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“Toronto’s folk-bluegrass troubadours” https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/courier-archive/community/whats-on-this-week-aug-20-27-3016793

“he East Pointers are a Canadian contemporary folk music group from Prince Edward Island, who won the Juno Award for Traditional Roots Album of the Year for their album Secret Victory at the Juno Awards of 2017. The group originally consisted of guitarist Jake Charron, banjoist Koady Chaisson, and fiddler Tim Chaisson. They perform Celtic-influenced original songs and instrumentals with contemporary influences.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_East_Pointers

“A family group consisting of fiddling and step dancing siblings – Tom, Kerry & Julie Fitzgerald and Alanna Jenish on guitar. These siblings, from just outside of Canada’s renowned Ottawa Valley, have come a long way from their small town roots. Featuring 3-time Canadian Grandmaster Fiddle Champions and Ontario Open Step Dance Champions, this unique act features high-energy fiddling and mind-blowing step dancing. It is the rare combination of exceptional musicianship, incomparable step dancing, audience interaction, evident love of performing, and genuine sibling connection that resonates with audiences of all ages and sets this group apart.” https://www.thefitzgeraldsmusic.com/bio

“The Free Label is an Alt-Pop Partyband from Toronto, Canada. The group started their career playing house parties, local festivals and venues before their debut single “All Night” allowed them to tour internationally. The group is composed of lead vocalist Josh Daniel, guitarist Malik Mungo, keyboardist Cole Mendez, and bassist Mathew Fantini. The band is known for their free-flowing approach to creating and performing music, where all members are simultaneously vocalists, multi-instrumentalists and producers.” https://www.submithub.com/artist/the-free-label

“The Fretless are a Canadian folk music group based in Toronto, Ontario. The group, consisting of violinists Trent Freeman, Karrnnel Sawitsky and Ben Plotnick, and cellist Eric Wright, won the Juno Award for Instrumental Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2017.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fretless

"A folk collective headed by songwriters Adrian Glynn and Brendan McLeod, the band has toured extensively through Canada, Western Europe, and the UK. They're joined by banjo player Chris Suen (Viper Central) and violinist Carly Frey (The Coal Porters). Over the past twelve years, they’ve earned a reputation for unforgettable live shows, brimming with complex harmonies, infectious storytelling and top-notch musicianship. [...] Performance highlights include major folk festivals across Canada, headlining slots in overseas americana festivals, and a 2019 sold-out run across Germany." http://www.fugitives.ca/about

"The Good Lovelies are a Canadian folk/country harmony trio, consisting of Caroline Brooks, Kerri Ough and Sue Passmore. [..] They can be described as a country/folk trio, with tinges of pop, roots, jazz and sometimes hip-hop mixed in. The group's three members, Brooks from Whitby, Ough from Port Hope and Passmore from Cobourg, were all performing as solo artists in the Toronto area when they came together in 2006 to perform at a Christmas concert at Toronto's Gladstone Hotel." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Good_Lovelies

“The Grass Mountain Hobos are a wandering pack of neer'do'wells hailing from the folk music mecca of Prince Edward Island. With two East Coast Music Awards and six Music PEI Awards to their credit, they have toured folk festival circuits throughout the US, Canada, and the UK. The Hobos musical style has been compared to the steam-train banjo-driven folk music styles of Mumford and Sons and Trampled by Turtles - their performances are an explosion of pent up emotion which leave fans the feeling of having bathed in the fountain of youth.” https://www.grassmountainhobos.com/copy-of-home

"Besides the fact this is actually a quartet and not a trio, the Great Wooden Trio is a unique group whose electic style and presentation fascinates their audience. These are four independent artists dedicated to reviving the lost art of listening. They are a guitarist, percussionist, singer and storyteller, and together they mix lyrical acoustic grooves, brillant harmonies and world beat rhythms, and weave them together through legends, folk tales and personal stories." Mariposa Folk Festival programme, 2009, p. 57

“The Griddle Pickers are an acoustic country and bluegrass band, dedicated to producing organic, homegrown music. Based out of Orillia, Ontario, the hometown of folk hero Gordon Lightfoot and the legendary Mariposa Folk Festival, these musicians have been steeped in the areas diverse blend of musical traditions. The result is The Griddle Pickers, a band that delights audiences with a mix of the traditional and original tunes. The group originated in the summer of 2012, when banjoist Sean Patrick was invited to participate in the annual Arts for Peace rally. Sean assembled a family band comprised of his brother Dale Patrick, girlfriend Sarah Milner, and her father Mike Milner. Realizing their potential as a band, the group formed The Griddle Pickers early in 2013, and have gone on to play various events in central Ontario.” https://soundcloud.com/thegriddlepickers

The Gurkha Welfare Appeal (Canada) was a government registered charitable organization in operation between 1973 and 2004. GWA(C) was the Canadian branch of Gurkha Welfare Trust, based in the United Kingdom. These organizations, with the Gurkha Welfare Trust (USA) and the Kadoorie Agricultural Aid Association (KAAA), constituted the international Gurkha Welfare Scheme (GWS).

The Gurkha Welfare Trust was established to provide for the welfare of retired Gurkha soldiers and their dependents living in poverty in Nepal. Gurkha soldiers, recruited in the hills of Nepal, have served the British Crown since 1815. The Gurkha brigades participated in both World Wars and countless military conflicts of the past two centuries and have been highly celebrated for their heroism and bravery.

GWA(C), which officially launched in January 1973, reoriented the aims of the international trust by helping not only the ex-servicemen and their families but also the broader communities in which the Gurkhas lived. The charity directed funds to improve the quality of life in the hill communities of Nepal. GWA(C) was funded by the Canadian Educational Development and Relief (CEDAR) programme of the Canadian International Development Administration (CIDA) between 1975 and 1989, and by private donations.

Between June 1975 and August 1989, GWA(C) built the following development projects in Nepal: 131 drinking water supply schemes; six suspension bridges; three irrigation canals; 22 outreach centres (or Area Welfare Centres), where ex-servicemen submitted applications for assistance and received pensions and primary medical care; 22 schools and hostel buildings; an ex-servicemen rest house; and the Dharan school for blind children, completed in 1998. The GWA(C) also contributed to the international relief effort following the 1988 earthquake in Nepal.

The CEDAR programme closed on 1 July 1989 due to lack of funding. Afterwards, only a small project office was retained to perform repair, maintenance, and improvements of the Area Welfare Centres (AWCs) in Nepal. For example, small improvements to the AWCs, such as building covered walkways, office extensions, and pension shelters, were completed during this period. GWA(C) ceased operations in Nepal in March 2003 and officially closed in 2004. Since then, the Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) assumed responsibility for the maintenance of the AWCs.

