Showing 3241 results

Victor Feldbrill, conductor and violinist, was born on 4 April 1924 in Toronto, Ontario. He studied violin privately from 1936 to 1943 with Sigmund Steinberg, music theory with John Weinzweig in 1939 and conducting with Ettore Mazzoleni in 1942 to 1943. He was the conductor of the University of Toronto Symphony Orchestra from 1942 to 1943 and first conducted the Toronto Symphony Orchestra in 1943 at the invitation of Sir Ernest MacMillan. Feldbrill served in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War and was stationed in London, England, where he furthered his studies in harmony and composition at the Royal College of Music and conducting at the Royal Academy of Music. Upon his return to Canada, he held the positions of concertmaster and assistant conductor (1945-1949) of the Royal Conservatory Symphony Orchestra and Opera Company and studied violin from 1946 to 1949 with Kathleen Parlow and received an artist diploma from the University of Toronto in 1949. During these years he also continued his studies in conducting at Tanglewood in the summer of 1947, and with Pierre Monteux in Maine in the summers of 1949 and 1950. He was a first violin with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra from 1949 to 1956 and with the CBC Symphony Orchestra from 1952 to 1956, which he also guest-conducted nineteen times. He founded the Canadian Chamber Players in 1952 and conducted them for several seasons in Hart House Sunday concerts and elsewhere. During the 1950s he also conducted for Ontario School Broadcasts and National School Broadcasts and freelanced as a violinist and conductor for many other CBC radio and TV programs. He was the founding conductor of the TSO's "Light Classics" series in 1972 and created the Toronto Symphony Youth Orchestra in 1974. Feldbrill has traveled widely as both a conductor and violinist. In 1979, he was invited to the Tokyo National University of Art and Music (GEIDAI), the first Canadian to be so honoured, and from 1982 to 1987, was the Principal Conductor of the Geidai Philhamronic. He also taught conducting at Geidai during this period and was made Professor Emeritus in 1987. In 1984, he became the first Canadian invited to conduct the Philippine Philharmonic in Manila. He has also visited China, the former Soviet Union and many other countries as guest conductor during his career. Feldbrill has won many awards for his work. In 1964, he became the first Canadian to receive the American Concert Guild Award for his encouragement of young performers and in 1967 became the first recipient of the Canadian Music Citation by the League of Canadian Composers. He was the recipient of the Roy Thomson Hall Award in 1985 and, in 1986, was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 1990, he was appointed Musical Director and Principal Conductor of Hamilton Philharmonic Orchestra. He received an honorary degree from Brock University in 1991. Feldbrill died on 17 June 2020.

The Jewish Student Federation of York University is a social and educational body for Jewish students at the university. It is governed by a Board of Directors made of student, faculty and general members elected at the annual general meeting. All Directors must be vetted by the Toronto Jewish Congress. The officers of the corporation include a Chair, president, a secretary-treasurer and such other officers as the Board shall appoint. Membership in the Federation is free upon application as either a student, faculty member or a member of the general
public, and each member enjoys voting privileges at all annual and special meetings of the membership.
The Federation promotes Jewish, Judaic and Israeli studies at York University and cultural exchanges with universities in Israel.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Elizabeth Robins (August 6, 1862 - May 8, 1952) was an actress, playwright, novelist, and suffragette. Elizabeth Robins, the first child of Charles Robins and Hannah Crow, was born in Louisville, Kentucky. After financial difficulties, her father left for Colorado, leaving the children in the care of Hannah. When Hannah was committed to an insane asylum, Elizabeth and the other children were sent to live with her grandmother in Zanesville, Ohio, where she was educated. It would be her grandmother who armed her with The Complete Works of William Shakespeare and her unconditional support on her endeavor to act in New York City. Her father was a follower of Robert Owen and held progressive political views. Though her father was an insurance broker, he traveled a lot during her childhood and in the summer of 1880, Robins accompanied him to mining camps and was able to attend theatre in New York and Washington along the way. Because of her intelligence, Elizabeth was one of her father's favorites. He wanted her to attend Vassar College and study medicine. At the age of fourteen, Robins saw her first professional play (Hamlet) which ignited her desire to pursue an acting career. From 1880-1888, she would have an acting career in America. After arriving in New York, Robins soon met James O'Neill, who helped her join Edwin Booth's theatre and by 1882, she was touring. She soon grew bored and irritated playing "wretched, small character parts" and in 1883 joined the Boston Museum stock company. It would be here that she met her future husband, George Parks, who was also a member of the company. In 1885 Robins married Parks. Although her husband struggled to get acting parts, she was soon in great demand and would be on tour throughout their marriage. Her refusal to leave the stage may have caused Parks to kill himself in 1888 by jumping off a bridge into the Charles River, stating in his suicide note, "I will not stand in your light any longer." Later that year, on September 3, 1888, Robins moved to London. "Her move to London represented a rebirth after personal tragedy in America." Except for extended visits to the U.S. to visit family, she remained in England for the rest of her life. At a social gathering during her first week in England, she met Oscar Wilde. Throughout her career, he would come see her act and give her critiques, such as in one of her roles in Frances Hodgson Burnett’s The Real Little Lord Fauntleroy in 1889. Wilde’s comment was “you have definitely asserted your position as an actress of the first order. Your future on our stage is assured.”

Early in her time in London, she became enamoured of Ibsen's plays. In 1891 a London matinee revival of A Doll's House put Robins in contact with Marion Lea. Together they would form a joint management, making this the “first step toward the theatre that Robins had dreamed of… a theatre of independent management and artistic standards." Finding work in “ ‘women’s plays’ written by men like Ibsen,” Robins and Lea brought strong female characters to the stage. George Bernard Shaw noted “what is called the Woman Question has begun to agitate the stage." Together Elizabeth Robins and Marion Lea brought Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler to the stage, for the first time ever in England. A Doll’s House “marked an important step in the representation of women by dramatists” and Hedda marked an important step for Elizabeth Robins, becoming her defining role. “Sarah Bernhardt could not have done it better,” wrote William Archer in a publication of The World. From then on, Hedda became synonymous with Robins on the English stage. Robins and Lea would go on to produce a handful of Ibsen’s other ‘New Woman’ plays, before they split. “The experience of acting and producing Ibsen’s plays and the reactions to her work helped transform Elizabeth over time into a committed supporter of women’s rights." In 1898, she joined forces with her new lover, William Archer, to create the New Century Theatre and again, they produced non-profit Ibsen plays. She became known in Britain as "Ibsen's High Priestess."

In 1902 she was Lucrezia in Stephen Phillips's Paolo and Francesca at the St. James's Theatre, London. Ending her acting career at the age of forty, Robins had made her mark on the English stage as not only an actress but an actress-manageress. Robins realised her income from acting was not stable enough to carry her. While Robins was busy being a successful actress, she had to leave England to look for her brother in Alaska, who had gone missing. Her experiences searching for her brother led her to write her novels, Magnetic North (written in 1904) and Come and Find Me (1908). Before this, she had written novels such as George Mandeville’s Husband (1894), The New Moon (1895), Below the Salt and Other Stories (1896) and several others under the name of C. E. Raimond. She explained her use of a pseudonym as a means of keeping her acting and writing careers separate but gave it up when the media reported that Robins and Raimond were the same. She enjoyed a long career as a fiction and nonfiction writer.

In her biography of Elizabeth Robins, Staging a Life, Angela John says, “It is possible to trace in Elizabeth’s writing from 1890s onwards an emerging feminist critique, clearly, but only partly, influenced by the psychological realism of Ibsen, which would find most confident expression in 1907 in her justly celebrated novel The Convert”. Robins’ main character, Vida, speaks to “male politicians and social acquaintances”, something very different from what the women of Robins’ time did - something very reminiscent of one of Ibsen’s ‘new women.’ Adapted from this novel is, Elizabeth Robins’ most famous play, Votes for Women! The first play to bring the “street politics of women’s suffrage to the stage”, Votes for Women! led to a flourish of suffrage drama. Elizabeth Robins first attended “open-air meetings of the suffrage union” when the Women’s Social and Political Union moved its headquarters from Manchester to London in 1906. It was then that she “abandoned” the current play she was writing and worked to complete the very first suffrage drama. “The more Robins became immersed in the work, the more she became converted to the cause”. She became a member of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, as well as the Women's Social and Political Union, although she broke with the WSPU over its increasing use of violent militancy. She remained a strong advocate of women's rights, however, and used her gifts as a public speaker and writer on behalf of the cause. In 1907 her book The Convert was published. It was later turned into a play that became synonymous with the suffrage movement. Robins remained an active feminist throughout her life. In the 1920s she was a regular contributor to the feminist magazine, Time and Tide. She also continued to write books such as Ancilla's Share: An Indictment of Sex Antagonism, which explored the issues of sexual inequality. She collected and edited speeches, lectures, and articles dealing with the women’s movement, some of which had never previously appeared in print (Way Stations, published by Dodd, Mead and Company, New York, 1913).

Robins was involved in the campaign to allow women to enter the House of Lords. Her friend, Margaret Haig, was the daughter of Viscount Rhondda. He was a supporter of women's rights and in his will made arrangements for Margaret to inherit his title. This was considered radical, as women did not normally inherit peerage titles. When Rhondda died in 1918 the House of Lords refused to allow Margaret, now the Viscountess Rhondda, to take her seat. Robins wrote numerous articles on the subject, but the House of Lords refused to change its decision. It was not until 1958 that women were first admitted to the House.

Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence credited Robins with explaining to him the difference between a suffragette and a suffragist. A beautiful woman, Robins was pursued by many men. She admitted to a deep attraction to her close friend, the highly respected literary critic and fellow Ibsen scholar, William Archer. As a married man Archer was unavailable, however. Except for her brief marriage to George Parks, she remained a fiercely independent single woman. Highly intelligent, she was welcomed into the cream of London's literary and artistic circles, enjoying friendships with George Bernard Shaw, Oscar Wilde, and Henry James, as well as a tempestuous romantic (but probably non-physical) relationship with the much younger future poet laureate John Masefield.

In 1900 she travelled alone to the gold rush camps of Alaska in search of her favorite brother Raymond Robins whom she feared was lost in the Yukon. After a long and arduous journey, she located Raymond in Nome. She shared his life in wild and lawless Alaska throughout the summer of 1900. Her adventures were not without cost - the typhoid fever she contracted at that time compromised her health for the rest of her life. Robins's tales about Alaska provided material for a number of articles she sent on to London for publication. Her best selling book, The Magnetic North, is an account of her experiences, as is The Alaska-Klondike Diary of Elizabeth Robins.

