochester (1967-1978) where he specialized in business-government relations and Canadian-American relations. He is co-author and editor of several works including 'Enterprise and national development (1971), 'The War Industries Board: business-government relations during World War I,' (1973), 'Canadian-American relations in wartime: From the Great War to the Cold War,' (1975) and 'An American history reader,' (1988).

Fraser Barry Cooper (1943- ) is a professor of political science at the University of Calgary. He formerly taught at York University (1970-1981) in the Department of Political Science as well as at Duke University (1967), where he obtained the PhD (1969), and at Bishop's College (1968-1970). Cooper is the author of several books including 'Deconfederation: Canada without Quebec' (1991) with David Jay Bercuson, 'Action into nature: an essay on the meaning of technology,' (1989), 'The end of history,' (1984), 'Merleau-Ponty and Marxism,' (1981) and others.

Charles Bothwell Pyper (1885-1975), journalist, was born in Ulster, Ireland. He emigrated to Canada as a young man but returned to his native country to fight in World War I. Following the war, he began his journalism career as an editor and columnist with the 'Regina daily province', later moving to the 'Saskatoon star, the 'Winnipeg tribune' and then the 'Toronto telegram' in 1933. At the 'Tely' he served as a editorial writer, foreign and war correspondent. He covered the Spanish Civil War, World War II (from London and the front) and later the San Francisco meetings inaugurating the United Nations and meetings of the UN in New York. Pyper was the author of 'Chamberlain and his critics: a statesman vindicated,' (1962) and 'One thing after another,' (1948) a memoir.

H. Roy Merrens (1931- ) is a Professor of Geography at York University, where he has taught since 1968. He was educated at University College, London (BA (Hons.) 1954), University of Maryland (M.A.1957), and University of Wisconsin (Ph.D.1962). Merrens is the author of a number of articles and books, including Regions of the United States (1974) and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment in North America (1980). He served as a member of the Toronto Harbour Commission from 1973-1978 and was Chairman for one year. In addition, he is a founding member of both Forward 9, a citizen's association in Ward 9 and Citizens for a Better Waterfront and has been Chairman of the Waterfront Task Force. As a concerned citizen, he has a special interest in the use and development of Toronto's waterfront and as a geographer has directed students in field studies and tutorials on waterfront land use. As a member of Forward 9, he led a research team that produced and distributed copies of novel maps entitled People's Guide to the Toronto Waterfront and People's Guide to Ward 9. He is also involved in numerous waterfront issues and has distinguished himself in the role of watchdog and spokesperson on matters affecting the waterfront. In recognition of his achievements, Merrens was awarded a Medal of Service from the City of Toronto in 1980.

Linda Pyke (1948-1979), author and poet, died following an accident, at the age of 31. She was a part-time student at York University at the time of her death. Pyke was the author of 'Prisoner,' (1978) a collection of poetry.

Murray George Ross (1910-2000), educator and author, was born in Canada and educated there and in the United States, receiving the Ed.D from Columbia University (1949). He returned to Canada to teach in the School of Social Work, University of Toronto and he served as vice president of that school from 1957-1960. In the latter year he was named president of York University, remaining in that position until 1970 when he became a professor of social science and president emeritus. Ross is the author of several works dealing with community organizations and higher education including, 'Community organization: theory and principles,' (1955), 'Canadian corporate directors on the firing line, '(1980), 'The new university,' (1960), 'The university: the anatomy of academe,' (1976), and a memoir, 'The way must be tried: memoir of a university man,' (1992). Ross has also served on the board of directors of several charitable and corporate bodies and has been awarded several honorary degrees from Canadian universities. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada (1979), and of the Order of Ontario (1988), and was awarded the 125th Anniversary of Confederation of Canada Medal (1992).

Fernand Ouellet (1926- ), author and educator, was educated at Laval University (PhD 1965). He taught at Laval University, Carleton University and the University of Ottawa (1961-1985) prior to joining the History Department at York University in 1986. Ouellet has been recognized as a major contributor to the historical understanding of Canada and has received numerous prizes, awards and honours including the Tyrell Medal of the Royal Society of Canada (1969), the Governor General's Award for non-fiction (1977), the Sir John A. Macdonald prize of the Canadian Historical Association (1977) and others. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada serving as honorary secretary 1977-1980. Ouellet served as President of the Canadian Historical Association (1970) and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada (1979). He was also the editor of 'Histoire sociale/social history,' (1971-1988). Ouellet is the author of several works on the history of nineteenth-century French Canada including 'Histoire economique et sociale du Quebec, 1760-1850,' (1966), 'Le Bas-Canada, 1791-1840,' and 'Louis Joseph Papineau, un etre divise,' (1960).