Maj. Michael Burke (1925-2004) was the Secretary for the GWA(C) from its inception until his death. Born in Karachi, present-day Pakistan, Maj. Burke studied at the St. Lawrence School in Sanawar, India. He was an officer with the 4th Gurkhas and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. He immigrated to Canada in 1958 and taught in the Metropolitan Separate School Board until his retirement in 1991. In recognition of his efforts for the GWA(C), he received the M.B.E. from the Queen at Buckingham Palace in June 1983. Following his death in 2004, Maj. Burke’s widow, Carol Burke, and Bill Smith were appointed joint Secretaries of GWA(C) and oversaw its closing.

"Harpoonist & The Axe Murderer are a Vancouver based blues duo, consisting of Shawn Hall and Matthew Rogers." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpoonist_%26_The_Axe_Murderer

“The Heavyweights Brass Band hits hard with its seasoned blend of groove, energy, virtuosity, and originality! For over a decade, this Toronto-based, New Orleans-inspired brass institution has brought theatre-goers to their feet and club-goers to the dance floor with an inspiring blend of original music and unexpected covers. The decision is in and audience members across North America unanimously give the win to HWBB in a knockout! Their music has been featured on film, commercials, radio, and television and they have performed and recorded with the best in the game from percussion legend Giovanni Hidalgo to NOLA legends Roger Lewis of the Dirty Dozen Brass band and Joe Lastie of Preservation Hall fame. Their extensive touring experience has given them the opportunity to share the stage with the likes of Trombone Shorty, The Roots, and The Soul Rebels, among many others.” https://heavyweightsbrassband.com/

“The Imbayakunas' music allows the listener to escape on an exotic voyage to a South American traditional Native community. Our musical intention is to share the rich sounds of the Andean regions. In Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia traditional music is the privileged expression of 20 million Quechua and 4 million Aymaras. Our music ranges from the traditional sounds of Yarabi, San Juan, Albasos, Tinkus, Huaynos, Tobas, Taquiraris and Sayas to the more contemporary sounds of Cumbias, Bombas, Rumbas and Ballads. We play traditional Andean Native music with an infusion of Latin and European sounds. Our traditional instruments are the pan flutes, rondador, charango, drum, ronrroco and cajas. We also use newer instruments like the guitar, violin, bandolin and bass. The mixing of these sounds allows us to expand our art. We have been told by our audiences that our distinctive melodies speak to the heart and soul. Some of our rhythms are pensive and incorporate sounds of the natural world while others are upbeat and very danceable. The songs are sung in Spanish and also Quechua (pronounced "kee - chew - ahh"). Themes of the songs are of respect for "Pacha Mama" (mother earth in Quechua), annual Andean festivals, working overseas, love and new romance.” http://theimbayakunas.com/

The International Commission for Coordination of Solidarity Among Sugar Workers (ICCSASW) was an ecumenical church-sponsored organization founded in 1983. It emerged from the work begun by GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)-Fly, an inter-church initiative for an alternative trade policy. GATT-Fly’s initial focus was the sugar trade, chosen and researched as a case study of the impact of international trade policy on developing countries. GATT-Fly’s efforts to bring about an International Sugar Agreement (to provide a fair return to sugar exporting countries) were unsuccessful, however their research and network building linked Canadian missionaries in sugar exporting countries with local workers’ organizations. This led in 1983 to the creation of ICCSASW, financed largely by church overseas development agencies. Based in Toronto, Canada, ICCSASW had a 10-member international steering committee of sugar union leaders.

ICCSASW aimed to provide an independent forum and build solidarity among workers across the political spectrum, through solidarity campaigns, national and regional seminars, international conferences and its monthly newsletter “Sugar World.” In 1998, ICCSASW ceased to exist due to lack of funding, although much of ICCSASW’s work has continued under the Geneva-based International Union of Food Workers (IUF), a trade secretariat. A more detailed administrative history and a list of contents written by ICCSASW executive secretary, Reg McQuaid, have been added by the archivist to file 2006-060/001(01) “Historical notes from the executive director about ICCSASW and SWIERL [Sugar Workers and Industry Education Resource Library]”.

“Fronted by JD Edwards, the JD Edwards Band is a 6 piece Winnipeg based group with a fascinating history and a brand new story to tell. The JDEB is anything, but a genre driven act. The six-piece group seamlessly ranges from an electric folk-rock sound, a groovy soul vibe and a laid back acoustic experience that even the pickiest music fan can enjoy. Starting out in Oshawa, Ontario making his way to Kingston then Toronto, and finally a brotherly visit in Winnipeg. Drawn in by the vibrant music scene and the cheap rent, JD decided to make Winnipeg his permanent stay. Shortly after his decision to take up residency, JD met Mike Ormonde & Matt Robins at a bowling alley on lane 27 one night in late October 2005. With roots in the Winnipeg music scene, the fellas introduced JD to many other musicians and later to the current band line-up with Jesse Ives, Jake Bell, Alex Campbell, Mike Ormonde and Matt Robins. With a diverse melting pot of musicians, Winnipeg proved to be the perfect homestead to form the signature JD Edwards Band sound. Delivered with a contagious optimism and energy, each performance JD is able to draw in audiences with a real sense of musical purity. Offering a full pallet of textures and sounds the JD Edwards Band always manages to musically acknowledge their influences without compromising their integrity or principle.” Band members include JD Edwards – Lead Vocals, Acoustic/Electric Guitar; Mike Ormonde – Lead Guitar/Vocals; Jessie Ives – Bass; Jake Bell – Drums; Alex Campbell – Keys/Organ/Vocals; Matt Robins – Guitar/Vocals. https://summerfolk.org/performers/j-d-edwards/

“The Jerry Cans are a band from Iqaluit, Nunavut who combine traditional Inuit throat singing with folk music and country rock. Their music is largely written in Inuktitut, the indigenous language of the Inuit, with lyrics which "reflect the challenges and beauty of life in the Far North".” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerry_Cans

"The John Henrys have developed a reputation for tight musicianship, original arrangements and well crafted song writing. Band members Rey Sabatin (lead vocals / guitarist), Steve Tatone (keyboards), Doug Gouthro (guitar), Darryl Quinlan (bass) and Geoff Ward (drums) all contribute to the songwriting and production, and a deep appreciation for vintage instruments and analog recording that is heard through their music. [...] The John Henrys first hit the Canadian music scene with the release of their self-titled debut album released locally in their hometown of Ottawa in 2004. With the support from the local college radio station CKCU the album went to #1 and was featured extensively on CBC radio, including a performance on the national show Definitely Not The Opera. Over the next few years The John Henrys expanded their fan base touring with The Sadies, Cuff the Duke, the Golden Dogs, Elliot Brood and FembBots. [...] The John Henrys take their name from the John Henry of popular folklore, who has been immortalized in dozens of traditional folk songs. As the story goes, John Henry was a giant who labored laying railway tracks and digging tunnels. He challenged the first steam powered drilling machine to a race to determine what was stronger – man or machine. His superhuman effort won him the race, after which he immediately died of exhaustion." http://www.sonicbids.com/band/thejohnhenrys/