Although she rejected her father's plans for her to be educated as a doctor, she retained a strong interest in medicine. In 1909 she met Octavia Wilberforce, a young woman whose fervent desire to study medicine was thwarted by a family that felt intellectualism and professional careers were 'unsexing' for women. When Wilberforce's father not only refused to pay for her studies, but disinherited her for pursuing them, Robins and other friends provided financial and moral support until she became a physician. While some have conjectured that Robins and Wilberforce were romantically involved, such insinuation has never been supported by the considerable scholarly material available about both women, nor is it born out in their own copious written material. All evidence points to Robins and Wilberforce enjoying a relationship much like that of mother and daughter. In her declining years she developed a friendship with Virginia and Leonard Woolf. Dr Wilberforce, the great-granddaughter of William Wilberforce, the British emancipator of slaves, looked after Robins until her death in 1952, just months shy of her 90th birthday.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Robins .

The Division of Social Science is an interdisciplinary department within the Faculty of Arts, and was established as early as 1962 at York University. The Division offers undergraduate students the opportunity to study within host departments of the Faculty while also taking the interdisciplinary courses offered by the Division.
Courses offered through the Division include study in the fields of African Studies, Canadian Studies, Communications Studies, Comparative Studies - Third World, East Asian Studies, Health & Society, Labour Studies, Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Social Philosophy, Psychology, Urban Studies and others.
The Division has a Chair and a faculty complement, although many faculty are cross-appointed from other disciplines.

In 1980 the Educational Development Office was established. Its major activity was the Teaching Skills Programme, designed to aid lecturers and tutorial and seminar leaders with their teaching skills. The E.D.O. also co-operated with other Ontario universities in developing programmes for training university teachers. Janette Baker served as the Co-ordinator of the programme for most of this period. In 1989 the Educational Development Office was superseded by the Centre for the Support of Teaching.

Winters College, the third college established on the Keele Street campus of the University, was named after the first Chairman of the Board of Governors, Robert Winters, and opened in 1967. The College is affiliated with the Faculty of Fine Arts, and offers an interdisciplinary programme of study of both studio and theory courses in Fine Arts for students who are enrolled in other faculties. The Master is the senior College official and he is assisted by an Academic Advisor, Senior Tutor, Residence Tutor, College Fellows and the College Council, which is an elected body. The residences of the College have a Residence Council made up of representatives of the Floor Councils of the several residence floors. The College pub, the Absinthe, is operated by the College Council, and there is also a Book Room and an Art Gallery at the College. The York University Portuguese Association and the York Association of Mature Students are housed in the College, which is also host to the English Language Institute, which offers English as a Second Language courses.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Henry Duff Traill (14 August 1842 - 21 February 1900), was a British author and journalist.

Born at Blackheath, he belonged to an old Caithness family, the Traills of Rattar, and his father, James Traill, was the stipendiary magistrate of Greenwich and Woolwich Police Court. He was sent to the Merchant Taylors' School, where he rose to be head of the school and obtained a scholarship at St. John's College, Oxford. Initially destined for the profession of medicine, Traill took his degree in natural sciences in 1865 but then he read for the bar and was called in 1869. In 1871 he received an appointment as an Inspector of Returns for the Board of Education, a position which left him leisure to cultivate his gift for literature.

In 1873 he became a contributor to the Pall Mall Gazette, then under the editorship of Frederick Greenwood. He followed Greenwood to the St. James's Gazette when in 1880 the Pall Mall Gazette took for a time the Liberal side, and he continued to contribute to that paper up to 1895. In the meantime he had also joined the staff of the Saturday Review, to which he sent, among other writings, weekly verses upon subjects of the hour. Some of the best of these he republished in 1882 in a volume called Recaptured Rhymes, and others in a later collection of Saturday Songs (1890).

He was also a leader-writer for the Daily Telegraph and edited The Observer from 1889 until 1891, which experienced an increase in circulation during his time there. In 1897 he became first editor of Literature, when that weekly paper (afterwards sold and incorporated with the Academy) was established by the proprietors of The Times, and directed its fortunes until his death.

Traill's long connection with journalism must not obscure the fact that he was a man of letters rather than a journalist. He wrote best when he wrote with least sense of the burden of responsibility. His playful humour and his ready wit were only given full scope when he was writing to please himself. One of his most brilliant jeux d'esprit was a pamphlet which was published without his name soon after he had begun to write for the newspapers. It was called The Israelitish Question and the Comments of the Canaan Journals thereon (1876). This told the story of the Exodus in articles which parodied very cleverly the style of all the leading journals of the day, and was at once recognized as the work of a born humorist. Traill sustained this reputation with The New Lucian, which appeared in 1884 (2nd ed., with several new dialogues, 1900); but for the rest his labors were upon more serious lines. He directed the production of a vast work on Social England in 1893-1898; he wrote, for several series of biographies, studies of Coleridge (1884), Sterne (1882), William III (1888), Shaftesbury (1886), Strafford (1889), and Lord Salisbury (1891); he compiled a biography of Sir John Franklin, the Arctic explorer (1896); and after a visit to Egypt he published a volume on the country, and in 1897 appeared his book on Lord Cromer, the man who had done so much to bring it back to prosperity. Of these the literary studies are the best, for Traill possessed great critical insight. He published two collections of essays: Number Twenty (1892), and The New Fiction (1897). In 1865 his Glaucus, a tale of a Fish, was produced at the Olympic Theatre with Miss Nellie Farren in the part of Glaucus. In conjunction with Mr. Robert Hichens he wrote The Medicine Man, produced at the Lyceum in 1898. He died in London on the 21st of February 1900.

He also edited the Centenary edition of the Works of Thomas Carlyle (30 volumes, Chapman and Hall, 1896-1907), writing introductions to the various works.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Duff_Traill .

The Communist Party of Canada was founded in 1921 as a secret society and became a public party in 1924. Banned in 1940, it re-surfaced as the Labour-Progressive Party, returning to its proper designation in the latter part of the decade. Influential in trade unions, the Communist Party has had its greatest electoral successes in municipal politics, particularly in Winnipeg. It has suffered setbacks in the 1950s with the denunciation of Stalin and again in the 1980s with the decline of Communist parties in Russia and former Soviet-bloc countries.

The Faculty of Graduate Studies was established in 1962 and accepted its first students in 1964. In 1965 the faculty offered the Master 's and doctorate in psychology, biology, chemistry and physics. In the following year the first arts graduate programmes, in English literature and philosophy, were offered along with a Masters of Business Administration degree and a degree programme in experimental space science. By 1970-71 these had been joined by economics, geography, history, law, mathematics, political science, public administration, and sociology. By 1992-1993, the university offered thirty-three graduate programmes, eighteen of which offered the doctorate, in arts, pure and applied sciences, fine arts, and professional programmes. In addition, there are interdisciplinary programmes available in social and political thought, environmental studies, earth and space sciences, and a interdisciplinary master 's degree. In 1991 there were 2750 students enrolled in graduate programmes at York University with a teaching compliment of approximately 750. Between 1964 and 1971 the faculty had awarded almost 15000 degrees.

The Federation of Women Teachers' Associations of Ontario was established 3 April 1918, as a result of a meeting called by several local women elementary teachers' associations wishing to form a provincial organization. The FWTAO's original mandate included the promotion of the professional and financial status of women teachers in Ontario through the fostering of local associations and campaigning for a minimum annual salary. In addition to representing the financial and everyday workplace concerns of its membership, the FWTAO's mandate was extended to include curriculum reform, employment equity, and other issues related to sexual discrimination. As a consequence of a long series of legal challenges that began in 1985, based on the gender-exclusive nature of the Association, the FWTAO amalgamated with the Ontario Public School Men Teachers' Federation (OPSMTF) in 1998 to form the new Elementary Teachers' Federation of Ontario (ETFO).

The Toronto Musicians' Association (TMA) was founded in Toronto, Ontario on December 2, 1887 under the name of the Toronto Orchestral Association (TOA) with the objective of providing a labour union for musicians in the City of Toronto. The TOA changed its name to the Toronto Musical Protective Association (TMPA) in 1894. The TMPA originally only initiated members of the orchestral community into its association, although in 1897 initiation rights were extended to the bandsmen of the city.

On 15 June 1901, the TMPA became part of the American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM) and became its Local 149 while also retaining its own constitution and operating rights. Fees paid to the TMPA included a one-time initiation fee to the AFM. In April 1952, AFM's International Secretary granted the TMPA's request of a name change to the Toronto Musicians' Association.

The TMA's Executive Board, which became its board of directors September 1952, is responsible for the administration of the association. Regular board meetings are held as well as general meetings for the association.

Several funds were set up for the benefit of the members: the Benevolent Fund, first mentioned in 1889, provided members with relief funds in times of need. The funds were administered through the Relief Committee. The TMA maintained three other funds for its membership: the General Fund, the Contract Defence Fund, and the Health, Education, and Welfare Fund. Through the AFM, TMA members also were able to into a pension fund.

In January 1932, "The Bulletin", the TMA's first newsletter, was published. The newsletter was renamed "Crescendo" in February 1958.. Crescendo continues to be published by the TMA. From 1934 to 1956, the TMA participated in the Promenade Symphony Concert orchestra as an initiative to provide summer employment to its members and to provide weekly conceit series for the citizens of Toronto. The TMA's Musician's Club was created in October 1962 for the accommodation, recreation and convenience of the association's members.The TMA also offers its members advice pertaining to all areas of the music business, from legal protection to instrument insurance, to dental and pension plans, as well as access to working visas for the United States.

Currently, TMA membership also provides membership in the Canadian Federation of Musicians (CFM), the American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM) and after two years as a TMA member, with periodic work (at least every six months) under TMA/CFM/AFM contracts, members can join the Musicians Pension Fund of Canada.

The United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America was established in 1936, with the first Canadian local in Toronto created the following year. The union, long considered on the left-wing of Canadian labour unions, was dismissed from the Canadian Congress of Labour in 1949 for suspected Communist ties and it was not until 1973 that the union was re-admitted to the Canadian Labour Congress. The UE had forty-seven locals in Canada (1993) including locals in Toronto, Guelph, Peterborough and Montreal. In that year decreasing membership lead to an affiliation with the Canadian Auto Workers.

The Department of Communication began life as the Office of the Director, Information and Development (1962) reporting to the Assistant to the President. In 1964, pursuant to the recommendations of the Woods Gordon Survey, the office reported directly to the President. In 1966 a separate Publication Office was opened to coordinate all publishing activity within the university.
By 1968 the Department of Information and Development was reporting through the Vice President (Finance). At this time the Department consisted of a Director (Wilfred Sanders) with assistant directors for Development (Kim Mcilroy) and Information (Stan Fisher) as well as editors of Communique (Penny Joliffe),Bulletin and Gazette (Judy Birchall), and a publications coordinator (Margaret Hodgson).
In 1969 a separate Department of Development was established and by 1972 there was a Department of Information and Publications reporting to the Vice-President, with S.M. Fisher as Director.
In 1975/76 the department was renamed Department of Communications and in June of 1976 it began reporting directly to the President. In 1983 the Department of Communications was transferred to the Vice President, External Relations and University Development, where it still remains.
The Department is responsible for promoting the interests of York University within the university, and in the wider community through a series of media publications, provision of information to Canadian news media, a Speaker' s Bureau, etc. Much of this activity is handled by the Media Resources Bureau (formerly Media Relations Office). Among its publication s are: 'York Daily Bulletin ' (1964-1980) and its successor, 'York Bulletin ' (1980), the 'York Gazette' (1962), Alumni News and the 'Highlights' published weekly in the Globe and Mail.

