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Stephen Lyon Endicott fonds
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Series 4: United States biological warfare

Series consists of Endicott's research files pertaining to his Series 4: United States Biological Warfare. Records include textual material including photocopies of previously classified documents, correspondence, and photographs relating to United States biological warfare activities during the Korean war period 1950-1953. These materials collected over a twenty-five year period, beginning in 1976, are the product of research in the national archives and several military archives of the United States, Canada, the Peoples’ Republic of China, and interviews in the Democratic Peoples’ Republic of Korea, Japan and Britain. Based upon this research Endicott and his colleague Edward Hagerman, also of York University, collaborated to produce the book The United States Biological Warfare: Secrets from the Early Cold War and Korea (Indiana University Press, 1998) in which they conclude that the United States secretly engaged in large-scale field tests of biological weapons in Korea and China, committing an international war crime. The book has been translated into Korean in South Korea. At the time these records were donated, Endicott maintained that American authorities continue to deny biological warfare activities during the Korean War, and he believed the topic to be the most closely guarded Cold War secret of the United States government.

Stephen Lyon Endicott fonds

  • F0667
  • Fonds
  • [ca. 1910]-2018

Fonds consists of Endicott's detailed and extensive research files and drafts pertaining to his books; learning and teaching files; academic correspondence; occasional papers and presentations; and other material. Files are arranged in series as defined by him prior to donation.

Endicott, Stephen Lyon

Series 8: Correspondence (academic), occasional papers and presentations

Series consists of records pertaining to York and external correspondence between 1973-2017 including tenure and promotion files; the 1975-1976 Senior Killam Award; the Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Affairs sponsored by the University of Toronto and York University; the ‘Sasakawa Scholarship Affair’; and a series of book reviews, mainly for Pacific Affairs. There are also letters relating to Endicott’s book publications, researched papers presented by Endicott at forums and colloquia, texts published in journals, papers and more informal notes for talks at public libraries, schools, church groups, continuing education programs, TV and radio, on topics of contemporary interest. Finally, there are a number of files from Canadian and international China friendship associations.

Series 7: Learning and teaching

Series consists of records pertaining to Endicott's personal education and as an educator. First home-schooled by his mother, Mary Austin, during his childhood in rural China, Endicott continued his education at Vaughan Road Collegiate Institute, Toronto in the 1940s, followed by a summer Bible seminar at Camp Minesing in Algonquin Park, Ontario. From 1945-1949, Endicott earned his BA in the modern history honours program at the University of Toronto, studying under C.B. Macpherson, Northrup Frye, and Frank Underhill among others. In the 1960s, Endicott went on to pursue a teaching degree at the Ontario College of Education while working as secondary school teacher with the South Peel Board of Education. He subsequently completed his MA (History) at the University of Toronto in 1966, and his PhD at the School of Oriental & African Studies at the University of London in 1973. Endicott taught in the history department of Atkinson College at York University for 22 years until his retirement, having spent two sabbaticals teaching in China at Sichuan University, in Chengdu.

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