“The Kruger Brothers is a trio of musicians who play bluegrass and new American folk music. The trio consists of Jens Kruger (banjo, harmony vocals), Uwe Kruger (guitar, lead and harmony vocals) and Joel Landsberg (bass, harmony vocals). Originally from Switzerland, where the trio first formed, Jens Krüger and Uwe Krüger later moved to Wilkes County, NC. The brothers began playing North American folk music at an early age and were particularly inspired by recordings of Doc Watson, Flatt and Scruggs, Bill Monroe, and other progenitors of country, bluegrass and folk music. Their first public performances were as a duo, busking on the streets of cities throughout eastern and western Europe. Later, after gaining a recording contract as well as a radio show on SRG SSR, the Swiss public broadcaster, they teamed up with bass player Joel Landsberg, inaugurating a trio that has been playing professionally together since 1995.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruger_Brothers

“The Kubasonics are a Ukrainian-Canadian speed-folk band based in St. John's, Newfoundland. Originally from Edmonton, Alberta, The Kubasonics are honoured in the Ukrainian Canadian community for recreating traditional Ukrainian melodies, with a twist.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubasonics

“The Lonesome Ace Stringband is an old-time band with bluegrass credentials playing some righteous Americana music. There's a depth of groove and sense of space not often heard in bluegrass today, a level of instrumental interplay uncommon in old-time, and an on-stage rapport that transcends all of this. Three Canadians lost in the weird and wonderful traditional country music of the American South, the band members Chris Coole (banjo), John Showman (fiddle) and Max Malone (bass) are each journeyman musicians and veterans of some of Canada's top roots music acts (New Country Rehab, The David Francey Band, The Foggy Hogtown Boys, Fiver).” https://lonesomeace.com/about

“The MacKenzie Blues Band are one of the hottest bands out of Owen Sound. Featuring the powerhouse vocals of Tara MacKenzie alongside the guitar of Trevor MacKenzie with Joel Dawson on bass and Mike Weir on drums they were voted best new artist or group at the 2014 Maple Blues Awards.” https://folkrootsradio.com/the-mackenzie-blues-band-the-interview/

“The Métis Fiddler Quartet is a bilingual family ensemble based in Toronto that performs traditional Métis fiddle music all over Ontario.” https://www.metisnation.org/news/fiddlers/ (See also http://www.cbc.ca/doczone/8thfire/2012/01/metis-fiddler-quartet.html.)

“The Milk Carton Kids are an American indie folk duo from Eagle Rock, California, United States, consisting of singers and guitarists Kenneth Pattengale and Joey Ryan, who began making music together in early 2011. The band has recorded and released six albums: Retrospect, Prologue, The Ash & Clay, Monterey, All the Things That I Did and All the Things That I Didn't Do, and The Only Ones. They are noted for releasing their first two albums free of charge. The band was featured on the Peacock TV show Girls5Eva with the new song New York Lonely Boy.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Milk_Carton_Kids

“The Most Loyal is Sarah Davignon and Andrew Patten's band, also known as "Caitlin's Band" and also contains Ian Mackay, Ian Koiter, Melissa Burke, and Dave Burke.” https://themostloyals.bandcamp.com/

"The New Pornographers are a Canadian indie rock band, formed in 1997 in Vancouver. Presented as a musical collective and supergroup of singer-songwriters and musicians from multiple projects, the band has released eight studio albums to date. The band have received critical acclaim for their use of multiple vocalists and songwriters, as well as for the elements of power pop incorporated into their music. Members: Kathryn Calder, Neko Case, John Collins, Todd Fancey, Carl Newman, Joe Seiders." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Pornographers

"The Once is a folk trio based in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. The group features Geraldine Hollett on lead vocals and vocalist-instrumentalists Phil Churchill and Andrew Dale playing a variety of instruments. The group performs a mix of original and traditional material and is noted for their three part harmonies, which are sometimes performed a cappella." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Once

“For the past 20 years The Paddling Puppeteers have been touring Canada with their nature and history based musical puppet shows. In the early years the show was packed into a “Wiigwaas-Jiimaan” Ojibway style birch bark canoe and we traveled from show to show along the waterways of Ontario. “Honest Frankie the Frog’s Shoreline Review” has been a popular show ever since, a show all about the natural and cultural history of Ontario waterways with a message of nature stewardship. More recently our light hearted and humorous show “Plugging into Nature” is all about turning off the screen and getting outside to connect with nature and to promote mental and physical wellness. Our latest show “The Great Geo-Story” travels back in time featuring creatures from millions of years ago including the ever popular Wolly Mammoth! All of the shows are full of original sing-a-long songs, colourful puppets, string stories and more! After 20 years of performing at folk festivals, schools, libraries, museums, First Nations communities and provincial and national parks we feel like we are just getting started and can’t wait for our next show! We also offer puppet making, soap stone carving and nature game workshops and can even provide trees from our tree nursery as a “hands on” way to help care for our home the earth.” https://www.philandglen.com/paddling-puppeteers

"The Paper Kites are an Australian indie rock/folk rock band from Melbourne, Victoria. The band was formed in 2009 by lead vocalist/guitarist Sam Bentley and keyboardist/guitarist Christina Lacy. To date, the band has released five studio albums and four EPs. Their latest studio album, Roses, was released on 12 March 2021. Members: Sam Bentley, Christina Lacy, Dave Powys, Sam Rasmussen, Josh Bentley." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Paper_Kites

"The Proclaimers are a Scottish rock duo formed in 1983 by twin brothers Craig and Charlie Reid who were born on 5 March 1962. They came to attention with their 1987 single "Letter from America", which reached No. 3 in the United Kingdom, and the 1988 single "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)", which topped charts in Australia, Iceland and New Zealand. The Proclaimers have sold over 5 million albums worldwide. First active from 1983 as an acoustic duo, the Proclaimers moved toward band-oriented rock in later works. The Proclaimers' style draws from a diversity of influences, including country, folk, and punk rock. Their playing range has included roots rock, alternative rock and folk rock, and their music is typified by their Scottish accents. The Proclaimers often tour internationally, and have released 11 studio albums since 1987, the most recent being 2018's Angry Cyclist, as well as three compilation albums and a DVD." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Proclaimers

“Reid Jamieson + Carolyn Victoria Mill (and sometimes special guests Anne Lindsay, Mary Margaret O’Hara, John Sheard etc) = The Reid Jamieson Band. Our shows are an eclectic mix of our originals and tasty covers. We also have a 50s era show The Presley Sessions Review, plus our new folk opera fundraiser The Pigeon and The Dove.” https://reidjamieson.com/about/

Rucksack Willies is a six-person old style country band. The front-woman of the band, Angela Hilts, song write for the band.