Glendon Hall was the site of the first classes of the new York University in 1961. When the university took up its present Downsview, Ontario location, Glendon College was established as the university 's bilingual, undergraduate college, an affiliated autonomous faculty. In the late 1960s a proposal to relocate the College to the main campus was defeated and it remains a small, liberal arts college within York University. In addition to traditional liberal arts departments, Glendon also has departments in International Studies, Canadian Studies, Multidisciplinary Studies and Women 's Studies. In addition, there is a School of Translation at the College which offers an undergraduate degree in translation as well as a Certificate Programme in Technical and Professional Writing (in English only).
The College is headed by a principal assisted by a Senior Administrator. It has its own Faculty Council and a Dean of Students. The College has its own student-run radio station (Radio Glendon), art gallery (Glendon Gallery) and theatre (Theatre Glendon). The Glendon campus is served by the Frost Library. Students enrolled at the College must demonstrate proficiency in both Official Languages and take instruction offered in English and French.

The Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean (CERLAC) was founded at York University in 1978 as an interdisciplinary organization concerned studying the economic development, the social and political organization and the cultures of the region. It initially received a start-up donation from the Donner Foundation and currently receives funding from several government organizations. The Centre sponsors research projects, conferences, workshops and related social activities. It is also responsible for organizing the Graduate Diploma Programme in Latin American and Caribbean Studies at York University, which is an interdisciplinary programme, and the Latin America and Caribbean Studies programme for undergraduate study at the university.

Stong College (originally known as 'College ''E" ') was established in 1969. Like all the colleges at York University, Stong has a defined relationship with one of the university faculties, in this case the Faculty of Arts, with particular reference to programmes in literatures and languages. Stong College also promotes active community involvement and multicultural studies. The College is home to the Samuel Zacks Art Gallery, which exhibits Canadian, international and York student art and the Samuel Beckett Theatre which stages College productions.
The College is presided over by a Master with a General Meeting that is open to all members of the College. There is an Executive Committee made up of the chairs of various College committees with the Master and the Academic Adviser. There are also the Fellows of Stong College, who promote academic interests at the College.

The Joint Programme in Transportation was operated jointly by the York University Transportation Centre and the University of Toronto Department of Urban Studies. Established in 1970 with a grant from the Canadian Transport Commission, it promoted and coordinated interdisciplinary research and teaching in the field of transportation studies. Its goals were to promote and co-ordinate research interests and a comprehensive teaching program through support for research projects, publications and sponsored seminars.

The Department of Psychology offered an introductory course in the first year of York University' s existence (1960-1961). Since that time the Department has grown to include a graduate programme, co-operative programmes in Early Childhood Education and in Rehabilitation with Seneca College of Toronto. In 1991 there were more than 3800 undergraduate students majoring in Psychology, as well as 239 nine enrolled in the graduate programme, making it the largest single department in the University.

The Institute for Social Research was established at York University in 1965 as the Institute for Behavioural Research. The purpose of the Institute was to facilitate large-scale and inter-disciplinary research in the area of behavioural sciences.
It was originally divided into three sections. The Data Methods and Analysis Section offered data processing services and computer programmes designs to researchers. The Survey Research Centre, established in 1968, offered social science researchers various services in conducting research activity. The Data Bank served as a compendium of statistical data from the Gallup Poll organization, other polling groups and the Dominion Bureau of Statistics (Statistics Canada). Five Research Programmes were established by 1967: Bio-Psychological Research; Ethnic Research; Family Research; Political and Organizational Research; and
Psychological Research. These were joined in 1969 by programmes in Oral History and Judicial Behaviour.
By the mid-1970s the Institute had developed income-generating research activity on a national scale for governments and other agencies. The Institute relied heavily on the academic appointees of the university who served the Institute. The three units of the Institute were abandoned in the mid-1970s, all operations thereafter coming under the umbrella organization. The development of the Social Science Information System provided researchers with abstracts of important journal articles. To it were joined the Canadian Social Science Data Archives, which acted in the same way as the former Data Bank, the Canadian Census Data Management System and Canadian Women of Note, a biographical data bank of over 1000 Canadian women gathered for research purposes.
In 1983, Statistical Consulting Services was opened at the Institute, to offer the York community and outside researchers assistance in designing and conducting statistical research. In June, 1984 the Institute’s name was changed to Institute for Social Research.
The Institute has issued numerous publications, including research reports, monographic studies and newsletters. It also offers courses of instruction on survey methodologies and statistical programmes to York staff and students. The following men and women have served as Director of the Institute: Fred Schindeler,
1967-1973; H.M. Stevenson, 1974-1975; Bernard Blishen, 1975-1978; William Found (acting), 1979; A.H. Richmond, 1980-1983; Gordon Darroch, 1983-1988; and Valerie Preston, 1988-1991.

The Centre for the Support of Teaching was established in 1989 as a successor body to the Educational Development Office, which itself was developed in 1980 to take over the Development of Teaching Skills Programme from the Counselling and Development Centre. The Centre supports the teaching faculty and classroom learning by providing teaching-related workshops, special programmes, information about issues in teaching through newsletters and bibliographies, and by the development of teaching evaluation instruments.

The Dance Department began as a programme in the faculty in 1969, becoming a department with its own chair in 1974. The Department offers courses in technique, dance therapy, historical criticism and notation. Students may pursue a course of study for a bachelor of arts degrees, a bachelor of fine arts of for a master of fine arts degree. The following faculty have served as chair of the department: Grant Strate (1972-1977, 1978-1980), Margaret Dale (1977-1979), Yves Cousineau (1980-1982), Diane Woodruff (1982-1984), Keith Urban (1985-).

Political Science was taught at York University in its first academic session (1960-1961), with a course on the Canadian political system. Since that time the Department has expanded to offer courses in five subject fields: Canadian, Comparative Politics, International Relations, Political Theory, and Empirical Theory and Methodology. In 1991 there were over 1700 undergraduate students majoring in Political Science at York with a further 140 enrolled in the graduate program.

McLaughlin College was established in 1968, the fourth college on the York University campus. It is associated with the Faculty of Arts on campus and several student associations representing students in academic departments (Economics, Labour Studies, Political Science, Public Policy) are located at McLaughlin. The College emphasizes public policy is its broadest sense as an area of interest. To this end symposia, guest lectures and conferences on public policy themes are sponsored by the College through the Public Policy Programme. The College is also host to several research centres and external bodies including the Refugee Documentation Centre, the Canadian Council for Social Development and the Research Programme in International and Strategic Studies. The College is administered by a Master assisted by a Senior Tutor and a Resident Tutor. Fellows of the College include University faculty members as well as representatives of business,government, politics and the arts. The College Council is an elected student body which provides social activities and administers student recreational services in the College. The College residence is named Tatham Hall after a former Master, George Tathum. It is co-educational and has an active student Residence Council.

SAVAC (South Asian Visual Arts Centre) is the only non-profit, artist-run centre in Canada dedicated to supporting South Asian artists. For over two decades, SAVAC has increased the visibility of culturally diverse artists by curating and exhibiting their work, providing mentorship, and facilitating professional development.

Our mission is to produce programs that explore issues and ideas shaping the identities and experiences of people from the region and its diasporas. We encourage work that is challenging, experimental and engaged in critical discussions that offer new perspectives on the contemporary world.

SAVAC develops and produces a range of contemporary visual art interventions and programs. We work without a gallery space, and typically in collaboration with other artist-run centres, public galleries and visual arts organizations. This unique, collaborative model allows for SAVAC to play a vital role in Canada’s visual arts ecology by expanding the frameworks that support culturally diverse perspectives in art.

1987 Khush: South Asian Gay Men of Toronto is founded. Khush has an active membership of around 100 people, with a mandate to “educate South Asian gay men and the wider gay community about South Asian culture, as well as to forge connections amongst the South Asian community, South Asian cultural producers/artists, and the gay community”.

1988 Khush and Gay Asian Toronto organize “Unity Among Asians,” a conference for Asian lesbians and gay men in North America.

1989 Members of Khush organize SALAAM TORONTO, a one-day celebration at the 519 Community Centre, featuring arts, literature, food, culture, games, and performance, drawing a crowd of around 800 people.

1990 Khush hosts Khalla (later to become Desh Pardesh), a three-evening event of video and film, music and dance, hosted at Euclid Theatre, “intended to provide a forum for South Asian artists” aiming to “incite dialogue […] and to begin an interrogation of what South Asian culture is”. (Clara Thomas Archives)

1990 Festival undergoes name change from Khalla Festival to Des/Pardes or Desh Pardesh.

1992 Desh lengthens and broadens programming, funding and staffing, and includes film/video, poetry/fiction, theatre/performance, dance, live music, DJs, non-fiction/criticism/journalism, visual art/photography.

1993 Desh is established as a permanent organization with a small membership fee and working board.

1993/94 A group of visual artists who had been working together to curate the visual arts component of Desh, come together to form South Asian Visual Arts Collective (later to be named the South Asian Visual Arts Centre, or SAVAC)

1994 Desh and ASAAP (Alliance for South Asian AIDS Prevention) are incorporated as non-profit organizations.

1997 SAVAC is formally established as an artist-run centre, working in close collaboration with Desh.

2001 Desh Pardesh festival and its administrative body are closed, due largely to the financial crisis.

2001 SAVAC is provincially incorporated.

2004 SAVAC celebrates its 10th anniversary.

2008 SAVAC changes its name from South Asian Visual Arts Collective to South Asian Visual Arts Centre to more accurately reflect its organizational purpose and structure as an artist-run centre. In this year, SAVAC also becomes federally incorporated and celebrates its 15th anniversary.

2009 SAVAC is awarded charitable status.

2013 SAVAC is awarded multi-year the Ontario Trillium Foundation funding for a project that will involve the creation of an archive that traces the history of SAVAC as an organization, and the people and groups that preceded it.

2014 SAVAC celebrates 20 years of existence and 10 years of Monitor: South Asian Experimental Film + Video program.

For more information see: https://www.savac.net/about/ .

Parkdale Community Legal Services (PCLS) was established in 1971 as a community legal service for the Parkdale community in Toronto. PCLS is affiliated with Osgoode Hall Law School whose students work as interns in the programme as part of their legal education. The clinic is funded by the Clinic Funding Committee of the Law Society of Upper Canada and by Osgoode Hall Law School which provides the services of an academic director who is always a faculty member. PCLS has always defined its primary task as poverty law and students who participate in the clinic attend weekly seminars on poverty law. The clinic focuses on four main areas of poverty law: tenants rights; workers' rights; refugee law; and social assistance law.