William Morley Kilbourn (1926-1995), educator, author, and politician, was born in Toronto, and educated there, in Great Britain (Oxford MA 1954), and in the United States (Harvard PhD 1957). He taught at Harvard (1953-1955) and McMaster University (1955-1962), prior to joining York University in 1962 as chair of the Division of Humanities and professor of history. In addition to his academic career, Kilbourn has served on the boards of several community organizations, including the Art Gallery of Ontario (1970-1976), the Young People's Theatre, and the Toronto International Festival. Kilbourn was an alderman in the City of Toronto (1970-1976), and sat on the Metropolitan Toronto Council (1973-1976). He is the author of several books including, "The firebrand: William Lyon Mackenzie and the rebellion in Upper Canada" (1956), "The elements combined: a history of the Steel Company of Canada" (1960), "The making of the nation" (1966), "Canada: a guide to the peaceable kingdom" (1970), "C.D. Howe: a biography" (with Robert Bothwell, 1979), "Toronto remembered" (1984), and "Intimate grandeur: 100 years at Massey Hall" (1993). He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1980), and was named a Member of the Order of Canada (1993). He died on 4 January 1995.

Michael Hans Kater is a distinguished research professor of history at Atkinson College, York University and the author of several books on Nazi Germany. He was born in Zittau, Germany July 4, 1937 and came to Canada as a teenager. He was educated at St.Michael's College H.S; University of Toronto (B.A. 1959, M.A. 1961); University of Munchen and University of Heidelberg (Phd 1966). Professor Kater was first employed as a lecturer at the University of Maryland (1965-1966). He joined York University in 1967 and held the positions of Assistant Professor (1967-1970), Associate Professor (1970-1973), and Professor (1973-1991) before becoming Distinguished Research Professor in 1991. He was also the Jason A. Hannah Visiting Professor of the History of Medicine at McMaster University from 1985-1986. Kater has sat on many committees of the American Historical Association and the editorial boards of various leading historical journals. He is the author of numerous articles and 8 books, such as Das "Ahnenerbe" der SS 1935-1945: Ein Beitrag zur Kulturpolitik des Dritten Reiches (1974); The Nazi Party: A Social Profile of Members and Leaders, 1919-1949 (1983); Doctors Under Hitler (1989); and Different Drummers: Jazz in the Culture of Nazi Germany (1992). In recognition of his scholarly achievements, Kater was named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1988) and was awarded its Jason A. Hannah Medal (1991) for his book, Doctors Under Hitler. In addition, he has been awarded the Guggenheim and Canada Council Killam fellowships and the Konrad Adenauer Research Award of the Federal Republic of Germany (1990-1991).

A retired Canadian ballet dancer, and currently the Artistic Director of the National Ballet of Canada.

The Committee for an Independent Canada was established in 1970 by Walter Gordon, Peter Newman and Abraham Rotstein to promote Canadian economic and cultural independence. Many of the proposals offered by the Committee were eventually made into government policy including the establishment of the Foreign Investment Review Committee, the Canadian Development Corporation, and Petro Canada. The Committee was disbanded in 1981.

Jerome Ch'en (1919- ), teacher and author, was a professor at York University 1971-1987, serving in the Department of History, and later as the director of the University of Toronto/York University Joint Centre on Modern East Asia (1983-1985). He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1980) and in 1984 was named Distinguished Research Professor at York. Professor Ch'en (PhD London, 1956) was a scholar in the field of Chinese history and his many publications in the area include 'The highlanders of Central China: a history 1895-1937,' (1992), 'Mao and the Chinese Revolution,' (1965) which was translated into several languages, 'The military-gentry coalition -- the warlords period in modern Chinese history,' (1980) as well as translations of others works, edited collections, and several articles in scholarly journals and conference proceedings. Professor Ch'en retired from York in 1987.

The Canadian Theatre Review was Canada's first quarterly theatre journal and was established at York University in 1974 as a publishing project of the Faculty of Fine Arts and the Department of Theatre. It grew out of a Theatre Department publication called the York Theatre Journal which began in about 1970. Both publications were initially edited by faculty members Don Rubin and Ross Stuart.

The first issue of CTR appeared in January 1974 and it set the model for the journal's issues thereafter: themed issues, a full-length playscript, short essays on a variety of subjects and book reviews. Within 24 months, the journal expanded into theatre book publishing and began using the more comprehensive designation CTR Publications. In addition to the journal,

CTR Publications, under Rubin's general editorship, published some two dozen separate volumes including the archival series "Canada on Stage" (1974-1988), the four-volume "Canada's Lost Plays" series and historical volumes such as Toby Gordon Ryan's "Stage Left: Canadian Theatre in the Thirties". In 1982, Rubin turned the editorship over to Robert Wallace of Glendon College and its production to the University of Toronto Press.