"The Slocan Ramblers are a Canadian bluegrass music group from Toronto, Ontario." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Slocan_Ramblers

"From the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia, Canada, brothers Allan Spinney, on guitar and vocals and Rick Spinney on banjo and vocals, debuted their band in 1991. Known as Canada’s International Bluegrass Band, they featured a tight brother duet vocal style that was immediately recognized for its energetic and distinctive sound." https://www.spinneybrothers.com/

“The Wooden Sky are a Canadian indie folk band based in Toronto, Ontario. The band originated after lead singer Gavin Gardiner, of Morden, Manitoba, wrote songs for a school project while attending Ryerson University (now Toronto Metropolitan University). He formed the band with bassist Andrew Wyatt and drummer Chris Cocca, who has left the band. They originally formed as Friday Morning's Regret, releasing the song "The Wooden Sky" on the Friends in Bellwoods compilation album, but opted to change the band's name to The Wooden Sky before releasing their debut album.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wooden_Sky

"The Young'uns are an English folk group from Stockton, County Durham, England, who won the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards "Best Group" award in 2015 and 2016 and “Best Album” for Strangers in 2018. They specialise in singing unaccompanied, and they perform traditional shanties, contemporary songs such as Billy Bragg's "Between the Wars" and Sydney Carter's "John Ball", and original works including "You Won’t Find Me on Benefits Street". The members are Sean Cooney, David Eagle and Michael Hughes." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young%27uns

"Kelly Thibodeau animates Cajun fiddling with his dynamic approach and engaging style. Coming to Mariposa from his Baton Rouge, Lousiana, via Oregon, Kelly's Cajun fiddling style thrills aficionados and wins new converts with every performance. Not only does he entertain with his 'swamp rock', but Kelly educates as well. Mariposa audience members are invited to join-in at Kelly's interactive workshops to learn, hands-on, how to play the fiddle. He guarantees that within an hour, you'll be able to scratch out a few pleasing sounds on one of the instruments he provides." Mariposa Folk Festival programme, 2009, p. 47

Ralph Thicknesse (1856-19230 was most likely a legal scholar who wrote "A digest of the law of husband and wife" (1884).

Lauretta Thistle (1917- ) journalist, was born in Nova Scotia and educated at Mount Allison University (BA). She moved to Ottawa and was employed in government departments during World War II prior to joining the 'Ottawa citizen' as assistant music and drama critic in 1947. Two years later she became music and drama editor, and chief critic for the paper. She took an interest in other art forms and by 1960 was concentrating solely on dance reviewing, both for the 'Citizen,' and as a regular contributor to 'Dance news'. In the 1970s she began writing for 'Dance in Canada,' covered dance events for the Southam newspaper chain, and contributed to 'Dance encyclopedia,' and a German annual on dance.

Clara McCandless Thomas (1919-2013) and John Watt Lennox (1945- ), professors of English at York University, were collaborators on a study of the life of William Arthur Deacon, book review critic for the 'Globe and mail'. Thomas was with York University since 1961, retiring from active teaching in 1984, when she was named emeritus professor in the English Department. The author of several books on Canadian literature, Thomas wrote 'The Manawaka journals of Margaret Laurence,' and a biography of Anna Jameson. Lennox was educated in Canada, receiving his PhD from the University of New Brunswick (1976), and taught at York since 1970, serving as chair of the graduate programme in English (1987-1990), and as director of the Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies (1985-1988). He is the editor of 'Margaret Laurence - Al Purdy, a friendship in letters: selected correspondence,' (1993) and of 'Charles W. Gordon ("Ralph Connor") and his works,' (1988).

Ian Thomas is a Canadian rock singer-songwriter, author, and actor from Hamilton, Ontario. He is a part of the Canadian music group "Lunch at Allen's".

Stephen Morley Thomas (1945- ) was born in Kingston, Ontario. He earned an Honours Bachelor of Arts degree in History from the University of Western Ontario in 1968 and a Masters of Arts in Historical Geography from York University in 1971. In the early 1970s, Thomas taught geography and history; from 1970 to 1971, he taught at the International School Eerde in the Netherlands and from 1971 to 1972 at the Crescent School, a private boys' school in Toronto. Between 1977 and 1978, Thomas taught Labour History and Human Studies at Humber College. With an interest in international development, Thomas sought a job with Oxfam Ontario in 1973. The only position available was as the organization's fundraiser, which Thomas accepted. There, he gained his first experiences with direct response mail. Following his time at Oxfam, Thomas spent two years (1975-1977) as Director of Development at Humber College. In 1977, Thomas became the New Democratic Party's first professional fundraiser, a position in which he would continue until the creation of his company, Stephen Thomas Associates, in 1980. Two years later Stephen Thomas Associates Consulting Limited was established as the first Canadian-owned and -operated direct marketing agency specializing in fundraising for not-for-profit organizations. Since its establishment, the company's clients have largely been organizations devoted to democracy and socialism, health, humanitarianism, environmentalism, children and youth services, feminist and women's issues, disability and rehabilitation and public broadcasting. Clients have included the New Democratic Party, the Red Cross Society, the Schizophrenia Society, Oxfam Canada, Amnesty International, Greenpeace, Kids Help Phone, Planned Parenthood, the Ontario March of Dimes, Friends of Canadian Broadcasting and TVOntario. During its first years, Stephen Thomas Limited worked exclusively at producing mailing campaigns. The company expanded its direct marketing services in 1984 to include telephone solicitations. In 1989, Stephen Thomas Limited began to conduct campaigns via Electronic Mail, a telegram-style product administered by Canada Post. During the 1990s the company expanded its services once more to include planned gifts and bequests, intermediate giving, magazine advertisements, special events, email fundraising, mailing lists management, brokering and analysis and general fundraising consulting. In 2003, Stephen Thomas Associates Consulting Limited became known as Stephen Thomas Limited. The firm merged with FRM Consulting (a strategic and data analytics consultancy) and marketing firm Gail Picco Associates in 2006 and began to specialize in direct and digital marketing, database analytics, capital campaigns, branding and communications. Thomas' work in the direct response marketing field has been recognized on several occasions. The Canadian (Direct) Marketing Association awarded Thomas the Directors' Choice Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998. In 2002, Thomas was presented with the Outstanding Fundraising Executive Award by the Association of Fundraising Professionals Greater Toronto Chapter. In 2006, Amnesty International honoured Thomas for 25 years of fundraising on its behalf.

Most likely Charles John Samuel Thomson (1862-1943), the Archbishop of York.

Victor Albert (Tommy) Thompson was born in England in 1920 and moved to Canada in 1947 with his wife, Isobel Allen. After his retirement in 1985 he attended York University (Toronto, Ontario) as a full-time student from 1986-1994, obtaining both his BA and MA in history. His MA thesis was based on the People or Planes (POP) Commitee’s efforts to stop the Pickering airport. Thompson and his wife were personally involved with POP, Isobel as Publicity Director and Tommy as Vice-Chairman of the organization.