Author of Princetoniana. Charles and A.A. Hodge: with class and table tale of Hodge the Younger (1888), Eli, Samuel, & Saul a transition chapter in Ireaelitish history (1904), Exposition and defence of Prince Bismarck's anit-Ultramontane policy: showing the difference between the present state of the Romish question in Germany and Great Britain (1876), The religious question in France in the light of historic facts and of current events (1905), The parables of Our Lord (1880), A woman's work: memorials of Eliza Fletcher (1900), Our Christian passover: a guide for young people in the serious study of the Lord's Super (1830), Echoes of the war (1916).

Osgoode Hall Law School, the teaching arm of the Law Society of Upper Canada, admitted its first students in 1889, and affiliated with York University in 1968 beginning classes on the York campus in September 1969. In its first year the new law school introduced the semester system of teaching and attempted to integrate itself into the university by offering joint course with the faculties of Arts & Science and Administrative Studies.
Student representatives were admitted to the Faculty Council in keeping with York' s policy of student participation in university government. The move to York coincided with the expansion of the library what now is the largest law library in the British Commonwealth.
The Law School is administered by a Dean, an Associate Dean with responsibility for the academic programme, and two Assistant Deans, the one responsible for student counselling, the other with responsibility for some aspects of the administration of the first year programme, admissions and computers. There is a Director of the Graduate Programme, a Director of Clinical Education (with responsibility for Parkdale Legal Aid Clinic), and a Co-Director of the M.B.A./LL.B. programme. In addition, there is a Faculty Council which advises on curriculum, admissions and academic policy.
Osgoode Hall offers the LL.B., LL.M. and D.Jur. degrees in law, as well as joint LL.B./M.B.A. (M.P.A.) degrees with the Faculty of Administrative Studies, and the LL.B./M.E.S. degree with the Faculty of Environmental Studies. The School also operates the York University Centre for Public Law and Public Policy, a research institute sponsoring major research projects and conferences, and the Institute for Feminist Legal Studies. The School publishes the 'Osgoode Hall Law Journal', and sponsors several annual lectures and events on aspects of the law. The School also produces 'Continuum', a newsletter for alumni.
The Legal and Literary Society serves as the student council, and there are several student societies geared to various ethnic, political, religious and social interests. The student-run Community Legal Aid Services Programme (CLASP) operates a community legal clinic at Osgoode as well as the Parkdale Legal Aid Clinic in downtown Toronto. The student newspaper, 'Obiter Dicta ', is published weekly.

The Committee for an Independent Canada was established in 1970 by Walter Gordon, Peter Newman and Abraham Rotstein to promote Canadian economic and cultural independence. Many of the proposals offered by the Committee were eventually made into government policy including the establishment of the Foreign Investment Review Committee, the Canadian Development Corporation, and Petro Canada. The Committee was disbanded in 1981.

Harry J. Boyle, journalist, broadcaster and playwright, was born on 7 October 1915 in St. Augustine, Ontario. His education included high school in Wingham and St. Jerome's College in Kitchener, Ontario. He married Marion McCaffrey in 1937, with whom he had two children. Mr. Boyle had a long career in journalism, having contributed articles to the London Free Press and the Toronto Globe and Mail, and a weekly column for the Toronto Telegram, 1957-1968. He joined the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as Farm Commentator in 1942 and became Director of the National Farm Radio Forum, 1942-1946. Other radio credits include: "CBC Wednesday Night," "Assignment," and "Project" series. Mr. Boyle also served on the Canadian Radio and Television Commission (CRTC) as the vice-chairman, 1968-1976, and chairman, 1976-1977. He won awards for his contribution to broadcasting, and to Canadian television and radio in particular. Besides journalism, Boyle has written a number of radio plays, a stage play, three books of essays, and several novels. He has been a faculty member at the Banff School of Fine Arts and a member of the Ontario Arts Council, 1979-1982. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1978. Harry Boyle died in Toronto on 22 January 2005.

Helen Lucas (artist) was born in 1931 in Weyburn, Saskatchewan, to Greek parents, Eftihia and William Geatros. She studied at the Ontario College of Art (Toronto) from 1950-1954, and was Drawing and Painting Master at Sheridan College (Oakville, Ont.) from 1973-1979. Her early works were figurative pieces in black and white, and later works were colourful floral paintings. She has exhibited her art works widely in Canada, the United States, and Italy, published drawings and text in several publications, and was an active participant in Canadian Women studies projects. In 1991 York University awarded her an honorary Doctor of Letters and she received the Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012. Her life was featured in an award-winning, hour-long documentary produced by Donna Davey that was shown at the Chicago International Film Festival in 1996. Lucas died on 27 November 2023.

Edward King (29 December 1829 - 8 March 1910) was an Anglican bishop. He was the second son of the Reverend Walker King, Archdeacon of Rochester and rector of Stone, Kent, and grandson of the Reverend Walker King, Bishop of Rochester; his nephew was the Reverend Robert Stuart King, who played football for England in 1882.
King graduated from Oriel College, Oxford, was ordained in 1854, and four years later became chaplain and lecturer at Cuddesdon Theological College (now Ripon College Cuddesdon). He was principal at Cuddesdon from 1863 to 1873, when Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone appointed him Regius Professor of Pastoral Theology at Oxford and canon of Christ Church. King became the principal founder of the leading catholic theological college in the Church of England, St Stephen's House, Oxford, now a Permanent Private Hall of the University of Oxford. To the world outside, King was known at this time as an Anglo-Catholic and one of Edward Pusey's
most intimate friends (even serving as a pall-bearer at his funeral in
1882), but in Oxford, and especially among the younger men, he exercised
influence by his charm and sincerity. King had also been devoted to his
mother, who assisted him at Cuddleston and Oxford by keeping his house
and entertaining guests as his position required. King never married and
his mother died in 1883.
A leading member of the English Church Union, Dr. King fought prosecutions in lay courts under the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 (which Archbishop of Canterbury Archibald Campbell Tait and Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli had secured over the Gladstone's opposition, in order to restrict the growing Oxford Movement). In 1879 King's writings concerning Holy Communion were criticized as Romish in a pamphlet by a local vicar.
In 1885, upon Gladstone's invitation when he again became Prime Minister, King accepted consecration as Bishop of Lincoln, which he noted had been the diocese of John Wesley. The consecrating bishops included Archbishop of Canterbury Edward White Benson, with presenting Bishops John Mackarness
of Oxford and Woodford of Ely. Other consecrating bishops were Bishop
Temple of London, Bishop Thorold of Rochester, Bishop Wilberforce of
Newcastle, Bishop Trollope of Nottingham, Bishop How of Bedford, Bishop
Carter of Ripon and Bishop Bousfield of Pretoria.
Although Tait had died in 1882, the Puritan faction continued,
including at Lincoln where J. Hanchard published a sketch of King's
life, criticizing his Romish tendencies. Beginning in 1888, based on a churchwarden's complaint concerning a service conducted at Cleethorps, funded by the Church Association, King was prosecuted before Archbisjop Benson for six ritualistic practices.
In his "Lincoln Judgment", Archbishop Benson found Bishop King guilty
on two counts and also required him to conduct the manual acts during
the prayer of consecration during the Holy Communion service in such a
way that the people could see them.
Archbishop Benson specifically allowed the use of lighted candles, and
mixing of elements, as well as the eastward position during the service.
The Church Association appealed the Bishop's process to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, but was denied in 1890.
Bishop King loyally conformed his practices to the archbishop's
judgment. Some considered the process a repudiation of the
anti-ritualism movement,
though it proved physically and emotionally taxing for King, whose
physique had never been particularly robust. Moreover, a decade later,
after Frederick Temple
succeeded Benson as Archbishop of Canterbury, he and the Bishop of York
prosecuted two priests for using incense and candles, and notified
Bishop King of Lincoln of their condemnation, which he abided.
Later, many of King's liturgical practices became commonplace,
including making the sign of the cross during the absolution and
blessing, and mixture of elements during the service, for which the
criticisms had been upheld as an innovation.
As Bishop, King devoted himself unsparingly to pastoral work in his
diocese, particularly among the poor, both farmers and industrial
workers, as well as condemned prisoners. He supported the Guild of
Railway men, as well as chaplains in the Boer War and missionaries. In 1909 he visited Oxford in his episcopal capacity for the 400th anniversary of Brasenose College. Irrespective of his High Church views, he won the affection and reverence of all classes by his real saintliness of character.

Founded in February 2000, Obsidian Theatre Company is a leading black theatre companies in Canada. As a producer of black theatre and community advocate, the company has endeavoured to produce plays, develop playwrights and train emerging theatre professionals. Their mission statement focuses on the exploration, development, and production of the black voice. The founding board included Awaovieyi Agie, Ardon Bess, David Collins, Roy Lewis, Yanna McIntosh, Diane Roberts, Kim Roberts, Sandi Ross, Djanet Sears, Satori Shakoor, Tricia Williams, Alison Sealy-Smith, and Philip Akin. Obsidian has encouraged Canada's local black playwrights and actors, mounting local works such as "The Adventures of a Black Girl in Search of God", "Consecrated Ground", "Born Ready" and "The Monument", as well as the first international collaboration (Canada and Barbados) of Austin Clarke's Giller Award winning novel "The Polished Hoe". They have also produced international plays such as "Intimate Apparel", "Late" and "Black Medea". Obsidian has established partnerships both locally and provincially working with companies such as The Stratford Festival of Canada, Mirvish Productions, The Harbourfront Centre, The Canadian Stage Company, Nightwood Theatre, The Harold Green Jewish Theatre, Factory Theatre, Theatre Passe Muraille, fu-GEN Theatre, Aluna Theatre, Roseneath Theatre, bcurrent, and the Frank Collymore Hall in Barbados. Obsidian produces plays from a world-wide canon focusing primarily, but not exclusively, on the works of highly acclaimed black playwrights.

William Morley Kilbourn (1926-1995), educator, author, and politician, was born in Toronto, and educated there, in Great Britain (Oxford MA 1954), and in the United States (Harvard PhD 1957). He taught at Harvard (1953-1955) and McMaster University (1955-1962), prior to joining York University in 1962 as chair of the Division of Humanities and professor of history. In addition to his academic career, Kilbourn has served on the boards of several community organizations, including the Art Gallery of Ontario (1970-1976), the Young People's Theatre, and the Toronto International Festival. Kilbourn was an alderman in the City of Toronto (1970-1976), and sat on the Metropolitan Toronto Council (1973-1976). He is the author of several books including, "The firebrand: William Lyon Mackenzie and the rebellion in Upper Canada" (1956), "The elements combined: a history of the Steel Company of Canada" (1960), "The making of the nation" (1966), "Canada: a guide to the peaceable kingdom" (1970), "C.D. Howe: a biography" (with Robert Bothwell, 1979), "Toronto remembered" (1984), and "Intimate grandeur: 100 years at Massey Hall" (1993). He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1980), and was named a Member of the Order of Canada (1993). He died on 4 January 1995.