When Wallace left as editor, the publication was taken over by the University of Guelph and edited by Alan Filewod, a Guelph Theatre professor and a graduate of the York Theatre Department when the journal first began.

The British Canadian Trade Association (formerly Canadian Association of British Manufacturers and Agencies) was a British trade lobby group. Organized in 1951, the Association had offices in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver. The organization was made up of approximately four hundred British firms operating in Canada. It sought to promote trade between the two countries, represent the interests of its members to the federal and provincial governments, to publicize the activities and products of its members and to foster good relations between all receiving or offering goods and services in either country. Forced to close its offices in the 1970s, BCTA was re-named British Canadian Trade Associates by 1980.

Brigadier-General George Gray Bell was a Vice-President at York University, Professor of Strategic Studies and decorated Second World War veteran. He was born in Toronto on May 24, 1920 and enlisted in the Canadian Army in 1940. In 1943, he graduated from the Royal Military College and served in the Netherlands and Germany in the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps (RCAC). Bell remained in the army after the war serving around the world in various capacities. He earned his PhD in International Relations from McGill University in 1972. In 1973, Bell became Assistant Deputy Minister to the Minister of the Treasury, Economics and Intergovernmental Affairs in the Government of Ontario. In 1976, he was appointed Executive Vice-President and Professor of Strategic Studies at York University. At York, Bell also founded and became the first President of the Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies (CISS). From 1984 until its dissolution in 1987, he was a founding director of the Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security (CIIPS). He received the Order of Canada in 1989. After his retirement Bell was the Honourary President of the RCAC Association, and he remained a senior research fellow at York until 1996. Bell died in Toronto, Ontario on October 15, 2000.

Earle James Beattie, journalist, teacher and author, was born in 1916. He was a professor in the Social Science Department at Atkinson College. He played an important role in establishing the journalism school at Ryerson Polytechnical Institute in Toronto and taught at University of Western Ontario in London, Ont. He wrote many articles in Maclean's and Chatelaine, and published Canada's Billion Dollar Pension Scandal (1985). He died in 1992.

Edgar Tilden Alberts (1905- ), businessman, was president of the Toronto Flying Club in the 1950s and sat on the Organizing Committee and later the Provisional Board of Governors of York University (1957-1959). Alberts was invited to Moscow in 1955 and 1956 to view the Soviet air show and in 1958 he was part of a business delegation that travelled to Moscow to investigate Canadian business opportunities there. He organized a second trip to Moscow in 1964 that was attended by representatives of several major Canadian companies.

A contemporary dance choreographer, director, dancer and educator. She founded the Hilary Easton + Company in 1992. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_Easton)

Norman Penner (1921- ), educator and author, was born in Winnipeg and educated at the University of Toronto (PhD 1975). He was employed as a full-time officer of the Communist Party of Canada (1938-1941), and later held a similar position with the Labour-Progressive Party (1947-1957). He did not embark upon an academic career until 1972, when he joined the staff of the Glendon College Department of Political Science. In 1990 he was named Professor Emeritus at Glendon. Penner is the author of several books and articles on the Left in Canadian history including, 'The Canadian Left: a critical analysis,' (1977), 'Canadian communism: the Stalin years and beyond,' (1988), and 'From protest to power: Canadian social democracy, 1900-1992,' (1992).

Albert Edward Kemp (1858-1929) was a Toronto sheet metal manufacturer. He served as the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for East Toronto, 1900-1908, and 1911-1921. He was chair of the Purchasing Commission (1915-1916), Minister of Militia and Defense (1916-1917), and Overseas Military Forces (1917-1920). He was appointed to the Senate in 1921.

"Anthony (Tony) Richmond, professor emeritus at York University and one of the founders of York’s Department of Sociology. Richmond was born in Ilford, England. At the age of 18, he earned a scholarship to the London School of Economics (LSE), which he deferred until the end of the war. He joined the Friends Ambulance Unit in 1943 and served in hospitals and citizens’ advice bureaux in London, as ill health prevented him from serving abroad. After earning his BA at the LSE, Richmond began a master’s degree at Liverpool University, studying the city’s community of West Indian workers.

His first job was as a lecturer in social theory in the Department of Social Study at the University of Edinburgh, during which he published his first book, The Colour Problem (1955). The second edition of this book, published in 1961, included a new chapter on apartheid in South Africa, and brought him his first international recognition, stirring considerable controversy. His critical account had him and the book banned in South Africa until the country’s first free elections in 1994.

After a short spell at the Bristol College of Advanced Technology, he received his PhD from the University of London in 1965, and moved to Toronto with his wife, Freda, and young daughter, Catriona, and became a founding member of York’s Department of Sociology. Shortly afterward, he established the department’s graduate program and served as its first director. He also served as the director of York’s Institute of Behavioural Research (now the Institute of Social Research) from 1979 to 1983. In 1980, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He was active in recruiting the next cohort of young sociologists to the department from Britain, the U.S. and Canada.

At York University, he pursued studies of immigration and immigration policy, ethno-cultural assimilation and the comparative study of immigrant and ethnic communities. He was the author of 10 books and 17 book-length monographs, over two dozen book chapters, more than 60 referred articles, and many other invited papers and commentaries.

Richmond served on many departmental and university committees, especially in York’s formative years, including a President’s Task Force on the Role & Development of Research and the Faculty of Arts Academic Planning & Policy Committee. He retired in 1989. The Blishen-Richmond Award, named for two of the Department of Sociology’s distinguished retirees, is presented annually to outstanding honours sociology graduates.

Richmond was a deeply committed public intellectual. His work on immigration and immigrant assimilation influenced the revisions of Canadian federal immigration policy in the 1960s and early 1970s. He had a lifelong commitment to research on racism, publishing pioneering studies, and placing racialization at the centre of his research on immigrant and refugee diasporas. His last book, Global Apartheid: Refugees, Racism and the New World Order(1994), returned to themes that ran throughout his work, arguing that late 20th century mass migrations and refugee movements were being met with a form of global apartheid as North America, Europe and Australasia instituted repressive policies to restrain the movements, largely treating them as threats to their territorial integrity and privileged lifestyles. He was a founding member of the York Centre for Refugee Studies in which he actively participated after his formal retirement, publishing several articles, including his last in 2008 in the journal Refuge."

Graham Reed (1923-1989) educator and author, was born and educated in the United Kingdom, receiving his PhD from Manchester University in 1966. After a brief teaching career in England, he emigrated to Canada in 1969 and joined the Psychology Department at Atkinson College, York University as chairman. He later served as dean of Graduate Studies (1973-1981), chair of the Department of Psychology, Glendon College (1982-1988), and was made a University Professor in 1984. Reed was the author of several scholarly works in the field of psychology, including 'The psychology of anomalous experience,'(1972) and 'Obsessional experience and compulsive behaviour,' (1985). He was also author of the novel, 'Fisher's Creek,' (1963), and the posthumous 'Walks in Waziristan,'.

Wayne Scott Ray (1950- ), poet, was born in Alabama, United States and grew up in Stephenville, Newfoundland and Woodstock, Ontario. He is the founder of HMS Press, a book distribution company. He has served as secretary/treasurer of the Canadian Poetry Association (1985-1988) and was a co-chairman of the League of Canadian Poets. He served as the curator of the Field horticultural photographic collection. In 1988 he established the London chapter of the Canadian Poetry Association and in the following year he was recipient of the Editors' Prize, 'Canadian author and bookman', for best poet published in 1989.

Sukanya Rahman (b. 1946) is an Indian classical dancer, and the daughter of Indrani Rahman (1930-1999), a renowned dancer who toured internationally. Also the granddaughter of Raagini Devi, the American dancer who went to India and danced during the 1930s and was instrumental in the revival of the Indian classical dance arts. Sukanya wrote a memoir of her family "Dancing in the Family: an unconventional memoir of three women", published in 2004. Rahman is a performer and teacher of Odissi dance, a form of Indian classical dance originating from the eastern state of Orissa in India.

Robert M. Laxer (1915-1998) was a psychologist, professor, author, and political activist. Laxer was born in Montreal, Quebec in 1915. He graduated from McGill University with a B.A. in 1936 and an M.A. in 1939. He later received his doctorate in clinical and learning psychology from the University of Toronto in 1962. Between 1938 and 1941, Laxer was a freelance journalist. He then served in the Canadian Army overseas. Upon his return from war service in 1947, Laxer continued freelance writing and research. In 1956, he became a psychologist at the Ontario Hospital in Toronto and went on to hold a joint appointment as a Special Lecturer in the Department of Psychology at the University of Toronto and as a Clinical Psychologist at the Toronto General Hospital between 1960 and 1964. After serving as an Assistant Professor at York University for a year, Laxer became Associate Professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education in 1965 and then Full Professor in 1968. He remained in this position until his retirement in 1980. In addition to teaching, Robert Laxer was involved in various Canadian political groups such as the New Democratic Party, the Waffle Movement, the Committee for the Canadianisation of the Petroleum Industry, as well as the Council of Canadians. In addition, Laxer wrote numerous articles and books mostly concerning Canadian politics. He also founded the political journal, Spectrum, in 1981.