Victor Albert (Tommy) Thompson was born in England in 1920 and moved to Canada in 1947 with his wife, Isobel Allen. After his retirement in 1985 he attended York University (Toronto, Ontario) as a full-time student from 1986-1994, obtaining both his BA and MA in history. His MA thesis was based on the People or Planes (POP) Commitee's efforts to stop the Pickering airport. Thompson and his wife were personally involved with POP, Isobel as Publicity Director and Tommy as Vice-Chairman of the organization.

(from Wikipedia entry)

The Most Rev. William Thomson FRS, FRGS (11 February 1819 - 25 December 1890) was an English church leader, Archbishop of York from 1862 until his death. He was born at Whitehaven, Cumberland, and educated at Shrewsbury School and at The Queen's College, Oxford, of which he became a scholar. He took his B.A. degree in 1840, and was soon afterwards made fellow of his college. He was ordained in 1842, and worked as a curate at Cuddesdon. In 1847 he was made tutor of his college, and in 1853 he delivered the Bampton lectures, his subject being The Atoning Work of Christ viewed in Relation to some Ancient Theories. These thoughtful and learned lectures established his reputation and did much to clear the ground for subsequent discussions on the subject. Thomson's activity was not confined to theology. He was made fellow of the Royal Society and the Royal Geographical Society. He also wrote a very popular Outline of the Laws of Thought. He sided with the party at Oxford which favoured university reform, but this did not prevent him from being appointed provost of his college in 1855. In 1858 he was made preacher at Lincoln's Inn and a volume of his sermons was published in 1861. In the same year he edited Aids to Faith, a volume written in opposition to Essays and Reviews, the progressive sentiments of which had stirred up controversy in the Church of England.

In December 1861 he became Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, and within a year he was elevated to Archbishop of York. In this position his moderate orthodoxy led him to join Archbishop Archibald Campbell Tait in supporting the Public Worship Regulation Act, and, as president of the northern convocation, he came frequently into sharp collision with the lower house of that body. But if he thus incurred the hostility of the High Church party among the clergy, he was admired by the laity for his strong sense, his clear and forcible reasoning, and his wide knowledge, and he remained to the last a power in the north of England. In his later years he published an address read before the members of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1868), one on Design in Nature, for the Christian Evidence Society, which reached a fifth edition, various charges and pastoral addresses, and he was one of the projectors of the Speaker's Commentary, for which he wrote the "Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels."

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomson_(bishop) .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Sir John Arthur Thomson (8 July 1861 - 12 February 1933) was a Scottish naturalist who authored several notable books and was an expert on soft corals. Born in Saltoun, East Lothian, he taught at the Royal (Dick) Veterinary College from 1893 until 1899 then University of Aberdeen from 1899 until 1930, the year he was knighted. His popular works sought to reconcile science and religion. Thomson's Outline of Science, published in 1922, sold more than one hundred thousand copies in five years. In his Gifford lectures and a number of books written with his friend Patrick Geddes he argued for a form of holistic biology in which the activity of the living organism could transcend the physical laws governing its component parts. Some had termed the work of Geddes and Thomson as neovitalist though the position presented in their books is more closer to panpsychism as Thomson had claimed that mind can not emerge from matter and that it has existed in nature all the time. Thomson had believed there was life at all levels, he wrote that "there is nothing inanimate". He had however found the vitalist ideas of Henri Bergson inspirational.

According to Peter J. Bowler Thomson was a popular science writer who had promoted a nonmaterialist interpretation of science though his interpretation was not accepted by all within the scientific community as some had claimed his views were neovitalist and thus outdated.

Thomson had also promoted the importance of symbiosis and cooperation in nature as opposed to the idea of struggle.

While at the University of Aberdeen Thomson supervised the research of respected carcinologist Isabella Gordon.

He died in Limpsfield, Surrey.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Arthur_Thomson.

Algar Labouchere Thorold (1866-1936), son of Anthony Wilson Thorold (1826-1895) was an Anglican Bishop of Winchester in the Victorian era, and his wife Emily Labouchere, sister of the MP Henry Labouchere.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Anthony Wilson Thorold (1826-1895) was an Anglican Bishop of Winchester in the Victorian era. The son of a Church of England priest, he also served as Bishop of Rochester. It was in that role that he travelled throughout North America and met with important leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. While he wrote a number of devotional books, he is best remembered for having recruited Isabella Gilmore to revive the female diaconate in the Anglican Communion. Thorold was the second son of the Reverend Edward Thorold and his wife Mary (nee Wilson), and grandson of Sir John Thorold, 9th Baronet (1734-1815). He married Henrietta Greene and followed his father into a career in the Church of England. He served as vicar of St Giles in the Fields, Curzon Chapel, and St Pancras. His wife died in 1859 and he married secondly to Emily Labouchere, sister of the MP Henry Labouchere. They had three children: Algar Labouchere Thorold (1866-1936), Dorothy, and Sybil (later Countess de la Bédoyère). His descendants through Sybil include his grandson Michael de la Bédoyère and his great-great-grandson, the historian Guy de la Bédoyère.

In 1870 he was elected a member of the first London School Board, representing the Marylebone Division.

His second wife died in 1877, the same year he was made Bishop of Rochester. Thorold's cousin, Edward Trollope, was made suffragan bishop for Nottingham also that same year. Thorold had extensive travels, preaching in the United States in the late 19th century. During that time he visited The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints at Salt Lake City. He recalled that on 1 September 1884, "We went round the new Mormon Tabernacle, of solid granite, very massively built out of the tithes of the people. It is only one-third finished. Then into the tabernacle now in use, tortoise shape, and capable of holding 7000 people ... we passed the great co-operative store ... and Brigham Young's houses', near which was pointed out Mr. Taylor [presumably John Taylor], a very important and able ruler in the body". Thorold went on to the Great Salt Lake and noted "There is a bathing station here, and almost all the company, gentlemen and ladies, bathed in the sea, which, from the quantity of salt, it is quite impossible to sink". He travelled on and even reached Alaska before returning home.

In 1886, he recruited Isabella Gilmore, to revive the female diaconate in his diocese. Her initial reluctance, based on her lack of theological training and her lack of knowledge of the Deaconess Order, was worn down by Thorold. At the end of October 1886, she felt she received a calling during Morning Prayer. She later wrote, "it was just as if God’s voice had called me, and the intense rest and joy were beyond words." Gilmore and Bishop Thorold proceeded to plan for an Order of Deaconesses for the Church of England where the women were to be “a curiously effective combination of nurse, social worker and amateur policemen”. In 1887, Gilmore was ordained a deaconess and a training house for other woman was put in place, later to be named Gilmore House in her honor. In her nearly 20 years of service, she reestablished the female deaconate in the Anglican Communion. Unlike his cousin, Bishop Edward Trollope, Thorold performed little serious scholarship. He did write a number of devotional books, among them The Yoke of Christ (Isbister, London 1884), The Gospel of Christ (Isbister 1884), and The Claim of Christ on the Young (Isbister, London 1891. Shortly after his death in 1895, C. H. Simpkinson wrote The Life and Work of Bishop Thorold, published by Isbister in 1896. It contained many quotes from Thorold's correspondence and also accounts of his travels.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Thorold .

“Three Women and The Truth is a trio of accomplished, richly talented, multiple award winning female songwriters, Mary Gauthier, Gretchen Peters and Eliza Gilkyson, whose songs cut through the murky layers of life's complexities and bring clarity to many of the challenges we all long to make sense of. Writing from their life’s experience, these songwriters are skilled in balancing personal tales with classic underpinnings, which hint at the evocative idea that all our lives are full of events and incidents that touch on the mythic and the timeless.” https://www.pitchforksocial.com/shows/2018/7/11/three-women-and-the-truth

(from Wikipedia entry)

Edward Bradford Titchener D.Sc., Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D. (January 11, 1867 - August 3, 1927) was a British psychologist who studied under Wilhelm Wundt for several years. Titchener is best known for creating his version of psychology that described the structure of the mind; structuralism. He created the largest doctoral program in the United States (at the time) after becoming a professor at Cornell University, and his first graduate student, Margaret Floy Washburn, became the first woman to be granted a PhD in psychology (1894). Titchener attended Malvern College and then went on to Oxford from 1885 to 1890. At Oxford, Titchener first began to read the works of Wilhelm Wundt. During his time at Oxford, Titchener translated the first volume of the third edition of Wundt’s book Principles of Physiological Psychology from German into English. After receiving his degree from Oxford in 1890, Titchener went on to Leipzig in Germany to study with Wundt. He completed his doctoral program and went on to take a position as a professor at Cornell University where he taught his view on the ideas of Wundt to his students in the form of structuralism. Titchener’s ideas on how the mind worked were heavily influenced by Wundt’s theory of voluntarism and his ideas of Association and Apperception (the passive and active combinations of elements of consciousness respectively). Titchener attempted to classify the structures of the mind in the way a chemist breaks down chemicals into their component parts—water into hydrogen and oxygen, for example. Thus, for Titchener, just as hydrogen and oxygen were structures, so were sensations and thoughts. He conceived of hydrogen and oxygen as structures of a chemical compound, and sensations and thoughts as structures of the mind. A sensation, according to Titchener, had four distinct properties: intensity, quality, duration, and extent. Each of these related to some corresponding quality of stimulus, although some stimuli were insufficient to provoke their relevant aspect of sensation. He further differentiated particular types of sensations: auditory sensation, for example, he divided into "tones" and "noises." Ideas and perceptions he considered to be formed from sensations; "ideational type" was related to the type of sensation on which an idea was based, e.g., sound or vision, a spoken conversation or words on a page.

Titchener believed that if the basic components of the mind could be defined and categorized that the structure of mental processes and higher thinking could be determined. What each element of the mind is, how those elements interact with each other and why they interact in the ways that they do was the basis of reasoning that Titchener used in trying to find structure to the mind. The main tool that Titchener used to try to determine the different components of consciousness was introspection. Unlike Wundt’s method of introspection, Titchener had very strict guidelines for the reporting of an introspective analysis. The subject would be presented with an object, such as a pencil. The subject would then report the characteristics of that pencil (color, length, etc.). The subject would be instructed not to report the name of the object (pencil) because that did not describe the raw data of what the subject was experiencing. Titchener referred to this as stimulus error.

In "Experimental Psychology: A Manual of Laboratory Practice", Titchener detailed the procedures of his introspective methods precisely. As the title suggests, the manual was meant to encompass all of experimental psychology despite its focus on introspection. To Titchener, there could be no valid psychological experiments outside of introspection, and he opened the section "Directions to Students" with the following definition: "A psychological experiment consists of an introspection or a series of introspections made under standard conditions."

This manual of Titchener's provided students with in-depth outlines of procedure for experiments on optical illusions, Weber's Law, visual contrast, after-images, auditory and olfactory sensations, perception of space, ideas, and associations between ideas, as well as descriptions proper behavior during experiments and general discussion of psychological concepts. Titchener wrote another instructive manual for students and two more for instructors in the field (Hothersall 2004, p. 142). The level of detail Titchener put into these manuals reflected his devotion to a scientific approach to psychology. He argued that all measurements were simply agreed-upon "conventions" and subscribed to the belief that psychological phenomena, too, could be systematically measured and studied. Titchener put great stock in the systematic work of Gustav Fechner, whose psychophysics advanced the notion that it was indeed possible to measure mental phenomena (Titchener 1902, p. cviii- cix).

The majority of experiments were to be performed by two trained researchers working together, one functioning as the "observer" (O) and the other as the "experimenter" (E). The experimenter would set up the experiment and record the introspection made by his or her partner. After the first run of any experiment, the researchers were to then switch roles and repeat the experiment. Titchener placed a great deal of emphasis on the importance of harmony and communication between the two memberships in these partnerships. Communication, in particular, was necessary, because illness or agitation on the part of the observer could affect the outcome of any given experiment. Titchener was a charismatic and forceful speaker. However, although his idea of structuralism thrived while he was alive and championing for it, structuralism did not live on after his death. Some modern reflections on Titchener consider the narrow scope of his psychology and the strict, limited methodology he deemed acceptable as a prominent explanation for the fall of Titchener's structuralism after his death. So much of it was wrapped up in Titchener's precise, careful dictations that without him, the field floundered. Structuralism, along with Wundt’s voluntarism, were both effectively challenged and improved upon, though they did influence many schools of psychology today.

Titchener was known for bringing some part of Wundt's structuralism to America, but with a few modifications. For example, whereas Wilhelm Wundt emphasized the relationship between elements of consciousness, Titchener focused on identifying the basic elements themselves. In his textbook An Outline of Psychology (1896), Titchener put forward a list of more than 44,000 elemental qualities of conscious experience.

Titchener is also remembered for coining the English word "empathy" in 1909 as a translation of the German word "Einfühlungsvermögen", a new phenomenon explored at the end of 19th century mainly by Theodor Lipps. "Einfühlungsvermögen" was later re-translated as "Empathie", and is still in use that way in German.

Titchener's effect on the history of psychology, as it is taught in classrooms, was partially the work of his student Edwin Boring. Boring's experimental work was largely unremarkable, but his book History of Experimental Psychology was widely influential, as, consequentially, were his portrayals of various psychologists, including his own mentor Edward Titchener. The length at which Boring detailed Titchener's contributions—contemporary Hugo Münsterberg received roughly a tenth as much of Boring's attention—raise questions today as to whether or not the influence credited to Titchener on the history of psychology is inflated as a result.

Professor Titchener received honorary degrees from Harvard, Clark, and Wisconsin. He became a charter member of the American Psychological Association, translated Külpe's Outlines of Psychology and other works, became the American editor of Mind in 1894, and associate editor of the American Journal of Psychology in 1895, and wrote several books. In 1904, he founded the group "The Experimentalists," which continues today as the "Society of Experimental Psychologists". Titchener's brain was contributed to the Wilder Brain Collection at Cornell.

For more information, see Wikipedia at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_B._Titchener .

“The Chocolate Church was the first professional venue that helped Papa Tim launch his career and we are excited to have him return with his eclectic and powerful renditions of R & B classics and some originals. Papa Tim has been described as 'equal parts bluesman and Baptist preacher. His powerful renditions of R&B classics have garnered him critical acclaim throughout Maine. [...] Papa Tim has already developed a huge fan base with the Desperate Man's Blues Explosion.” https://www.boothbayregister.com/article/papa-tim-and-his-desperate-man-s-blues-explosion-returns/113174

"Tio Chorinho is the first ensemble in Canada dedicated to performing Brazilian choro music. Founded over a decade ago, the group performs frequently throughout Toronto and southern Ontario, and has also toured parts of the US (California, Michigan, Maryland). The group’s debut album "Chora Brazil," earned two Canadian Folk Music Awards nominations (World Music Album of the Year and Instrumental Group of the Year) and was described by Wholenote Magazine as “an absolute delight from start to finish…a terrific debut CD; play it on a grey day and your room will be filled with sunshine!” ... The group features Carlinhos Cardozo (cavaquinho), Maninho Costa (percussion), Milos Popovic (accordion), Eric Stein (mandolin), and Andre Valerio (7-string guitar)." https://www.tiochorinho.com/about

Andrew Tomcik is a professor, graphics designer and visual communications consultant. He was born on 18 June 1938 in Cleveland, Ohio and received a Diploma from the Cleveland Institute of Art (1960) and a B. F. A. and an M. F. A. from the Yale University School of Art and Architecture in New Haven, Connecticut (1964,1965). Prior to teaching at York University, Tomcik had a professional practice in corporate design and taught at Georgia State University (1967-74), directing its Division of Applied Design and Crafts (1973-1974). At York University, Tomcik is a Professor of Fine Arts (1974-present) and has been Chair of the Department of Visual Arts (1981-84, 1990-91). He has written numerous articles on design and has presented art and designs for publications such as Azure, Scan, Graphis Posters and Graphic Design Journal. His work has been exhibited and published in North America, Europe and China. As a consultant, Tomcik has created designs, artwork and posters for clients such as Companion magazine and I.B.M. and many departments at York University. Honours include the OCUFA Teaching Award in 1986 and four publication design awards from the Canadian Church Press (1988). He is a member of and has held prominent positions in the Society of Graphic Designers of Canada and the American Institute of Graphic Arts. More recently, Tomcik was Master of Winters College, York University.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Ferdinand Tönnies (26 July 1855, near Oldenswort, Eiderstedt, North Frisia, Schleswig - 9 April 1936, Kiel, Germany) was a German sociologist and philosopher. He was a major contributor to sociological theory and field studies, best known for his distinction between two types of social groups, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. He was also a prolific writer and co-founder of the German Society for Sociology (of which he was president from 1909 to 1933, when he was ousted by the Nazis). Ferdinand Tönnies was born into a wealthy farmer's family in North Frisia, Schleswig (today Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Holstein), then under Danish rule. He studied at the universities of Jena, Bonn, Leipzig, Berlin, and Tübingen. He received a doctorate in Tübingen in 1877 (with a Latin thesis on the ancient Siwa Oasis). Four years later he became a private lecturer at the University of Kiel. Because he had sympathized with the Hamburg dockers' strike of 1896, the conservative Prussian government considered him to be a social democrat, and Tönnies was not called to a professorial chair until 1913. He held this post at the University of Kiel for only three years. He returned to the university as a professor emeritus in 1921 and taught until 1933 when he was ousted by the Nazis, due to his earlier publications that criticized them.

Tönnies, the first German sociologist proper, published over 900 works and contributed to many areas of sociology and philosophy. Many of his writings on sociological theories — including Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887) — furthered pure sociology. He coined the metaphysical term Voluntarism. Tönnies also contributed to the study of social change, particularly on public opinion, customs and technology, crime, and suicide. He also had a vivid interest in methodology, especially statistics, and sociological research, inventing his own technique of statistical association. Tönnies distinguished between two types of social groupings. Gemeinschaft — often translated as community (or left untranslated)— refers to groupings based on feelings of togetherness and on mutual bonds, which are felt as a goal to be kept up, their members being means for this goal. Gesellschaft — often translated as society — on the other hand, refers to groups that are sustained by it being instrumental for their members' individual aims and goals.

Gemeinschaft may be exemplified historically by a family or a neighborhood in a pre-modern (rural) society; Gesellschaft by a joint-stock company or a state in a modern society, i.e. the society when Tönnies lived. Gesellschaft relationships arose in an urban and capitalist setting, characterized by individualism and impersonal monetary connections between people. Social ties were often instrumental and superficial, with self-interest and exploitation increasingly the norm. Examples are corporations, states, or voluntary associations.

His distinction between social groupings is based on the assumption that there are only two basic forms of an actor's will, to approve of other men. (For Tönnies, such an approval is by no means self-evident, he is quite influenced by Thomas Hobbes). Following his "essential will" ("Wesenwille"), an actor will see himself as a means to serve the goals of social grouping; very often it is an underlying, subconscious force. Groupings formed around an essential will are called a Gemeinschaft. The other will is the "arbitrary will" ("Kürwille"): An actor sees a social grouping as a means to further his individual goals; so it is purposive and future-oriented. Groupings around the latter are called Gesellschaft. Whereas the membership in a Gemeinschaft is self-fulfilling, a Gesellschaft is instrumental for its members. In pure sociology — theoretically —, these two normal types of will are to be strictly separated; in applied sociology — empirically — they are always mixed.

Tönnies’ distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, like others between tradition and modernity, has been criticized for over-generalizing differences between societies, and implying that all societies were following a similar evolutionary path, an argument which he never proclaimed.

The equilibrium in Gemeinschaft is achieved through morals, conformism, and exclusion - social control - while Gesellschaft keeps its equilibrium through police, laws, tribunals and prisons. Amish, Hassidic communities are examples of Gemeinschaft, while states are types of Gesellschaft. Rules in Gemeinschaft are implicit, while Gesellschaft has explicit rules (written laws).

For more information see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_T%C3%B6nnies .

The Toronto Dance Theatre was founded in 1968 by Patricia Beatty, founder of The New Dance Group of Canada, Peter Randazzo, principal dancer with the Martha Graham Company, and David Earle, former artistic director of London Contemporary Dance Theatre. Beattie, Randazzo and Earle stepped down as artistic directors in the spring of 1983 and were replaced by Kenny Pearl. The present artistic director of the Toronto Dance Theatre is Christopher House. Since their first performance in 1968, the Toronto Dance Theatre has performed in every province across Canada and has toured in the United States, Europe and Asia. The majority of the company's repertoire consists of the choreography of the three founders including "Against Sleep" (Beatty 1968), "Court of Miracles" (Earle 1982), and "A Simple Melody" (Randazzo 1977). House, who choreographed "Glass Houses" (1983), won a Jean A. Chalmers award for his achievements. The School of Toronto Dance Theatre was also founded in 1968, at the same time as the Toronto Dance Theatre. The dance school, the first of its kind in Canada, offers a comprehensive training program in modern dance. Both the Company and the School are administered by the Toronto Dance Foundation.

The Toronto Musicians' Association (TMA) was founded in Toronto, Ontario on December 2, 1887 under the name of the Toronto Orchestral Association (TOA) with the objective of providing a labour union for musicians in the City of Toronto. The TOA changed its name to the Toronto Musical Protective Association (TMPA) in 1894. The TMPA originally only initiated members of the orchestral community into its association, although in 1897 initiation rights were extended to the bandsmen of the city.

On 15 June 1901, the TMPA became part of the American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM) and became its Local 149 while also retaining its own constitution and operating rights. Fees paid to the TMPA included a one-time initiation fee to the AFM. In April 1952, AFM's International Secretary granted the TMPA's request of a name change to the Toronto Musicians' Association.

The TMA's Executive Board, which became its board of directors September 1952, is responsible for the administration of the association. Regular board meetings are held as well as general meetings for the association.

Several funds were set up for the benefit of the members: the Benevolent Fund, first mentioned in 1889, provided members with relief funds in times of need. The funds were administered through the Relief Committee. The TMA maintained three other funds for its membership: the General Fund, the Contract Defence Fund, and the Health, Education, and Welfare Fund. Through the AFM, TMA members also were able to into a pension fund.

In January 1932, "The Bulletin", the TMA's first newsletter, was published. The newsletter was renamed "Crescendo" in February 1958.. Crescendo continues to be published by the TMA. From 1934 to 1956, the TMA participated in the Promenade Symphony Concert orchestra as an initiative to provide summer employment to its members and to provide weekly conceit series for the citizens of Toronto. The TMA's Musician's Club was created in October 1962 for the accommodation, recreation and convenience of the association's members.The TMA also offers its members advice pertaining to all areas of the music business, from legal protection to instrument insurance, to dental and pension plans, as well as access to working visas for the United States.

Currently, TMA membership also provides membership in the Canadian Federation of Musicians (CFM), the American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM) and after two years as a TMA member, with periodic work (at least every six months) under TMA/CFM/AFM contracts, members can join the Musicians Pension Fund of Canada.

The 'Toronto telegram' (originally the 'Evening telegram,') was launched in 1876 by John Ross Robertson. The 'Tely' strongly supported the British connection in Canada, appealing to British and Imperial sentiments even after Canadian nationalism became fashionable. The newspaper was locked in a circulation war with its afternoon rival, the 'Toronto star', for much of the twentieth century. The battle involved giveaway contests, scoops, and even hiding personalities (like swimmer Marilyn Bell) from the competition to ensure exclusive stories. Following Robertson's death, the paper was continued by a trust he had established. In 1948 the newspaper was sold to George McCullagh, owner of the Toronto Globe & mail, who invited John Bassett to act as publisher. In 1952 Bassett bought the newspaper and attempted to best the Star with new features in his newspaper, the introduction of colour photography (which meant the demise of the famous 'pink' newsprint on which the "Tely" had been printed), and other modernizations (including a news office building). Falling circulation and lack of advertising led Bassett to close the newspaper in 1971.

(from Wikipedia entry and ODNB)

Sir Donald Francis Tovey (17 July 1875 – 10 July 1940) was a British musical analyst, musicologist, writer on music, composer, conductor and pianist. He had been best known for his Essays in Musical Analysis and his editions of works by Bach and Beethoven, but since the 1990s his compositions (relatively small in number but substantial in musical content) have been recorded and performed with increasing frequency. The recordings have mostly been well received by reviewers.
Tovey began to study the piano and compose at an early age. He eventually studied composition with Hubert Parry.

He became a close friend of eminent violinist, and friend of Brahms, Joseph Joachim, and played piano with the Joachim Quartet in a 1905 performance of perhaps Brahms's most highly regarded chamber work, the F minor Piano Quintet, Op. 34. He gained moderate fame as a composer, to the point of having his works performed in Berlin and Vienna as well as in London. He performed his own Piano Concerto under Sir Henry Wood in 1903, and under Hans Richter in 1906. During this period he also contributed heavily to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, writing many of the articles on music of the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1914 he began to teach music at the University of Edinburgh, succeeding Frederick Niecks as Reid Professor of Music; there he founded the Reid Orchestra. For their concerts he wrote a series of programme notes, many of which were eventually collected into the books for which he is now best known, the Essays in Musical Analysis.

As he devoted more and more time to the Reid Orchestra, to writing essays and commentaries and to editing his editions of Bach and Beethoven, Tovey composed and performed less often later in life; but the few major pieces he did complete in his latter years are on a large scale, such as his Symphony of 1913 and the Cello Concerto completed in 1935 for his longtime friend Pablo Casals, of Mahlerian length. He also wrote an opera, The Bride of Dionysus. In illustrated radio talks recorded in his last few years, his playing is severely affected by a problem with one of his hands.

Tovey made several editions of other composers' music, including a 1931 completion of Bach's Die Kunst der Fuge (The Art of Fugue). His edition of the 48 Preludes and Fugues of Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, in two volumes (Vol. 1, March 1924; Vol. 2, June 1924), with fingerings by Harold Samuel, for the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, has been reprinted continually ever since. His completion of the (presumed) final unfinished fugue in The Art of Fugue has nothing of pastiche about it, and in fact has often been recorded as the final piece of the set.

Tovey married Margaret Cameron, the daughter of a Scottish painter, on 22 April 1916, but it was not a happy marriage. The couple adopted a baby boy in 1919 but divorced in 1922. Tovey would later marry Clara Georgina Wallace (ca. 1875-1944) on 29 December 1925.

He was knighted in 1935, reportedly on the recommendation of Sir Edward Elgar, who greatly admired Tovey's edition of Bach.

He died in 1940 in Edinburgh. His archive, including scores, letters, handwritten programme notes and annotations in the scores of others, is housed in the Special Collections Unit of the University of Edinburgh library. In 2009 Richard Witts created a simple catalogue of the archival material available from the University on-line.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tovey and Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.