(from Wikipedia entry)

William Lant Carpenter was born in 1841 in Bristol, Somerset, England. William married Annie Viret in 1868 in Bristol, England. Annie was born in 1841 in Middlesex, England. Parents: Louisa Powell and William Benjamin Carpenter MD CB FRS (29 October 1813 – 19 November 1885) an English physician, invertebrate zoologist and physiologist. He was instrumental in the early stages of the unified University of London.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Benjamin_Carpenter .

Philosophy was part of the first curriculum of York University when in opened in 1960, with the distinguished Canadian philosopher George Grant teaching the introductory course. In 1990 there were 260 undergraduate students majoring in philosophy in the three York constituencies (Arts, Atkinson, Glendon) as well as sixty enrolled in the graduate programme.

Norman Kenneth Campbell, composer, director and producer, was born in Los Angeles, California on 4 February 1924. He was raised in Vancouver, British Columbia where he attended the University of British Columbia, earning a degree in mathematics and physics. After graduation, Campbell was hired by Canada's meteorological service, but left in 1948 to join CBC Radio Vancouver where he was a director of variety programs. Campbell also composed music, including the signature song for the "Juliette show." In 1952, Campbell joined CBC Television as a director and producer and is credited with the CBC's first broadcast, a program entitled "Let's see." While Campbell worked in many genres, his specialty was comedy, musicals and the performing arts. He was responsible for the broadcast of ballets, operas, and other stage productions, including performances from the Stratford Festival. In addition, Campbell worked on projects for American television, such as performance specials for entertainers like Diana Ross and Frank Sinatra and sitcoms like "All in the family" and "The Mary Tyler Moore show." Campbell is, perhaps, best known for composing the music for "Anne of Green Gables : the musical," which is still performed at the Charlottetown Festival in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Campbell's work was recognized nationally and internationally, winning a Gemini for "The pirates of Penzance" (1986), two international Emmys for "Cinderella" [ballet] (1965) and "Sleeping Beauty" [ballet] (1972), and the Prix René Barthélemy (Monte Carlo International Television Festival) for "Romeo and Juliette" [ballet] (1966). His contributions to arts in Canada were also recognized where he was named a member of the Royal Canadian Academy in 1975 and he received the Order of Canada in 1979. Norman Campbell died of a stroke on 12 April 2004 in Toronto, Ontario.

Dance artist who emigrated to Canada in 1965.

Walter Pitman, teacher, journalist, administrator, author, and social activist, was born on 18 May 1929 in Toronto, Ontario and educated at the University of Toronto where he completed his B.A. and M.A. in 1952 and 1954, respectively. He has been a member of the House of Commons (1960-1962) and the Ontario Legislature (1967-1971); Dean of Arts and Science (1972-1975), Trent University; President of Ryerson Polytechnic University (1975-1980); Director of the Ontario Institute of Studies in Education (1987-1991); Director of the Ontario Arts Council (1980-1986) as well as a reporter for The Toronto Star (1971-1974). He is active in the voluntary sector and has been Board Chair on diverse Canadian associations including Energy Probe and Project Ploughshares. He is an Officer of the Order of Canada (1992) and Member of the Order of Ontario and has received honorary degrees from McGill, York, Trent and Brock universities as well as numerous awards for his work pertaining to the arts in Canada. He has written several books examining Canadian arts and culture including "Louis Applebaum : a passion for culture" (2002), "Elmer Iseler : choral visionary" (2008), and "Victor Feldbrill : Canadian conductor extraordinaire" (2010).

The Centre for Continuing Education was established in 1967 as an adult education institute offering non-degree course in the fields of Arts and Communication, Human Relations, Urban Studies and Special Studies in Education. The Centre' s instructors are drawn from York's faculties and from professionals in the fields of instruction. Courses are offered in cooperation with institutes and organizations in specific fields. Formal classes, workshops, seminars and discussion groups are the preferred means of education in the Centre. The Centre offers instruction in the areas of Business (economics, accounting marketing), Management organizational behaviour, interpersonal communications), Industrial Relations, Language Skills and Law. The Centre offers bridging courses for those who wish to pursue education at the university level at some future time. In addition the Centre works in cooperation with those York faculties that offer non-degree courses, as a provider of expertise in areas of course content and development.

Alison Pick, novelist and poet, was born in Toronto in 1975. She grew up in Kitchener, Ontario, and attended Kitchener Collegiate Institute and Lakefield College School before graduating from the University of Guelph in 1999 with a BA in psychology, and from Memorial University in St. John's, Newfoundland, with a Master's degree in Philosophy. Pick began her literary career while a student at the University of Guelph, where she started writing poetry. Her first published poems, "The First" and "History Class," appeared in Canadian poetry journal "The New Quarterly" in 1999. In the early 2000s, while living in Newfoundland, Pick published poetry in a number of other poetry journals, including "The Fiddlehead," "Arc," "Fireweed," and "Contemporary Verse 2." Her first book of poetry, "Question and Answer," was published in 2002. It received the 2002 Bronwen Wallace Memorial Award for Poetry and was shortlisted for the Gerald Lampert Award and the Newfoundland and Labrador Book Award in 2002. Pick also won the 2003 National Magazine Award and the 2005 CBC Literary Award for Poetry. Her second book of poetry, "The Dream World," was published in 2008. Its title poem was also appeared in "Best Canadian Poetry of 2008." In addition to her work as a poet, Pick writes non-fiction prose and novels. Her first novel, "The Sweet Edge," was published in 2005 and was a Globe and Mail Top 100 Book of 2005. Her second novel, "Far to Go," was published in 2010. It won the Canadian Jewish Book Award for Fiction, and was longlisted for the Man Booker Prize. Rights to this book were sold to commercial interests in Canada (including Quebec), the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, and Brazil. Pick's memoir, "Between Gods," was published in 2014 and won the Canadian Jewish Book Award. It was also shortlisted for the BC National Award for Canadian Non-Fiction and the JQ Wingate Prize. Her third novel, "Strangers with the Same Dream," was published in September 2017. Her freelance writing has appeared in magazines and newspapers including "The Globe and Mail," "The Walrus," "National Post," "Mothering Magazine," and "Chatelaine." Pick served on the jury for the 2015 Giller Prize and has been a faculty member at the Banff Centre for the Arts Wired Writing Studio, the Humber School for Writers, and the Sage Hill Writing Experience.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Charles Voysey (1828–1912) was a priest of the Church of England who was condemned by the Privy Council for heterodoxy and went on to found a Theist Church.

Voysey was sacked from a curacy of St Mark's, Whitechapel, having denied the doctrine of eternal punishment. He later became vicar of Healaugh near Tadcaster, Yorkshire, but soon ran into difficulties there. He was prosecuted by William Thomson, Archbishop of York, starting in 1869. He was summoned before the Chancery Court of the diocese of York for heterodox teaching and deprived of his living. He appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which gave its judgement in 1871:

The Appellant is charged with having offended against the Laws Ecclesiastical by writing and publishing within the diocese of London certain sermons or essays, collected together in parts and volumes, the whole being designated by the title of "The Sling and the Stone," in which he is alleged to have maintained and promulgated doctrines contrary and repugnant to or inconsistent with the Articles of Religion and Formularies of the Church of England.

His appeal dismissed, Voysey lost his benefice. Moving to London, Voysey began holding services in St George's Hall, Langham Place, and founded the Theistic Church in Swallow Street, Piccadilly. He continued to preach and teach up to his death. He befriended Guy Aldred, the "Boy Preacher" in Holloway, in 1903.
For more information, see Wikipedia entry at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Voysey_%28theist%29 and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Voysey_(architect)

(from Wikipedia entry)

Charles Sanders Peirce (/ˈpɜrs/, like "purse", September 10, 1839 - April 19, 1914) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist, sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism". He was educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for 30 years. Today he is appreciated largely for his contributions to logic, mathematics, philosophy, scientific methodology, and semiotics, and for his founding of pragmatism.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Laurence Oliphant (3 August 1829 – 23 December 1888) was a British author, traveller, diplomat and Christian mystic. He is best known for his satirical novel Piccadilly (1870). Oliphant was Member of Parliament for Stirling Burghs.

Laurence Oliphant was the only child of Sir Anthony Oliphant (1793–1859), a member of the Scottish landed gentry and his wife Maria. At the time of his son's birth Sir Anthony was Attorney General of the Cape Colony, but he was soon appointed Chief Justice in Ceylon. Laurence spent his early childhood in Colombo, where his father purchased a home called Alcove in Captains Gardens, subsequently known as Maha Nuge Gardens. Sir Anthony and his son have been credited with bringing tea to Ceylon and growing 30 tea plants brought over from China on the Oliphant Estate in Nuwara Eliya. In 1848 and 1849, he and his parents toured Europe. In 1851, he accompanied Jung Bahadur from Colombo to Nepal, which provided the material for his first book, A Journey to Katmandu (1852). Oliphant returned to Ceylon and from there went to England to study law. Oliphant left his legal studies to travel in Russia. The outcome of that tour was his book The Russian Shores of the Black Sea (1853).
Between 1853 and 1861 Oliphant was secretary to Lord Elgin during the negotiation of the Canada Reciprocity Treaty in Washington, and companion to the Duke of Newcastle on a visit to the Circassian coast during the Crimean War.
In 1861 Oliphant was appointed First Secretary of the British Legation in Japan under Minister Plenipotentiary (later Sir) Rutherford Alcock. He arrived in Edo at the end of June, but on the evening of 5 July a night-time attack was made on the legation by xenophobic ronin. His pistols having been locked in their travelling box, Oliphant rushed out with a hunting whip, and was attacked by a Japanese with a heavy two-handed sword. A beam, invisible in the darkness, interfered with the blows, but Oliphant was severely wounded and sent on board ship to recover.
Oliphant returned to England, resigned from the Diplomatic Service and was elected to Parliament in 1865 for Stirling Burghs. While he did not show any conspicuous parliamentary ability, he was made a great success by his novel Piccadilly (1870). He then fell under the influence of the spiritualist prophet Thomas Lake Harris, who in about 1861 had organised a small community, the Brotherhood of the New Life, which was settled in Brocton on Lake Erie, and subsequently moved to Santa Rosa, California.
After having been refused permission to join Harris in 1867, he was eventually allowed to join his community and Oliphant left Parliament in 1868 to follow Harris to Brocton. He lived there for several years engaged in what Harris termed the 'Use', manual labour aimed at forwarding his utopian vision. Members of the community were allowed to return to the outside world from time to time to earn money for the community. After three years Oliphant worked as correspondent for The Times during the Franco-German War, and afterwards spent several years in Paris in the service of the paper. There he met, through his mother, his future wife, Alice le Strange. They married at St George's, Hanover Square, London, on 8 June 1872.
Later he and his mother had a falling out with Harris and demanded their money (allegedly mainly derived from the sale of Lady Maris Oliphant's jewels) back. This forced Harris to sell the Brocton colony and his remaining disciples moved to their new colony in Santa Rosa, California.

In 1879, Oliphant left for Palestine, where he hoped to promote Jewish agricultural settlement. Later, he saw these settlements as a means of alleviating Jewish suffering in Eastern Europe.
He visited Constantinople in the hopes of obtaining a lease on the northern half of the Holy Land and settling large numbers of Jews there (this was prior to the first wave of Jewish settlement by Zionists in 1882). He did not see this as an impossible task in view of the large numbers of Christian believers in the United States and England who supported this plan. With financial support from Christadelphians and others in Britain, Oliphant amassed sufficient funding to purchase land and settle Jewish refugees in the Galilee.
Oliphant and his wife, Alice, settled in Palestine, dividing their time between a house in the German Colony in Haifa, and another in the Druze village of Daliyat al-Karmel on Mount Carmel.
Oliphant's secretary Naftali Herz Imber, author of the Israeli national anthem, Hatikva, lived with them.
In 1883, Oliphant wrote Altiora Peto. In 1884, he and his wife collaborated on Sympneumata: Evolutionary Forces Now Active in Man together. The following year, Oliphant wrote a novel, Masollam.
In December 1885, Oliphant's wife became ill and died on 2 January 1886. Oliphant, also stricken, was too weak to attend her funeral.
He was persuaded that after death he was in much closer contact with her than when she was still alive, and believed that she inspired him to write Scientific Religion. In November 1887, Oliphant went to England to publish the book.
In 1888, he traveled to the United States and married his second wife, Rosamond, a granddaughter of Robert Owen in Malvern. The couple planned to return to Haifa, but Oliphant took sick at York House, Twickenham, and died there on 23 December 1888.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Oliphant_%28author%29 .

Philip Edward Bertrand Jourdain (16 October 1879 - 1 October 1919) was a British logician and follower of Bertrand Russell.
He was born in Ashbourne in Derbyshire one of a large family belonging to Emily Clay and his father Francis Jourdain (who was the vicar at Ashbourne). He was partly disabled by Friedreich's ataxia. He corresponded with Georg Cantor and Gottlob Frege, and took a close interest in the paradoxes related to Russell's paradox, formulating the card paradox version of the liar paradox. He corresponded with Ludwig Wittgenstein, meeting with him in Cambridge to discuss Frege's book Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, of parts of which Jourdain had prepared a translation. He also worked on algebraic logic, and the history of science with Isaac Newton as a particular study. He was London editor for The Monist.
His sister Eleanor Jourdain was an English academic and author.

Alfred Cort Haddon, Sc.D., FRS, FRGS (24 May 1855 - 20 April 1940, Cambridge) was an influential British anthropologist and ethnologist. Initially a biologist, who achieved his most notable fieldwork, with W.H.R. Rivers, C.G. Seligman, Sidney Ray, Anthony Wilkin on the Torres Strait Islands.

He returned to Christ's College, Cambridge, where he had been an undergraduate, and effectively founded the School of Anthropology. Haddon was a major influence on the work of the American ethnologist Caroline Furness Jayne.

In 2011, Haddon's 1898 The Recordings of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits were added to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's Sounds of Australia registry. The original recordings are housed at the British Library and many have been made available online. Alfred Cort Haddon was born on 24 May 1855, near London, the elder son of John Haddon, the head of a firm of typefounders and printers. He attended lectures at King's College London and taught zoology and geology at a girls' school in Dover, before entering Christ's College, Cambridge in 1875.

At Cambridge he studied zoology and became the friend of John Holland Rose (afterwards Harmsworth Professor of Naval History), whose sister he married in 1883. Shortly after achieving his Master of Arts degree, Haddon was appointed as Demonstrator in Zoology at Cambridge in 1882. For a time he studied marine biology in Naples. A.C. Haddon
NC: "Zoologist and Ethnologist. Author of "History of Anthropology" etc."
OD257-259

Don Rubin is a professor, theatre historian, writer and critic. He was born on November 25, 1942 and was educated at Hofstra University (B.A. 1964) and the University of Bridgeport (M.A. 1966). He is currently a professor of Theatre Studies at York University. He is the executive editor of the six-volume "World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre" and was the founding editor of the "Canadian Theatre Review" which he edited from 1974-1982. Under his aegis, an active theatre book publishing program grew from CTR. He is the author of "Canadian Theatre History: Selected Readings" (1996) and as a theatre critic, has written for major journals, magazines and newspapers worldwide. For several years he was a regular critic for the Toronto Star, CBC Radio and the New Haven (Connecticut) Register. He is a former president of the Canadian Centre of the UNESCO-affiliated International Theatre Institute (ITI) and served for six years as chair of the ITI's publications committee. He was a charter member of York's Faculty of Fine Arts in 1968 and was chair of the Theatre Department from 1979 to 1982.

Barbara, Lady Stephen (1872-1945) was an English educational writer and Florence Nightingale's cousin.

She was born Margaret Thyra Barbara Shore Smith (later Shore Nightingale). Margaret studied History at Girton College, Cambridge, 1891-1894. In 1904 she married Harry Lushington Stephen, later Sir Harry Stephen (1860-1945). In India with her husband 1904-1913, she founded the Women Graduates Union in Calcutta for the benefit of professional women coming to India. She was a member of Girton College Council 1913-1932, Governor of Girton College 1913-1938, and a generous benefactor of Girton Library.

Most likely Theodore Walrond, author of entries in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) and editor of "Letters and journals of James, eighth earl of Elgin, governor of Jamaica, governor-general of Canada, envoy to China, viceroy of India."

Lauretta Thistle (1917- ) journalist, was born in Nova Scotia and educated at Mount Allison University (BA). She moved to Ottawa and was employed in government departments during World War II prior to joining the 'Ottawa citizen' as assistant music and drama critic in 1947. Two years later she became music and drama editor, and chief critic for the paper. She took an interest in other art forms and by 1960 was concentrating solely on dance reviewing, both for the 'Citizen,' and as a regular contributor to 'Dance news'. In the 1970s she began writing for 'Dance in Canada,' covered dance events for the Southam newspaper chain, and contributed to 'Dance encyclopedia,' and a German annual on dance.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Edward Bradford Titchener D.Sc., Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D. (January 11, 1867 - August 3, 1927) was a British psychologist who studied under Wilhelm Wundt for several years. Titchener is best known for creating his version of psychology that described the structure of the mind; structuralism. He created the largest doctoral program in the United States (at the time) after becoming a professor at Cornell University, and his first graduate student, Margaret Floy Washburn, became the first woman to be granted a PhD in psychology (1894). Titchener attended Malvern College and then went on to Oxford from 1885 to 1890. At Oxford, Titchener first began to read the works of Wilhelm Wundt. During his time at Oxford, Titchener translated the first volume of the third edition of Wundt’s book Principles of Physiological Psychology from German into English. After receiving his degree from Oxford in 1890, Titchener went on to Leipzig in Germany to study with Wundt. He completed his doctoral program and went on to take a position as a professor at Cornell University where he taught his view on the ideas of Wundt to his students in the form of structuralism. Titchener’s ideas on how the mind worked were heavily influenced by Wundt’s theory of voluntarism and his ideas of Association and Apperception (the passive and active combinations of elements of consciousness respectively). Titchener attempted to classify the structures of the mind in the way a chemist breaks down chemicals into their component parts—water into hydrogen and oxygen, for example. Thus, for Titchener, just as hydrogen and oxygen were structures, so were sensations and thoughts. He conceived of hydrogen and oxygen as structures of a chemical compound, and sensations and thoughts as structures of the mind. A sensation, according to Titchener, had four distinct properties: intensity, quality, duration, and extent. Each of these related to some corresponding quality of stimulus, although some stimuli were insufficient to provoke their relevant aspect of sensation. He further differentiated particular types of sensations: auditory sensation, for example, he divided into "tones" and "noises." Ideas and perceptions he considered to be formed from sensations; "ideational type" was related to the type of sensation on which an idea was based, e.g., sound or vision, a spoken conversation or words on a page.

Titchener believed that if the basic components of the mind could be defined and categorized that the structure of mental processes and higher thinking could be determined. What each element of the mind is, how those elements interact with each other and why they interact in the ways that they do was the basis of reasoning that Titchener used in trying to find structure to the mind. The main tool that Titchener used to try to determine the different components of consciousness was introspection. Unlike Wundt’s method of introspection, Titchener had very strict guidelines for the reporting of an introspective analysis. The subject would be presented with an object, such as a pencil. The subject would then report the characteristics of that pencil (color, length, etc.). The subject would be instructed not to report the name of the object (pencil) because that did not describe the raw data of what the subject was experiencing. Titchener referred to this as stimulus error.

In "Experimental Psychology: A Manual of Laboratory Practice", Titchener detailed the procedures of his introspective methods precisely. As the title suggests, the manual was meant to encompass all of experimental psychology despite its focus on introspection. To Titchener, there could be no valid psychological experiments outside of introspection, and he opened the section "Directions to Students" with the following definition: "A psychological experiment consists of an introspection or a series of introspections made under standard conditions."

This manual of Titchener's provided students with in-depth outlines of procedure for experiments on optical illusions, Weber's Law, visual contrast, after-images, auditory and olfactory sensations, perception of space, ideas, and associations between ideas, as well as descriptions proper behavior during experiments and general discussion of psychological concepts. Titchener wrote another instructive manual for students and two more for instructors in the field (Hothersall 2004, p. 142). The level of detail Titchener put into these manuals reflected his devotion to a scientific approach to psychology. He argued that all measurements were simply agreed-upon "conventions" and subscribed to the belief that psychological phenomena, too, could be systematically measured and studied. Titchener put great stock in the systematic work of Gustav Fechner, whose psychophysics advanced the notion that it was indeed possible to measure mental phenomena (Titchener 1902, p. cviii- cix).

The majority of experiments were to be performed by two trained researchers working together, one functioning as the "observer" (O) and the other as the "experimenter" (E). The experimenter would set up the experiment and record the introspection made by his or her partner. After the first run of any experiment, the researchers were to then switch roles and repeat the experiment. Titchener placed a great deal of emphasis on the importance of harmony and communication between the two memberships in these partnerships. Communication, in particular, was necessary, because illness or agitation on the part of the observer could affect the outcome of any given experiment. Titchener was a charismatic and forceful speaker. However, although his idea of structuralism thrived while he was alive and championing for it, structuralism did not live on after his death. Some modern reflections on Titchener consider the narrow scope of his psychology and the strict, limited methodology he deemed acceptable as a prominent explanation for the fall of Titchener's structuralism after his death. So much of it was wrapped up in Titchener's precise, careful dictations that without him, the field floundered. Structuralism, along with Wundt’s voluntarism, were both effectively challenged and improved upon, though they did influence many schools of psychology today.

Titchener was known for bringing some part of Wundt's structuralism to America, but with a few modifications. For example, whereas Wilhelm Wundt emphasized the relationship between elements of consciousness, Titchener focused on identifying the basic elements themselves. In his textbook An Outline of Psychology (1896), Titchener put forward a list of more than 44,000 elemental qualities of conscious experience.

Titchener is also remembered for coining the English word "empathy" in 1909 as a translation of the German word "Einfühlungsvermögen", a new phenomenon explored at the end of 19th century mainly by Theodor Lipps. "Einfühlungsvermögen" was later re-translated as "Empathie", and is still in use that way in German.

Titchener's effect on the history of psychology, as it is taught in classrooms, was partially the work of his student Edwin Boring. Boring's experimental work was largely unremarkable, but his book History of Experimental Psychology was widely influential, as, consequentially, were his portrayals of various psychologists, including his own mentor Edward Titchener. The length at which Boring detailed Titchener's contributions—contemporary Hugo Münsterberg received roughly a tenth as much of Boring's attention—raise questions today as to whether or not the influence credited to Titchener on the history of psychology is inflated as a result.

Professor Titchener received honorary degrees from Harvard, Clark, and Wisconsin. He became a charter member of the American Psychological Association, translated Külpe's Outlines of Psychology and other works, became the American editor of Mind in 1894, and associate editor of the American Journal of Psychology in 1895, and wrote several books. In 1904, he founded the group "The Experimentalists," which continues today as the "Society of Experimental Psychologists". Titchener's brain was contributed to the Wilder Brain Collection at Cornell.

For more information, see Wikipedia at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_B._Titchener .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Ferdinand Tönnies (26 July 1855, near Oldenswort, Eiderstedt, North Frisia, Schleswig - 9 April 1936, Kiel, Germany) was a German sociologist and philosopher. He was a major contributor to sociological theory and field studies, best known for his distinction between two types of social groups, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. He was also a prolific writer and co-founder of the German Society for Sociology (of which he was president from 1909 to 1933, when he was ousted by the Nazis). Ferdinand Tönnies was born into a wealthy farmer's family in North Frisia, Schleswig (today Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Holstein), then under Danish rule. He studied at the universities of Jena, Bonn, Leipzig, Berlin, and Tübingen. He received a doctorate in Tübingen in 1877 (with a Latin thesis on the ancient Siwa Oasis). Four years later he became a private lecturer at the University of Kiel. Because he had sympathized with the Hamburg dockers' strike of 1896, the conservative Prussian government considered him to be a social democrat, and Tönnies was not called to a professorial chair until 1913. He held this post at the University of Kiel for only three years. He returned to the university as a professor emeritus in 1921 and taught until 1933 when he was ousted by the Nazis, due to his earlier publications that criticized them.

Tönnies, the first German sociologist proper, published over 900 works and contributed to many areas of sociology and philosophy. Many of his writings on sociological theories — including Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887) — furthered pure sociology. He coined the metaphysical term Voluntarism. Tönnies also contributed to the study of social change, particularly on public opinion, customs and technology, crime, and suicide. He also had a vivid interest in methodology, especially statistics, and sociological research, inventing his own technique of statistical association. Tönnies distinguished between two types of social groupings. Gemeinschaft — often translated as community (or left untranslated)— refers to groupings based on feelings of togetherness and on mutual bonds, which are felt as a goal to be kept up, their members being means for this goal. Gesellschaft — often translated as society — on the other hand, refers to groups that are sustained by it being instrumental for their members' individual aims and goals.

Gemeinschaft may be exemplified historically by a family or a neighborhood in a pre-modern (rural) society; Gesellschaft by a joint-stock company or a state in a modern society, i.e. the society when Tönnies lived. Gesellschaft relationships arose in an urban and capitalist setting, characterized by individualism and impersonal monetary connections between people. Social ties were often instrumental and superficial, with self-interest and exploitation increasingly the norm. Examples are corporations, states, or voluntary associations.

His distinction between social groupings is based on the assumption that there are only two basic forms of an actor's will, to approve of other men. (For Tönnies, such an approval is by no means self-evident, he is quite influenced by Thomas Hobbes). Following his "essential will" ("Wesenwille"), an actor will see himself as a means to serve the goals of social grouping; very often it is an underlying, subconscious force. Groupings formed around an essential will are called a Gemeinschaft. The other will is the "arbitrary will" ("Kürwille"): An actor sees a social grouping as a means to further his individual goals; so it is purposive and future-oriented. Groupings around the latter are called Gesellschaft. Whereas the membership in a Gemeinschaft is self-fulfilling, a Gesellschaft is instrumental for its members. In pure sociology — theoretically —, these two normal types of will are to be strictly separated; in applied sociology — empirically — they are always mixed.

Tönnies’ distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, like others between tradition and modernity, has been criticized for over-generalizing differences between societies, and implying that all societies were following a similar evolutionary path, an argument which he never proclaimed.

The equilibrium in Gemeinschaft is achieved through morals, conformism, and exclusion - social control - while Gesellschaft keeps its equilibrium through police, laws, tribunals and prisons. Amish, Hassidic communities are examples of Gemeinschaft, while states are types of Gesellschaft. Rules in Gemeinschaft are implicit, while Gesellschaft has explicit rules (written laws).

For more information see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_T%C3%B6nnies .

Douglas George How (1919- ), journalist and author, was born and educated in Canada. He worked as a reporter with the Moncton 'Times' before joining the Canadian Press bureau in Halifax (1940). Following service as a war correspondent for CP, How joined then in the- Parliamentary Press Gallery as a CP reporter (1945-1953). He served as executive assistant to Robert Winters, minister of Public Works (1955-1957), then with 'Time' magazine in Canada and United States. How was managing editor in Canada for 'Reader's digest' (1959-1969). How is author of a regimental history, 'Canada's mystery man of high finance,' (Izaak Killam), and of other works.

Ray Ellenwood, professor, translator and academic, was born in Edmonton and educated at the University of Alberta where he received his B.A. and M.A. in English, and at Rutgers University where he received his PhD in Comparative Literature in 1972. He became Assistant Professor in English at York University following his graduation from Rutgers and has been a Professor of English with the School of Arts and Letters at Atkinson College (renamed the Atkinson Faculty of Liberal and Professional Studies) since 1991. Ellenwood is the author of "Egregore: A History of the Montréal Automatist Movement" and has translated ten works by Quebecois authors including work by Jacques Ferron, Claude Gauvreau and Marie-Claire Blais. He was awarded the Canada Council Translation Prize in 1982 and has served on the jury of the Governor General's Award for Translation on three occasions.

Lawrence Gradus, choreographer (born 30 October 1936 in the Bronx, New York; died 7 January 2014 in Ottawa, ON). Trained in New York City, he first performed with the American Ballet Theatre in 1951, rising from corps member to soloist. He joined Les Grands Ballets Canadiens in 1968 and cofounded with Ludmilla Chiriaeff Les Compagnons de la danse, an educational touring group. Gradus formed his own company, Entre-six (1974), and the following year received the Jean A. Chalmers Choreographic Award. In 1980, Gradus moved to Ottawa to become founding artistic director of Theatre Ballet of Canada. He resigned in 1989 and has since worked as a ballet master, teacher and occasional choreographer. (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/m/article/lawrence-gradus/)

"The International Theatre Institute ITI is the world’s largest performing arts organization founded in 1948 by theatre and dance experts and UNESCO. Dedicated to performing arts, ITI advances UNESCO’s goals of mutual understanding and peace and advocates for the protection and promotion of cultural expressions, regardless of age, gender, creed or ethnicity. It works to these ends internationally and nationally in the areas of arts education, international exchange and collaboration, and youth training.[2] ITI organizes the International Dance Day and World Theatre Day every year at the UNESCO, Paris.[3][4]" (Wikipedia)

Ellie E. Prepas, Professor Emeritus of Natural Resource Management at Lakehead University, author and activist was born in Hamilton, Ontario and received her Bachelor of Mathematics degree from the University of Waterloo, her Master of Environmental Studies from York University in 1974 and her Doctorate from the University of Toronto in 1980. She was a prominent member of the Waffle movement in Canada.
Prepas joined the Waffle movement within the New Democratic Party (NDP) as a graduate student in 1971. The Waffle was a Canadian national socialist party that opposed American and foreign ownership of Canadian resources and industries. As a Waffler, Prepas participated in protests that included the Mackenzie Valley pipeline project and the Canada-US Auto Pact. Prepas was also a prominent member of the women’s group within the Waffle, advocating for women in the workforce and changes to the Criminal Code on the issue of abortion. During the 1972 Canadian Federal Election, Prepas was successfully nominated as the NDP candidate for the riding of Trinity-Spadina but resigned her candidacy prior to the election date due to the expulsion of the Waffle from the NDP.
Prepas’ early research centred on limnology, the study of fresh or saline waters within continental boundaries, which later expanded to studies of watershed disturbance and climate factors and their impact on surface water quality and biota. She taught at McGill University, the University of Alberta and Lakehead University. During her tenure at Lakehead University, she was awarded the Canada Research Chair by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada in 2001 and received it again in 2008. Prepas was involved with the Forest Watershed and Riparian Disturbance Project (FORWARD I to III) from 2001 to 2016.

Dr. Wenona Giles is a professor of Anthropology and Faculty Research Associate at the Centre for Refugee Studies at York University. She received a diploma from L'université d'Aix-Marseille in 1970 and a bachelors degree from the University of Santa Clara in 1971. She earned a degree in education from the University of British Columbia and completed her academic studies in anthropology, achieving a master’s degree in 1980 and a doctorate from the University of Toronto in 1987.
Giles is an author and contributing editor of several books on gender, migration, and refugees. Her titles include: Maid in the Market: Women’s Paid Domestic Labour (Halifax: Fernwood Press, 1994); Portuguese Women in Toronto: Gender, Immigration, and Nationalism (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002); and Refugees in Extended Exile: Living on the Edge (Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge, 2016). Giles’ research in the 1980s and 1990s focused on the experiences of Portuguese migrant women working in London, England, and Toronto, Canada. Since the late 1990s and 2000s, Giles’ research projects focused on the impact of conflict in regions such as Sri Lanka and the Balkans, the intersection between gender and forced migration, and the issue of higher education opportunities for long-term refugees and displaced people.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Augustus Desiré Waller FRS (18 July 1856 - 11 March 1922) was a British physiologist and the son of Augustus Volney Waller. He was born in Paris, France.

He created the first practical ECG machine with surface electrodes.

He died in London.

Fore more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Desir%C3%A9_Waller .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Anthony Wilson Thorold (1826-1895) was an Anglican Bishop of Winchester in the Victorian era. The son of a Church of England priest, he also served as Bishop of Rochester. It was in that role that he travelled throughout North America and met with important leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. While he wrote a number of devotional books, he is best remembered for having recruited Isabella Gilmore to revive the female diaconate in the Anglican Communion. Thorold was the second son of the Reverend Edward Thorold and his wife Mary (nee Wilson), and grandson of Sir John Thorold, 9th Baronet (1734-1815). He married Henrietta Greene and followed his father into a career in the Church of England. He served as vicar of St Giles in the Fields, Curzon Chapel, and St Pancras. His wife died in 1859 and he married secondly to Emily Labouchere, sister of the MP Henry Labouchere. They had three children: Algar Labouchere Thorold (1866-1936), Dorothy, and Sybil (later Countess de la Bédoyère). His descendants through Sybil include his grandson Michael de la Bédoyère and his great-great-grandson, the historian Guy de la Bédoyère.

In 1870 he was elected a member of the first London School Board, representing the Marylebone Division.

His second wife died in 1877, the same year he was made Bishop of Rochester. Thorold's cousin, Edward Trollope, was made suffragan bishop for Nottingham also that same year. Thorold had extensive travels, preaching in the United States in the late 19th century. During that time he visited The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints at Salt Lake City. He recalled that on 1 September 1884, "We went round the new Mormon Tabernacle, of solid granite, very massively built out of the tithes of the people. It is only one-third finished. Then into the tabernacle now in use, tortoise shape, and capable of holding 7000 people ... we passed the great co-operative store ... and Brigham Young's houses', near which was pointed out Mr. Taylor [presumably John Taylor], a very important and able ruler in the body". Thorold went on to the Great Salt Lake and noted "There is a bathing station here, and almost all the company, gentlemen and ladies, bathed in the sea, which, from the quantity of salt, it is quite impossible to sink". He travelled on and even reached Alaska before returning home.

In 1886, he recruited Isabella Gilmore, to revive the female diaconate in his diocese. Her initial reluctance, based on her lack of theological training and her lack of knowledge of the Deaconess Order, was worn down by Thorold. At the end of October 1886, she felt she received a calling during Morning Prayer. She later wrote, "it was just as if God’s voice had called me, and the intense rest and joy were beyond words." Gilmore and Bishop Thorold proceeded to plan for an Order of Deaconesses for the Church of England where the women were to be “a curiously effective combination of nurse, social worker and amateur policemen”. In 1887, Gilmore was ordained a deaconess and a training house for other woman was put in place, later to be named Gilmore House in her honor. In her nearly 20 years of service, she reestablished the female deaconate in the Anglican Communion. Unlike his cousin, Bishop Edward Trollope, Thorold performed little serious scholarship. He did write a number of devotional books, among them The Yoke of Christ (Isbister, London 1884), The Gospel of Christ (Isbister 1884), and The Claim of Christ on the Young (Isbister, London 1891. Shortly after his death in 1895, C. H. Simpkinson wrote The Life and Work of Bishop Thorold, published by Isbister in 1896. It contained many quotes from Thorold's correspondence and also accounts of his travels.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Thorold .

Edward Arthur Beder (1895-1978), political activist and author, was born in London, England in 1895 and subsequently emigrated to Canada where he established himself in business. In 1932, he became involved with the founders of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), at a time when he was writing for the 'Canadian forum'. He served as chairman of the Organization Committee for Ontario, organized the CCF Club in Toronto and other parts of the province and served as Vice-President of the first Ontario Provincial Council of the CCF. Beder also served as Secretary of the Canadian League Against War and Fascism and was Secretary of the Socialist Party of Canada (Ontario Section). Beder also lectured for the Workers' Education Alliance.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller (August 16, 1864 - August 6, 1937) was a German-British philosopher. Born in Altona, Holstein (at that time member of the German Confederation, but under Danish administration), Schiller studied at the University of Oxford, and later was a professor there, after being invited back after a brief time at Cornell University. Later in his life he taught at the University of Southern California. In his lifetime he was well known as a philosopher; after his death his work was largely forgotten.

Schiller's philosophy was very similar to and often aligned with the pragmatism of William James, although Schiller referred to it as "humanism". He argued vigorously against both logical positivism and associated philosophers (for example, Bertrand Russell) as well as absolute idealism (such as F.H. Bradley).

Schiller was an early supporter of evolution and a founding member of the English Eugenics Society. Born in 1864, one of three brothers and the son of Ferdinand Schiller (a Calcutta merchant), Schiller's family home was in Switzerland. Schiller was educated at Rugby and Balliol, and graduated in the first class of Literae Humaniores, winning later the Taylorian scholarship for German in 1887. Schiller's first book, Riddles of the Sphinx (1891), was an immediate success despite his use of a pseudonym because of his fears concerning how the book would be received. Between the years 1893 and 1897 he was an instructor in philosophy at Cornell University. In 1897 he returned to Oxford and became fellow and tutor of Corpus for more than thirty years. Schiller was president of the Aristotelian Society in 1921, and was for many years treasurer of the Mind Association. In 1926 he was elected a fellow of the British Academy. In 1929 he was appointed visiting professor in the University of Southern California, and spent half of each year in the United States and half in England. Schiller died in Los Angeles either August 6, 7, or 9th of 1937 after a long and lingering illness.

Schiller was a founding member of the English Eugenics Society and published three books on the subject; Tantalus or the Future of Man (1924), Eugenics and Politics (1926), and Social Decay and Eugenic Reform (1932). In 1891, F.C.S. Schiller made his first contribution to philosophy anonymously. Schiller feared that in his time of high naturalism, the metaphysical speculations of his Riddles of the Sphinx were likely to hurt his professional prospects (p. xi, Riddles). However, Schiller's fear of reprisal from his anti-metaphysical colleagues should not suggest that Schiller was a friend of metaphysics. Like his fellow pragmatists across the ocean, Schiller was attempting to stake out an intermediate position between both the spartan landscape of naturalism and the speculative excesses of the metaphysics of his time. In Riddles Schiller both,

(1) accuses naturalism (which he also sometimes calls "pseudometaphysics" or "positivism") of ignoring the fact that metaphysics is required to justify our natural description of the world, and
(2) accuses "abstract metaphysics" of losing sight of the world we actually live in and constructing grand, disconnected imaginary worlds.
The result, Schiller contends, is that naturalism cannot make sense of the "higher" aspects of our world (freewill, consciousness, God, purpose, universals), while abstract metaphysics cannot make sense of the "lower" aspects of our world (the imperfect, change, physicality). In each case we are unable to guide our moral and epistemological "lower" lives to the achievement of life's "higher" ends, ultimately leading to skepticism on both fronts. For knowledge and morality to be possible, both the world's lower and higher elements must be real; e.g. we need universals (a higher) to make knowledge of particulars (a lower) possible. This would lead Schiller to argue for what he at the time called a "concrete metaphysics", but would later call "humanism".

Shortly after publishing Riddles of the Sphinx, Schiller became acquainted with the work of pragmatist philosopher William James and this changed the course of his career. For a time, Schiller's work became focused on extending and developing James' pragmatism (under Schiller's preferred title, "humanism"). Schiller even revised his earlier work Riddles of the Sphinx to make the nascent pragmatism implicit in that work more explicit. In one of Schiller's most prominent works during this phase of his career, “Axioms as Postulates” (1903), Schiller extended James' will to believe doctrine to show how it could be used to justify not only an acceptance of God, but also our acceptance of causality, of the uniformity of nature, of our concept of identity, of contradiction, of the law of excluded middle, of space and time, of the goodness of God, and more. In Riddles, Schiller gives historical examples of the dangers of abstract metaphysics in the philosophies of Plato, Zeno, and Hegel, portraying Hegel as the worst offender: "Hegelianism never anywhere gets within sight of a fact, or within touch of reality. And the reason is simple: you cannot, without paying the penalty, substitute abstractions for realities; the thought-symbol cannot do duty for the thing symbolized".

Schiller argued that both abstract metaphysics and naturalism portray man as holding an intolerable position in the world. He proposed a method that not only recognizes the lower world we interact with, but takes into account the higher world of purposes, ideals and abstractions. Schiller also developed a method of philosophy intended to mix elements of both naturalism and abstract metaphysics in a way that allows us to avoid the twin scepticisms each method collapses into when followed on its own. However, Schiller does not assume that this is enough to justify his humanism over the other two methods. He accepts the possibility that both scepticism and pessimism are true.

As early as 1891 Schiller had independently reached a doctrine very similar to William James’ Will to Believe. As early as 1892 Schiller had independently developed his own pragmatist theory of truth. However, Schiller's concern with meaning was one he entirely imports from the pragmatisms of James and Peirce. Later in life Schiller musters all of these elements of his pragmatism to make a concerted attack on formal logic. Concerned with bringing down the timeless, perfect worlds of abstract metaphysics early in life, the central target of Schiller’s developed pragmatism is the abstract rules of formal logic. Statements, Schiller contends, cannot possess meaning or truth abstracted away from their actual use. Therefore examining their formal features instead of their function in an actual situation is to make the same mistake the abstract metaphysician makes. Symbols are meaningless scratches on paper unless they are given a life in a situation, and meant by someone to accomplish some task. They are tools for dealing with concrete situations, and not the proper subjects of study themselves.

Both Schiller’s theory of truth and meaning (i.e. Schiller’s pragmatism) derive their justification from an examination of thought from what he calls his humanist viewpoint (his new name for concrete metaphysics). He informs us that to answer “what precisely is meant by having a meaning” will require us to “raise the prior question of why we think at all.”. A question Schiller of course looks to evolution to provide.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._C._S._Schiller .

(from Wikipedia entry)

John Couch Adams FRS (5 June 1819 – 21 January 1892) was a British mathematician and astronomer. Adams was born in Laneast, near Launceston, Cornwall, and died in Cambridge. The Cornish name Couch is pronounced "cooch".

His most famous achievement was predicting the existence and position of Neptune, using only mathematics. The calculations were made to explain discrepancies with Uranus's orbit and the laws of Kepler and Newton. At the same time, but unknown to each other, the same calculations were made by Urbain Le Verrier. Le Verrier would assist Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle in locating the planet on 23 September 1846, which was found within 1° of its predicted location, a point in Aquarius. (There was, and to some extent still is, some controversy over the apportionment of credit for the discovery; see Discovery of Neptune.)

He was Lowndean Professor at the University of Cambridge for thirty-three years from 1859 to his death. He won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1866. In 1884, he attended the International Meridian Conference as a delegate for Britain.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams .