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(from Wikipedia entry)

Caroline Augusta Foley Rhys Davids (1857–1942) was an English Pāli language scholar and translator, and from 1923-1942 president of the Pali Text Society which was founded by her husband T. W. Rhys Davids whom she married in 1894.
Caroline Augusta Foley Rhys Davids was born on 27 September 1857 in Wadhurst, East Sussex, England to John Foley and Caroline Elizabeth Foley (maiden name Caroline Elizabeth Windham). Caroline was born into a family with a long ecclesiastic history—her father, John Foley, served as the vicar of Wadhurst from 1847–88; her grandfather and great grandfather had served as rector of Holt, Worcestershire and vicar of Mordiford, Herefordshire, respectively. She studied at University College, London studying mainly economics, philosophy, and psychology. While studying there, she also began studying Sanskrit under Reinhold Rost. As a student, she was already a prolific writer and a vocal campaigner in the movements for poverty relief, children's rights, and women's suffrage. She completed her BA in 1886 and her MA in 1889.

Her records are held at the Senate House Libraries, University of London and Cambridge University. See: http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F59001 .
For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Augusta_Foley_Rhys_Davids .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Henry Havelock Ellis, known as Havelock Ellis (2 February 1859 – 8 July 1939), was a British physician, writer, and social reformer who studied human sexuality. He was co-author of the first medical textbook in English on homosexuality in 1897, and also published works on a variety of sexual practices and inclinations, including transgender psychology. He is credited with introducing the notions of narcissism and autoeroticism, later adopted by psychoanalysis. He served as president of the Galton Institute and, like many intellectuals of his era, supported eugenics.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havelock_Ellis .

Mary Karadja , born Marie Louise Smith 12 March 1868 in Stockholm, died in Locarno in 1943, was a Swedish-Turkish princess and author.

Mary Karadja was the youngest of four children to "liquor king" LO Smith and his first wife, Maria Lovisa Collin, and was schooled in retirement in Geneva between nine and 16 years of age. She married in April 1887 under the Greek Orthodox ritual with a Turkish prince and minister at the courts of Stockholm, Copenhagen and The Hague Jean Karadja Pasha , died in 1887) and had two children, Prince and later Romanian diplomat Constantin Karadja and Princess Despina (1892 - 1983). The couple first lived in Stockholm, then Hague and finally in London. After Jean's death Karadjas spent the multilingual Mary Karadja alternately in Belgium, Britain and France, but also had influence on the formation of spirit genomic associations in Sweden.
Mary Karadja was a versatile writer and wrote several poetry and prose books and plays and numerous spiritualist writings. During the years 1902-04 she published the spiritualist journal XXth century along with Lizzy Lind af Hageby (1878-1963) and Anna Synnerdahl. [translated from Swedish Wikipedia page]

Philosopher Alfred Hoernl

(from ODNB entry by William Sweet)

Reinhold Friedrich Alfred Hoernlé (1880-1943), philosopher and social reformer in South Africa, was born in Bonn, Germany, on 27 November 1880.

His parents were the Indologist and philologist (Augustus Frederic) Rudolf Hoernlé (1841–1918) and Sophie Fredericke Louise, daughter of R. Romig of Bonn.
R. F. A. Hoernlé was their only son and spent his early years in India, later being educated in Germany before attending Balliol College, Oxford in 1899 where he was encouraged to pursue philosophy. In 1904 he was elected to a senior demyship at Magdalen College, where he studied for a BSc (completed in 1907), but in late 1905 moved to the University of St Andrews to serve as assistant to the professor of moral philosophy, Bernard Bosanquet.

Recommended by Caird, Bosanquet, and Smith, as well as by F. H. Bradley and Henry Jones, Hoernlé was appointed professor of philosophy at the South African College in 1908. From 1912 until 1914 he held the newly established professorship at Armstrong College, Newcastle (England).

On 23 March 1914 Hoernlé married Agnes Winifred Tucker (1885–1960), a former philosophy student at South African College, and the daughter of the South African senator William Kidger Tucker. She later became a leading ethnographer and the doyenne of South African anthropologists. They had one son, Alwyn (1915–1991).

In the summer of 1914 Hoernlé was appointed assistant professor of philosophy at Harvard University, where he was able to engage at first hand some of the leading American philosophers. In 1920, however, he returned to his former chair at Newcastle.

Hoernlé left Newcastle in 1923 to succeed John Macmurray as professor of philosophy at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, where Winifred Hoernlé was appointed to a post in anthropology. With the exception of visiting professorships at Bowdoin College, Maine (1926), and at the University of Southern California (1930), he spent little time outside South Africa until his death.

Hoernlé's early work was in metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophical psychology, and in 1916 he and his wife completed an authorized translation of Rudolf Steiner's Die Philosophie der Freiheit (‘The philosophy of freedom’). Hoernlé was particularly concerned with two issues: the relation between the mental and the physical (focusing on volition and mental states), and the current debates between idealists and the ‘new’ realists. He believed he could address these issues through the ‘empirical’ statement of idealism or ‘speculative philosophy’ represented by Bosanquet. In his Studies in Contemporary Metaphysics (1920) Hoernlé presented essays on scientific method and the ‘mechanism versus vitalism’ controversy, insisting that, in biology at least, teleology is dominant over mechanism. His Studies reflected a systematic philosophy, showing that ‘experience, taken as a whole, gives us clues which, rightly interpreted, lead to the perception of … a graded order of varied appearances [in the universe]’ (p. v). It also exhibited his ‘synoptic’ approach, ‘which itself rests on the assumption that truth has many sides, and that to the whole truth on any subject every point of view has some contribution to make’ (‘On the way to a synoptic philosophy’, 138).

Hoernlé's Matter, Life, Mind, and God (1923), based on extramural lectures given in Newcastle to a popular audience, similarly discussed the limitations of both mechanistic and contemporary behaviouristic theories. Critics were somewhat receptive of the book, noting especially Hoernlé's ‘limpid clearness’ in style. In 1924 he published a short volume, Idealism as a Philosophical Doctrine, expanded in 1927 as Idealism as a Philosophy. Designed initially as a ‘map’ to guide students through the different schools of ‘idealism’ still current in Anglo-American philosophy, the key chapters trace the distinction between the idealism of Berkeley on the one hand and of Kant, Hegel, and their successors on the other.

When Hoernlé arrived at Witwatersrand in 1923 his teaching included courses in logic and psychology. He and his wife soon became actively involved in social issues. His wife was a pioneering social anthropologist and one of the first scholars of Bantu studies in South Africa, and Hoernlé himself developed an interest in the black peoples of the region and the impact of western civilizations on them.

Hoernlé was heavily involved in the South African Institute of Race Relations during the 1920s and 1930s. He was also chairman of the Bantu Men's Social Centre in Johannesburg, of the Johannesburg Joint Council of Europeans and Natives, and of the Society of Christians and Jews. In addition from 1934 he was a government-appointed member of the South African Council for Educational and Social Research. During the Second World War he was the initiator of the Army Educational Corps of which he became honorary lieutenant-colonel.

A ferocious critic of the policy of racial segregation proposed by the government of J. B. M. Hertzog from 1924 onwards, Hoernlé viewed segregation as entrenching white domination and the exploitation of the non-European peoples.

In 1941 he had an important correspondence with Geoffrey Hare Clayton, Anglican archbishop of Cape Town.

Hoernlé's death, following a heart attack and brief illness, in Johannesburg on 21 July 1943, was attributed largely to the stress of his extensive administrative work.

For more information see: William Sweet, ‘Hoernlé, (Reinhold Friedrich) Alfred (1880–1943)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, May 2006 [http://www.oxforddnb.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/view/article/94419 .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Rev. Dr. William Henry Dallinger F.R.S. (July 5, 1839 – November 7, 1909) was a British minister in the Wesleyan Methodist Church. He was also an accomplished scientist, being the first to study the complete lifecycle of unicellular organisms under the microscope and studying the adaptation of such organisms to temperature.
He made numerous contributions to microscopy, and was president of the Quekett Microscopical Club from 1889 to 1892. Dallinger was awarded three honorary doctorates, the Ll.D. from Victoria College, Toronto in 1884, the D.Sc. from Dublin in 1892, and the D.L.C. from Durham in 1896.
Dallinger was married to Emma Ion Goldsmith (1842-1910). They had one child, son Percy Gough (1867-1930).

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Dallinger .

"Steven McCabe is a poet and multidisciplinary artist originally from the American midwest now living in Toronto. He is the author of four collections of poetry, most recently Hierarchy of Loss (Ekstasis Editions, 2007). He has exhibited works on canvas, paintings on paper, collaborative artworks, mixed media sculpture and video. In 2006 he illustrated a chapbook, Orpheus and Eurydice: Before the Descent (LyricalMyrical Books), which he co-authored with Tanaz Nanavati." (Source: http://reviewcanada.ca/magazine/contributors/steven-mccabe/)

Born 29 July 1870. Attend University of Glasgow, graduating 1894. Son of Dr. Robert Paterson, uncle was lawyer James Patterson, also graduates of the university. Published under the name of Benjamin Swift. Titles attributed to him include: L'eternel conflict essai philosophique," "Problems of destiny," "Sordon," "Sudden Love: a tale of Picardy," and "The Nemesis of nations studies in history."

Source: http://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH15414&type=P .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Samuel Augustus Barnett (8 February 1844 – 17 June 1913[1]) was an Anglican cleric and social reformer who was particularly associated with the establishment of the first university settlement, Toynbee Hall, in east London in 1884.He was born in Bristol, the son of Francis Augustus Barnett, an iron manufacturer. After leaving Wadham College, Oxford, in 1866, he visited the United States. In the following year he was ordained as a deacon and became the curate of St Mary's, Bryanston Square before being ordained as a priest in 1868.

In 1873, he married Henrietta Octavia Weston Rowland (1851–1936), heiress, social reformer and author, who had been a co-worker of Octavia Hill. Both were social reformers and philanthropists with broad cultural interests. Later that year, the Barnetts moved to the impoverished Whitechapel parish of St. Jude’s intent on improving social conditions in one of London's worst slums.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Barnett_(reformer) .

[rough translation from German Wikipedia entry]

Otto Nikolaus Witt ( Russian Отто Николаус Витт , scientific transliteration Otto Nikolaus Vitt) was born 31 March 1853 in St. Petersburg and died 23 March 1915 in Berlin. Witt was a Russian, Swiss and German chemist. Otto Nikolaus Witt was the son of a Russian diplomat. In 1865 the family lived in Munich and a year later in Zurich, where they took Swiss citizenship. Witt studied chemistry from 1871 to 1873 at the Polytechnic University of Zurich. He worked in 1873 in Duisburg and in returned to Zurich 1874 to work in calico-printing and continue his studies. He was interested in the dyes of Croisaant and Bretonnière , which he described as sulfur dyes, recognizing and revealing the previously secret manufacturing process. He later worked at a factory in Brentford. At the age of 23,Witt established his dye process, experimenting with chemical combinations to synthesize yellow and purple tones.

In 1879 Witt worked at Cassella & Co. in Frankfurt am Main, later teaching chemistry in Mulhouse and from 1882-1885 was director of the association of chemical factories in Waldhof near Mannheim. In 1885 he became a German citizen. In 1885 Witt completed a dissertation at the Technische Universität Berlin on bleaching, dyeing and calico printing. From 1897 to 1898 he was rector at the university. He also founded a popular scientific journal Prometheus .

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Nikolaus_Witt .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Herbert Woodfield Paul (1853-1935) was an English writer and Liberal MP.

Paul was the eldest son of George Woodfield Paul, Vicar of Finedon, and Jessie Philippa Mackworth. He was educated at Eton College and Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he became President of the Oxford Union. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1878. He was a leader-writer on the Daily News. In 1883 he married Elinor Budworth, daughter of the Hon. William Ritchie, Legal member of the Viceregal Council at Calcutta.

In 1892 he became MP for Edinburgh South. He lost his seat in 1895, but returned to the House of Commons as MP for Northampton from 1906 to January 1910. From 1909 to 1918 he was the Second Civil Service Commissioner.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Paul .

Fraser Barry Cooper (1943- ) is a professor of political science at the University of Calgary. He formerly taught at York University (1970-1981) in the Department of Political Science as well as at Duke University (1967), where he obtained the PhD (1969), and at Bishop's College (1968-1970). Cooper is the author of several books including 'Deconfederation: Canada without Quebec' (1991) with David Jay Bercuson, 'Action into nature: an essay on the meaning of technology,' (1989), 'The end of history,' (1984), 'Merleau-Ponty and Marxism,' (1981) and others.

Johann W. Mohr (1928-2008), commonly known as Hans Mohr, was a social worker, psychiatric researcher, and teacher with interests that included psychiatry, etymology, family law, criminal statistics, and penal policy. Mohr was born in Graz, Austria, on March 19, 1928. In 1946 Mohr began his academic career at the University of Graz in Austria, studying Anglistic and Germanic Philology and Literary Studies. From 1948-1949 Mohr studied at the University of Nottingham on the Language and Social Institutions Scholarship. Upon his return to the University of Graz in 1949, Mohr worked at the International Social Services refugee camp in Ried, Austria, as an English tutor and counsellor. This is where Mohr met his wife, Ingeborg, whom he married in 1952. He completed his thesis in 1950 and graduated with a PhD from the University of Graz. From 1951-1952, Mohr worked as a counsellor in Salzburg, Austria, with the American National Catholic Welfare Conference (NCWC). His caseload consisted primarily of older men and women who were rejected from immigration because of their age, even by countries that accepted their children. This job brought him into contact with a wide range of people from various countries and classes. With the need to raise a family in better conditions and the urge to take part in a culture that was stimulating and growing, Mohr left Austria to find work in Canada in 1953. Upon arriving in Toronto, Mohr worked in carpentry, construction and in a factory. In 1954 he accepted a position as an assistant social worker at the Department of Social Welfare in Yorkton, Saskatchewan, with the child welfare and the juvenile delinquency departments. In order to advance his career, Mohr and his family moved to Toronto so he could attend the School of Social Work at the University of Toronto from 1955-1959 while working with the Big Brothers of Canada organization. He also worked as a research consultant for the Department of the Attorney General of Ontario. In 1959 he received his Masters of Social Work (MSW), with a specialization in research. From 1960-1966, Mohr was a research associate at the Forensic Clinic of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital (TPH), which preceded the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry. The major referrals in this new job in forensic psychiatry were pedophiles, exhibitionists and homosexuals. Mohr wrote and assisted in many research projects that dealt with these types of psychiatric conditions. Continuing with his work on psychiatry, Mohr taught at the University of Toronto's Department of Psychiatry from 1962-1967. While teaching at the University of Toronto, Mohr was the Head of the Section of Social Pathology Research at the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry. Initially he was a member of the medical faculty and then became head of the research unit. From 1969-1972, Mohr was a consultant for the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry's Forensic Services. In 1969 Mohr was cross-appointed to York University's Osgoode Hall Law School and the Faculty of Arts and Science's Department of Sociology. With his background in research and practical experience in psychiatry, social work and social psychology, Mohr helped develop and teach new courses and seminars in criminology, law and psychiatry, and research methodology. When he joined Osgoode's faculty, he was one of the first non-lawyers to become a member of a Canadian law faculty. During his time at Osgoode Hall Law School, from 1969-1989, Mohr and many of his associates were concerned with the effects of law and legal institutions, as well as law being an instrument of social change, rather than of oppression. He took a leave of absence from Osgoode in 1972 to 1976 to work as a commissioner for the Law Reform Commission of Canada, where he was able to advocate for law reform and chaired the prison reform ventures. He was one of the first non-lawyers to participate in a law reform commission anywhere in the common law world. Upon his return to Osgoode in 1976, Mohr became a mainstay of the graduate program as he led graduate colloquiums and supervised many students. He was well known for his seminar on legal epistemology. Mohr continued to teach at University of Toronto from 1976-1989. Between 1980 and 1985, Mohr was awarded the Laidlaw Fellowship in 1980, was an adjunct professor at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, and a visiting Lansdowne Professor for the Faculty of Law and Human and Social Development at the University of Victoria, British Columbia. Between 1985 and 1989 Mohr extended his graduate seminar on improving the quality of thesis work for Osgoode over two terms and supervised a number of graduate students. He also took on unpaid duties, such as presidency of the Vanier Institute of the Family and the Church Council of Justice and Corrections. In 1989 Mohr became a Professor Emeritus. He continued with his graduate seminar until 1993, commuting from Howe Island, near Kingston, Ontario. He wrote many significant unpublished manuscripts during retirement, worked with organizations such as the John Howard Society and the Law Commission of Canada, corresponded with his colleagues locally and abroad, and provided valued criticisms of academic and professional works of colleagues. Mohr died in 2008.

George Ramsay Cook (1931-2016), educator and author, was born in Alameda, Saskatchewan to a United Church minister and his wife. He earned his BA at the University of Manitoba (1954), his MA at Queen's University (1956), and his PhD at the University of Toronto (1960) with a dissertation on John W. Dafoe. Cook joined the History Department at York University in 1969 following ten years as a member of the History Department of the University of Toronto. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, an Officer of the Order of Canada, and received the Governor General's Award for non-fiction in 1985. Among numerous other awards and recognition, in 2005 Cook was the recipient of the Molson Prize in the Social Sciences & Humanities. Cook authored several studies in the field of Canadian history including "The politics of John W. Dafoe and the Free press" (1963), "Canada and the French Canadian question" (1966), "The Maple leaf forever" (1971), "Canada 1896-1921: a nation transformed", with R.C. Brown, (1975), "The regenerators: social criticism in late Victorian Canada" (1985), "Canada, Quebec and the uses of nationalism" (1986), and several other books, articles and studies. Cook also played a part in Canadian politics, promoting a strong federal government. Cook and other academics publicly supported Pierre Elliott Trudeau's bid for the leadership of the Liberal Party of Canada in 1968. His last book was "The Teeth of Time" (2006), a memoir focussed on his friendship with Pierre Elliott Trudeau. From 1989 until 2006 he served as executive editor of the Dictionary of Canadian Biography/Dictionnaire biographique du Canada.

John McTaggart (3 September 1866 - 18 January 1925) was an idealist metaphysician. For most of his life McTaggart was a fellow and lecturer in philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge. He was an exponent of the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and among the most notable of the British idealists. J. M. E. McTaggart was born in 1866 in London to Francis and Ellen Ellis. At birth, he was named John McTaggart Ellis, after his maternal grand-uncle, John McTaggart. Early in his life, his family took the surname McTaggart as a condition of inheritance from that same uncle.

McTaggart attended Clifton College, Bristol, before going up to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1885. At Trinity he was taught for the Moral Sciences Tripos by Henry Sidgwick and James Ward, both distinguished philosophers. After obtaining First class honours (the only student of Moral Sciences to do so in 1888), he was, in 1891, elected to a prize fellowship at Trinity on the basis of a dissertation on Hegel's Logic. McTaggart had in the meantime been President of the Union Society, a debating club, and the secretive Cambridge Apostles. In 1897 he was appointed to a college lectureship in Philosophy, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1923 (although he continued to lecture until his death).

McTaggart, although radical in his youth, became increasingly conservative and was influential in the expulsion of Bertrand Russell from Trinity for pacifism during World War I. But McTaggart was a man of contradictions: despite his conservatism he was an advocate of women's suffrage; and though an atheist from his youth was a firm believer in human immortality and a defender of the Church of England. He was personally charming and had interests ranging beyond philosophy, known for his encyclopaedic knowledge of English novels and eighteenth-century memoirs.

His honours included an honorary LLD from the University of St. Andrews and Fellowship of the British Academy.

He died in London in 1925. In 1899 he had married Margaret Elizabeth Bird in New Zealand whom he met while visiting his mother (then living in near New Plymouth, Taranaki) and was survived by her; the couple had no children. McTaggart's earlier work was devoted to an exposition and critique of Hegel's metaphysical methods and conclusions and their application in other fields. His first published work Studies in Hegelian Dialectic (1896), an expanded version of his Trinity fellowship dissertation, focused on the dialectical method of Hegel's Logic. His second work Studies in Hegelian Cosmology (1901) is directed more towards a critique of the applications of Hegelian ideas made, both by Hegel and earlier neo-Hegelians, to the fields of ethics, politics and religion. In this book a number of his distinctive doctrines already appear, for example, his belief in human immortality. His final book specifically on Hegel was A Commentary on Hegel's "Logic" (1910), in which he attempted to explain and, to an extent, defend the argument of the Logic.

Although he defended the dialectical method broadly construed and shared a similar outlook to Hegel, McTaggart's Hegelianism was not uncritical and he disagreed significantly both with Hegel himself and with earlier neo-Hegelians. He believed that many specific features of Hegel's argument were gravely flawed and was similarly disparaging of Hegel's application of his abstract thought. However, he by no means reached the same conclusions as the previous generations of British Idealists and in his later work came to hold strikingly different and original views. Nonetheless, in spite of his break from earlier forms of Hegelianism, McTaggart inherited from his predecessors a pivotal belief in the ability of a priori thought to grasp the nature of the ultimate reality, which for him like earlier Hegelians was the absolute idea. Indeed, his later work and mature system can be seen as largely an attempt to give substance to his new conception of the absolute. In The Unreality of Time (1908), the work for which he is best known today, McTaggart argued that our perception of time is an illusion, and that time itself is merely ideal. He introduced the notions of the "A series" and "B series" interpretations of time, representing two different ways that events in time can be arranged. The A series corresponds to our everyday notions of past, present, and future. The A series is "the series of positions running from the far past through the near past to the present, and then from the present to the near future and the far future" (p. 458). This is contrasted with the B series, in which positions are ordered from earlier to later, i.e. the series running from earlier to later moments.

McTaggart argued that the A series was a necessary component of any full theory of time, but that it was also self-contradictory and that our perception of time was, therefore, ultimately an incoherent illusion. McTaggart was a friend and teacher of Bertrand Russell and G. E. Moore, and, according to Martin Gardner, the three were known as "The Mad Tea-Party of Trinity" (with McTaggart as the Dormouse). Along with Russell and Moore McTaggart was a member of the Cambridge Apostles through which he would have a personal influence on an entire generation of writers and politicians (his involvement with the Apostles presumably overlapped with that of, among others, the members of the Bloomsbury group) .

In particular, McTaggart was an early influence on Bertrand Russell. It was through McTaggart that the young Russell was converted to the prevalent Hegelianism of the day, and it was Russell's reaction against this Hegelianism that began the arc of his later work.

McTaggart was the most influential advocate of neo-Hegelian idealism in Cambridge at the time of Russell and Moore's reaction against it, as well as being a teacher and personal acquaintance of both men. With F.H. Bradley of Oxford he was, as the most prominent of the surviving British Idealists, the primary target of the new realists' assault. McTaggart's indirect influence was, therefore, very great. Given that modern analytic philosophy can arguably be traced to the work of Russell and Moore in this period, McTaggart's work retains interest to the historian of analytic philosophy despite being, in a very real sense, the product of an earlier age.

The Nature of Existence, with Green's Prolegomena to Ethics and Bradley's Appearance and Reality, marks the greatest achievement of British Idealism, and McTaggart was the last major British Idealists of the classic period (for the later development of British Idealism, see T.L.S. Sprigge).

(from Wikipedia entry)

Rudolph William Basil Feilding, 8th Earl of Denbigh, 7th Earl of Desmond (9 April 1823 – 10 March 1892) was a British peer, succeeding to his titles on the death in 1865 of his father, the 7th Earl of Denbigh. He was noted as a Roman Catholic convert, and founder of the Franciscan monastery at Pantasaph, North Wales. He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was president of the University Pitt Club and took the degree of M.A. in 1844.

He was received into the Catholic Church in 1850, and took an active part in many Catholic works of charity under Cardinal Wiseman. As Viscount Feilding he was appointed honorary treasurer, jointly with Viscount Campden and Archibald J. Dunn, of the Peter's Pence Association. In 1850 he was appointed High Sheriff of Flintshire.

He married Mary Berkeley and had, among others, a son and successor Rudolph Feilding, 9th Earl of Denbigh (1859-1939); his second son Everard Feilding (1867-1936), Hon. Sec. of the Society for Psychical Research; and a daughter Lady Winefride Mary Elizabeth (24 September 1868 - 24 February 1959), who married, on 11 May 1889, to Gervase Elwes.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Feilding,_8th_Earl_of_Denbigh .

Author of "The philosophy of faith and the Fourth gospel", "Christian economics", and "An essay on personality as a philosophical principle ".

Eleanor Calhoun (1862-1957) was an American heiress and actress. She was the second wife of Prince Stephan Lazar Eugene Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich, a Serbian noble. She published her memoirs "Pleasures and Palaces: the memoirs of Princess Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich (Eleanor Calhoun)" in 1915.

For more information, see memoirs available at: https://archive.org/details/cu31924027828957 .

Janice Irene Newton (1952- ) is a political scientist and Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and the School of Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies at York University. Newton earned her Bachelor of Arts from McMaster University, and her Master of Arts and PhD (1987) in Political Science from York University. Her research focuses on women's history, socialist and labour histories, Canadian studies, democracy and pedagogy, and the history of Canadian Political Science. Her PhD dissertation, "'Enough of exclusive masculine thinking!': The feminist challenge to the early Canadian left, 1900-1918" (October, 1987), was adapted into a monograph entitled The Feminist Challenge to the Canadian Left, 1900-1918 (McGill-Queen's University Press, 1995). She was also chief editor of the 2001 anthology Voices from the Classroom: Reflections on Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (Garamond). In her administrative work, as in her research, Newton has maintained a strong focus on teaching and curriculum development. From 2012 to 2014, she was Chair of the York University Liberal Arts & Professional Studies Teaching and Learning committee and, in 2005, was the National 3M Teaching Fellow.

Margaret E. Beare was a joint-appointed professor at Osgoode and York University in the Department of Sociology. Her research interests included policing, transnational crime and enforcement, money laundering and research related to the functioning of the criminal justice system. She had standing at the 1996 Commission of Inquiry into Certain Events at the Prison for Women in Kingston (Arbour Commission) to investigate certain events at the Prison for Women, Kingston Ontario which took place in 1994, and received all the documentation generated by the commission in the course of its investigations.

(from Wikipedia entry)

George Philip Baker was a writer of popular history. He was deaf from the age of eight. Born at Plumstead in Kent on the 21st of May 1879 he was the son of Philip Baker (an ‘engine fitter and turner’) and his wife Emily. According to his obituary in the Times Baker lost his hearing when he was a boy. The 1901 census tells us that he was ‘deaf from 8 yrs’. His parents sent him to be educated at the Brighton Institution, where he came under the tutelage of William Sleight and his son Arthur.

On leaving school in 1895, Baker got a job in the Royal Carriage Department of the Woolwich Arsenal where the 1901 and 1911 censuses describe himself as being employed as a lithographic draughtsman. In 1910 he married Josephine Garthwaite, who had been a teacher. Leaving to become a full time writer in 1922, Baker was either taking a big gamble or was financially secure.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Philip_Baker .

Emily Elizabeth Constance Jones (1848-1922) was an English educator and writer on logic and ethics, and Mistress of Girton College, Cambridge, from 1903 until 1916. Her ideas were misrepresented by Bertrand Russell as his own.

She was educated at Girton, taking a first class in the Moral Sciences Tripos in 1880; was a resident lecturer on moral sciences (1884-1903), and after 1903 mistress. She translated, with Miss Hamilton, Hermann Lotze's Mikrokosmus (1888); edited Henry Sidgwick's Methods of Ethics (1901) and his Ethics of Green, Spencer, and Martineau (1902); and wrote Elements of Logic (1890); A Primer of Logic (1905); A Primer of Ethics (1909); A New Law of Thought and its Logical Bearing (1911); Girton College (1913).

Jones was the first woman recorded as having delivered a paper to the Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club. She spoke about James Ward's Naturalism and Agnosticism on 1 December 1899, with the philosopher Henry Sidgwick chairing the meeting. Her views were regarded as original and influenced her colleagues. She spent her career developing the idea that categorical propositions are composed of a predicate and a subject related via identity or non-identity.

author (b. 23 December 1856 and died 25 May 1926.) Married 3 January 1895 Florence Helen Duckworth (18??-1933). Son of Rev Francis James Holland (1828-1907) and Mary Sibylla Lyall (1836-1891). Author of "A Reported Change in Religion" (1899) and "Imperium et Libertas: a study in history and politics" (1901).

(from Wikipedia entry)

Charles Whibley (1859-1930) was an English literary journalist and author. Whibley's style was described by Matthew as "often acerbic high-tory commentary". In literature and the arts, his views were progressive. He supported James Abbott McNeill Whistler (they had married sisters). He also recommended T. S. Eliot to Geoffrey Faber, which resulted in Eliot's being appointed as an editor at Faber and Gwyer. Eliot's essay Charles Whibley (1931) was contained within his Selected Essays, 1917-1932. Whibley died on 4 March 1930 at HyHyères, France, and his body was buried at Great Brickhill, Buckinghamshire. Whibley was born 9 December 1859 at Sevenoaks, Kent, England, the eldest son of Ambrose Whibley, silk mercer, and his second wife, Mary Jean Davy. He was educated at Bristol Grammar School and Jesus College, Cambridge, where he took a first in classics in 1883.
Charles Whibley's immediate family included his brother Leonard Whibley, who was Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge, from 1899-1910, and a lecturer in Classics (Ancient History). Charles also had a half-brother, Fred Whibley, copra trader, on Niutao, Ellice Islands (now Tuvalu), and a half-sister, Eliza Elenor, who was the wife of John T. Arundel, the owner of J. T. Arundel & Co. which evolved into Pacific Islands Company and later the Pacific Phosphate Company, which commenced phosphate mining in Nauru and Banaba Island (Ocean Island).
Whibley worked for three years in the editorial department of Cassell & Co, publishers. He shared a house with his brother Leonard Whibley, William Ernest Henley, and George Warrington Steevens. In 1894 Charles became the Paris correspondent for the Pall Mall Gazette. This Tory evening paper conformed with Whibley's conservative political views.
In Paris Charles moved in the symbolist circles with Stéphane Mallarmé, Marcel Schwob, and Paul Valéry. He was a witness at the wedding of Marcel Schwob and Marguerite Moreno in England on 12 September 1900. In 1896 Charles married Ethel Birnie Philip in the garden of the house occupied by James McNeill Whistler at n° 110 Rue du Bac, Paris. Ethel Birnie Philip was the daughter of the sculptor John Birnie Philip and Frances Black. Before her marriage Ethel Whibley worked during 1893-4 as secretary to James McNeill Whistler. Whistler painted a number of full-length portraits of Ethel Whibley, including Mother of Pearl and Silver: The Andalusian, and portraits and sketches of her titled as Miss Ethel Philip or Mrs Ethel Whibley.
Hartrick (1939) describes Whibley as "an obviously English type, and therefore something of a red rag to Whistler". As the brother-in-law of James McNeill Whistler, Whibley was part of Whistler's intimate family circle, referred to as "Wobbles" in Whistler's correspondence. On one occasion Whistler mocked Whibley for describing himself as "something of a boulevardier" during his time in Paris. In 1897 Whistler created the cover design for Whibley's volume of essays A Book of Scoundrels. His wife, Ethel, died in 1920, and in 1927 Charles married Philippa Raleigh, the daughter of Walter Raleigh, Chair of English Literature at Oxford University.
Whibley contributed to the London and Edinburgh magazines, including The Pall Mall Magazine, Macmillan's Magazine, and Blackwood's Magazine. As a writer on Blackwood's Magazine, he was a prominent conservative columnist, as well as an influential literary figure, recruited by its editor William Blackwood III. He was a persistent critic of the system of state education. It was an open secret that Whibley contributed anonymously, to the Magazine, his Musings without Methods for over twenty-five years. T. S. Eliot described them as "the best sustained piece of literary journalism that I know of in recent times". Whibley was friends with William Ernest Henley and contributed to the Scots Observer (published in Edinburgh) and also to the National Observer (published in London) under Henley's editorship.
A portrait of Charles Whibley (1925-26), by Sir G. Kelly, is held by Jesus College, Cambridge. A sketch of Charles Whibley is held by the National Portrait Gallery, London.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Whibley .

O.R. Lundell (1932-1999) was a professor and university administrator. Born in Revelstoke, British Columbia, he was educated at Queen's University and received his PhD. in physical chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1958. His first teaching position as a professor of science was at the Royal Military College in Kingston. In 1961, Lundell was appointed as the founding chemistry professor at York University. He served as the Associate Dean from 1964 until 1973 and then as the second Dean of the Faculty of Science for an additional ten years until 1982. In addition, he sat on the building committee of the Chemistry and Computer Science Building and for many years as a member of the Atomic Energy Control Board. In recognition of his accomplishments, Lundell was bestowed a University Professorship in 1984 and posthumously named to the York University Founders Honours Society in March of 2000.

Robert Christie was an actor, director and drama instructor. He was born in Toronto, Ontario on 20 September 1913 and received his B.A. from Victoria College, University of Toronto in 1934. He distinguished himself as an actor in the 1933 Dominion Drama Festival before joining the John Holden Players in 1934. In 1936, Christie moved to England where he appeared in both provincial repertory theatre and the West End. He appeared in a London production of 'The Zeal of Thy House' before spending the 1938-1939 season with the Old Vic Company. He served in the Canadian Army from 1940 to 1945, after which he returned to Toronto and worked in the CBC Radio Drama Department. He also became a prominent member of the New Play Society appearing in such plays as Morley Callaghan's 'Going Home' (1950), John Coulter's 'Riel' (1950) and Mavor Moore's 'Sunshine Town' (1955). Christie joined the Stratford Festival Company in 1953 and performed in its first four seasons. He later appeared on Broadway in Stratford's production of Christopher Marlowe's 'Tamburlaine' (1956) and in Robertson Davies' 'Love and Libel' (1960). In 1967 he starred as Norah Hatch in the CBC series 'Hatch's Mill'. In addition to appearing in numerous other television and radio programs, Christie was also a teacher of acting in the Theatre Department, Ryerson Polytechnic Institute and was a member of the Actors' Equity Association, the Association of Canadian Radio and TV Artists, and the Arts and Letters Club of Toronto. He won the John Drainie Award in 1984. He died in 1996 in Toronto.

Hersh Zeifman was born in Toronto on 11 June 1944. Zeifman received his BA English in 1966, followed in 1967 by a MA English, both from the University of Toronto. He attended the University of Birmingham, England, graduating in 1961 with a PhD in drama and theatre arts. His dissertation is titled “Religious thought and imagery in the plays of Samuel Beckett.”

Zeifman’s teaching career started in 1966 with fellow positions at Scarborough College and University College, University of Toronto. His career in theatre arts with York University began in 1971. Zeifman’s tenure at York University included visiting assistant professor (1971-1974), assistant professor (1974-1979), associate professor (1979-1999), professor (2000-2008), and professor emeritus and senior scholar (2008-). He was the first professor at York University to teach Canadian drama beginning in the mid-1990s.

Zeifman has an extensive publishing career including as editor of “David Hare: a casebook” (1994), and co-editor of “Contemporary British drama, 1970-90: essays from ‘Modern Drama.’” (1993). He was co-editor of “Modern drama,” a journal focused on dramatic literature published by the University of Toronto Press, from 1989-1995 and editor for several special issues thereafter. Zeifman served on several executive and editorial boards including The Harold Pinter Society, The Pinter Review, and the Samuel Becket Society. Hersh Zeifman lives in Toronto.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Henry Sidgwick (31 May 1838 - 28 August 1900) was an English utilitarian philosopher and economist. He was one of the founders and first president of the Society for Psychical Research, a member of the Metaphysical Society, and promoted the higher education of women. His work in economics has also had a lasting influence. He also founded Newnham College in Cambridge in 1875. Newnham College is a women-only constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. It was the second Cambridge college to admit women after Girton College. The co-founder of the college was Millicent Garrett Fawcett. He joined the Cambridge Apostles intellectual secret society in 1856.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Sidgwick .

Norman Penner (1921- ), educator and author, was born in Winnipeg and educated at the University of Toronto (PhD 1975). He was employed as a full-time officer of the Communist Party of Canada (1938-1941), and later held a similar position with the Labour-Progressive Party (1947-1957). He did not embark upon an academic career until 1972, when he joined the staff of the Glendon College Department of Political Science. In 1990 he was named Professor Emeritus at Glendon. Penner is the author of several books and articles on the Left in Canadian history including, 'The Canadian Left: a critical analysis,' (1977), 'Canadian communism: the Stalin years and beyond,' (1988), and 'From protest to power: Canadian social democracy, 1900-1992,' (1992).

(from Wikipedia entry)

Arthur Eric Rowton Gill (/ˈɡɪl/; 22 February 1882 – 17 November 1940) was an English sculptor, typeface designer, stonecutter and printmaker, who was associated with the Arts and Crafts movement. He is a controversial figure, with his well-known religious views and subject matter being seen as at odds with his sexual and paraphiliac behaviour and erotic art.

Gill was named Royal Designer for Industry, the highest British award for designers, by the Royal Society of Arts. He also became a founder-member of the newly established Faculty of Royal Designers for Industry.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Gill .

(from Wikipedia entry)

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS (18 May 1872 - 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, social critic and political activist. At various points in his life he considered himself a liberal, a socialist, and a pacifist, but he also admitted that he had never been any of these in any profound sense. He was born in Monmouthshire, into one of the most prominent aristocratic families in Britain.
Russell led the British "revolt against idealism" in the early 20th century. He is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy along with his predecessor Gottlob Frege, colleague G. E. Moore, and his protégé Ludwig Wittgenstein. He is widely held to be one of the 20th century's premier logicians. With A. N. Whitehead he wrote Principia Mathematica, an attempt to create a logical basis for mathematics. His philosophical essay "On Denoting" has been considered a "paradigm of philosophy". His work has had a considerable influence on logic, mathematics, set theory, linguistics, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science (see type theory and type system), and philosophy, especially philosophy of language, epistemology, and metaphysics.

Russell was a prominent anti-war activist; he championed anti-imperialism and went to prison for his pacifism during World War I. Later, he campaigned against Adolf Hitler, then criticised Stalinist totalitarianism, attacked the involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War, and was an outspoken proponent of nuclear disarmament. In 1950 Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought."

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell .

The Bertrand Russell archives are held at McMaster University. See: http://library.mcmaster.ca/archives/findaids/fonds/r/russell.htm .

Henry James, OM (15 April 1843 - 28 February 1916)
was an Anglo-American writer who spent the bulk of his career in
Britain. He is regarded as one of the key figures of 19th-century literary realism. He was the son of Henry James, Sr. and the brother of philosopher and psychologist William James and diarist Alice James.
James alternated between America and Europe for the first 20 years of his life; eventually he settled in England, becoming a British subject
in 1915, one year before his death. He is best known for a number of
novels showing Americans encountering Europe and Europeans. His method
of writing from the point of view of a character within a tale allows
him to explore issues related to consciousness and perception, and his style in later works has been compared to impressionist painting.
James contributed significantly to literary criticism,
particularly in his insistence that writers be allowed the greatest
possible freedom in presenting their view of the world. James claimed
that a text must first and foremost be realistic and contain a
representation of life that is recognisable to its readers. Good novels,
to James, show life in action and are, most importantly, interesting.
His imaginative use of point of view, interior monologue and possibly unreliable narrators in his own novels and tales brought a new depth and interest to narrative
fiction. An extraordinarily productive writer, in addition to his
voluminous works of fiction he published articles and books of travel, biography, autobiography, and criticism,
and wrote plays, some of which were performed during his lifetime,
though with limited success. His theatrical work is thought to have
profoundly influenced his later novels and tales.James was born at 2 Washington Place in New York City on 15 April 1843. His parents were Mary Walsh and Henry James, Sr..
His father was intelligent, steadfastly congenial, and a lecturer and
philosopher who had inherited independent means from his father, an
Albany, NY banker and investor. Mary came from a wealthy family long
settled in New York City, and her sister Katherine lived with the family
for an extended period of time. Henry, Jr. had three brothers, William who was one year his senior and younger brothers Wilkinson and Robertson. His younger sister was Alice.
The family first lived in Albany and moved to New York City and took
up residence on Fourteenth Street when James was still a young boy. His
education was calculated by his father to expose him to many influences,
primarily scientific and philosophical; it was described as
"extraordinarily haphazard and promiscuous." James did not share the
usual education in Latin and Greek classics, and did not attend
university. Between 1855 and 1860, the James' household traveled to London, Paris, Geneva, Boulogne-sur-Mer and Newport, Rhode Island,
according to the father's current interests and publishing ventures,
retreating to the United States when funds were low. Henry studied
primarily with tutors and briefly attended a few schools while the
family traveled in Europe. Their longest stays were in France, where
Henry began to feel at home, and became fluent in French. In 1860 the
family returned to Newport,
and in 1864 moved to Boston, Massachusetts to be near William, who had
enrolled in the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard, and then in the
medical school. Henry James could not serve during the Civil War owing to a bad back. In 1862 he attended Harvard Law School,
but realized that he was not interested in studying law. He pursued his
interest in literature and associated with authors and critics William Dean Howells and Charles Eliot Norton in Boston and Cambridge, and formed lifelong friendships with Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., the future Supreme Court Justice, and James and Annie Fields, his first professional mentors.

Died 1885. Married husband Laurence Oliphant (3 August 1829 - 23 December 1888) on 8 June 1872. Oliphant was a British author, traveller, diplomat and Christian mystic. He is best known for his satirical novel Piccadilly (1870). Oliphant was Member of Parliament for Stirling Burghs) in Paris where he was working as a correspondent for The Times. The couple eventually settled in Palestine. They collaborated on the 1884 work "Sympneumata: Evolutionary Forces Now Active in Man". Margaret Oliphant, Laurence's cousin, wrote a biography about Laurence and Alice. Also known as Alice Le Strange.

Nina Frances Layard (Stratford, Essex 1853 - Ipswich 1935) was an English poet, prehistorian, archaeologist and antiquary who made many important discoveries, and by winning the respect of contemporary academics helped to establish a role for women in her field of expertise. She was one of the first four women to be admitted as Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, in the first year of admission, and was admitted Fellow of the Linnean Society in the second year of women's admission. She was the first woman to be President of thePrehistoric Society of East Anglia. Nina Layard was the fourth child of Charles Clement Layard and his wife Sarah, n

Frederick F. Schindeler (1934- ) is an educator and municipal politician. Born in Stettler, Alberta, Schindeler received a BA from Bethel College in Minnesota (1957); BD from Baptist Seminary in Louisville Kentucky (1959) and a MA and Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Toronto (1961, 1965). as an alderman in the Borough of North York (1970-1972). He is the author of Responsible Government in Ontario (1969). Ministry of State, Urban Affairs, Ottawa Director General 1974; IBR 1969-1973; Ave Maria, College of the Americas, San Marcos Nicaragua Executive Director of Development

Merle Shain (1935-1989), author, was born and educated in Toronto (BA, BSW, University of Toronto, 1957, 1959), and employed as a feature writer by the 'Toronto telegram,' associate editor of 'Chatelaine' [magazine], and as a columnist by the 'Toronto sun'. She was a host of the CTV Network program, 'W5', and served for four years as a member of the board of the National Film Board of Canada. Shain was the author of 'Some men are more perfect than others,' (1973), 'When lovers are friends,' (1978) and 'Courage my love,' (1988).

(from Wikipedia entry)

Stephen Paget (1855-1926) was an English surgeon, the son of the distinguished surgeon and pathologist Sir James Paget. Stephen Paget has been long credited with proposing the "seed and soil" theory of metastasis, even though in his paper “The Distribution Of Secondary Growths In Cancer Of The Breast” he clearly states “…the chief advocate of this theory of the relation between the embolus and the tissues which receive it is Fuchs…”. Ernst Fuchs (1851-1930) an Austrian ophthalmologist, physician and researcher however, doesn't refer to the phenomenon as "seed and soil", but defines it as a "predisposition" of an organ to be the recipient of specific growths. In his paper, Paget presents and analyzes 735 fatal cases of breast cancer, complete with autopsy, as well as many other cancer cases from the literature and argues that the distribution of metastases cannot be due to chance, concluding that although “the best work in pathology of cancer is done by those who… are studying the nature of the seed…” [the cancer cell], the “observations of the properties of the soil" [the secondary organ] "may also be useful”...

In addition to other publications, he also wrote a book about Louis Pasteur titled "Pasteur and After Pasteur" while holding the position of Honorable Secretary of the Research Defence Society. Pasteur's life is discussed from his early life through his accomplishments. Stephen Paget wrote this book in memoriam of Pasteur's life, and in the preface he states, "It has been arranged to publish this manual on September 28th, the day of Pasteur's death. That is a day which all physicians and surgeons -- and not they alone -- ought to mark on their calendars; and it falls this year with special significance to us, now that his country and ours are fighting side by side to bring back the world's peace."

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Paget .

David Bakan (1921-2004), educator and author, joined the Department of Psychology at York University as a professor in 1968. He previously held positions at the University of Chicago (1961-1968), University of Missouri (1949-1961), and Ohio State where he received the PhD in 1948. He has served on the executive of many professional organizations including the American Psychological Association, the Advisory Board of the Canadian Council on Children and Youth, and in research and clinical bodies in Canada, the United States and Australia. He was the founding editor of the "Canadian journal of community mental health", and a consulting editor for several scholarly journals in the field of psychology. The author of several journal articles, he also wrote "Sigmund Freud and the Jewish mystical tradition" (1958, 1965) which has been translated into French and Italian, "The duality of human existence" (1966), "Slaughter of the innocents: a study of the battered child phenomenon" (1971, 1973), and "And they took themselves wives: on the emergence of patriarchy in western civilization" (1979). Bakan died in Toronto on 18 Oct. 2004.

Daniel (Williams) Grossman was an American dancer, choreographer and instructor. His company, the Danny Grossman Dance Company, performed the majority of his choreography. His works are also included companies such as the National Ballet of Canada, Les Grands Ballets Canadiens, and the Paris Opera Ballet. His choreography, set to a variety of music with a preference for jazz, appealed to a broad audience through a distinctive movement idiom, directness of purpose, theatricality and a humanistic viewpoint. His social activist upbringing in San Francisco acted as the inspiration for the majority of his works. Danny Grossman died on 29 July 2023.

Born on September 13, 1942, in San Francisco, his parents influenced his participation in social activism. At ten years of age, he walked his first picket line. As a student, he took part in the Berkley student demonstrations of the 1960s.

Grossman was first introduced to dance in grade school through folk dancing. In high school, he was a dancing cheerleader with friend Margaret Jenkin. He also studied dance with her under Welland Lathrop.

While attending the San Francisco Community College in 1960, he was mentored by Gloria Unti. During this time, he was also a dancer for Unti and Lathrop’s companies. By 1962, Grossman decided to leave college, move to New York City, and train with Gertrude Shurr and May O’Donnell. A summer session at Connecticut College, the home of the American Dance Festival, he met David Earle, the future founder of the Toronto Dance Theatre (TDT), and Paul Taylor at There, Taylor invited Grossman to join his company.
From 1963 to 1973, Grossman toured with the Paul Taylor Dance Company (PTDC). Grossman used the stage name Daniel Williams as Taylor wanted a more American-Ohio, middle-class sounding name on his roster of performers. During this time, Grossman was also known as Dynamo Danny, a nickname started by Taylor.

In 1973, invited to teach summer school at TDT and then offered a contract as a dancer for a year, Grossman moved to Canada. He then joined the York University Faculty of Dance as an Adjunct Professor. As a part-time professor, Grossman also worked at the TDT as a guest artist and choreographer. In 1975, Grossman met Judy Henton and choreographed Higher, a duet for the two of them. It's successful premier at the Burton Auditorium influenced Grossman’s decision to form his own company.

While getting DGDC off the ground, Grossman and his dancers were employed by the TDT. During the off-hours, Grossman worked on, choreographed for, and practised with his company. In 1976, Grossman choreographed three works: National Spirit, his first anti-establishment political statement about patriotism; the Couples Suite; and Triptych, a trio about abuse which projected hopelessness and despair. The first two were brought into the TDT’s repertoire. The same year, Grossman undertook a residency at the Performing Arts Workshop with Gloria Unti and taught a residency at Simon Fraser where her met Judy Jarvis with whom he would later choreograph Bella. He completed his first solo in 1977: the Curious School of Theatrical Dance, a paranoiac dance to death and redemption for a crippled harlequin set to music by Francois Couperin.

In 1978, when Grossman left TDT to work on his company full-time, he also received the Jean A. Calmers Award. He explored issues of homosexuality on stage with Nobody’s Business (1981) and again with Passion Symphony (1998), a pro-gay marriage piece. In 1982, Grossman choreographed Endangered Species which portrayed a post-apocalyptic world where the dancers fought against military oppression. In 1986, Grossman choreographed Hot House: Thriving on a Riff for the National Ballet of Canada.
Funding to develop new works and pay for company operations started to decline in the 1990s. By 2008, Grossman stopped creating works for his company and would shift its focus from performance to teaching.

Involved in community governance, Grossman participating in activities such as the 1994 Dance/USA National Task Force on Dance Education, the Board of Toronto arts Council as Co-Chair of the dance committee, the Artsvote campaign to education votes and politicians about issues in the cultural sector, and the Dance 2020 workgroup to set priorities and visions for the future of the Toronto dance community.

Algar Labouchere Thorold (1866-1936), son of Anthony Wilson Thorold (1826-1895) was an Anglican Bishop of Winchester in the Victorian era, and his wife Emily Labouchere, sister of the MP Henry Labouchere.

(from Wikipedia entry)

John Cook Wilson (born Nottingham 6 June 1849, died 11 August 1915) was an English philosopher. The only son of a Methodist minister, after Derby Grammar School (attended 1862-1867, he went up to Balliol College, Oxford in 1868, where he read both Classics and Mathematics, gaining a 1st in Mathematical Moderations, 1869, 1st in Classical Moderations, 1870, 1st in Mathematics finals, 1871, and a 1st in Literae Humaniores ('Greats') in 1872. He was, along with H. A. Prichard, one of Oxford's few early twentieth-century philosophers, to have a mathematical background. Wilson became a Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford in 1874. He was Wykeham Professor of Logic and a Fellow of New College, Oxford, from 1889 until his death. H. A. Prichard and W.D. Ross were among his students.

Belonging to a generation brought up in the atmosphere of British idealism, he espoused the cause of direct realism. His posthumous collected papers, were influential on a generation of Oxford philosophers, including H. H. Price and Gilbert Ryle. He also features prominently in the work of J.L. Austin, John McDowell, and Timothy Williamson.

In his inaugural lecture Cook Wilson acknowledged that his deepest intellectual debts were to his mathematics tutor at Balliol, Henry Smith, to his Balliol philosophy tutor, T.H. Green, and to the classicist Henry Chandler.

Cook Wilson often argued the existence of God as an experiential reality, quoted saying "We don't want merely inferred friends, could we be satisfied with an inferred God?" He also had a long running dispute with Lewis Carroll over the Barber Shop Paradox.

Cook Wilson's classical contributions should not be overlooked : 'On rearrangements of the Fifth Books of the Ethics' (1879), 'On the Structure of the Seventh Book of the Nicomachean Ethics, ch. i - x (1879); 'On the Interpretation of Plato's Timaeus' (1889); 'On the Geometrical Problem in Plato's Meno' (1903) and others.

Cook Wilson married a German woman, Charlotte Schneider, in 1876. They had no children.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cook_Wilson .

Sir Charles Hall

(from Wikipedia entry)

Carl Pearson, later known as Karl Pearson (1857-1936), was born to William Pearson and Fanny Smith, who had three children, Arthur (later Arthur Pearson-Gee, Carl (Karl) and Amy. William Pearson also sired an illegitimate son, Frederick Mockett.

Pearson's mother came from a family of master mariners who sailed their own ships from Hull; his father came from Crambe, North Riding of Yorkshire, read law at Edinburgh and eventually became a successful barrister and Queen's Counsel (QC).

"Carl Pearson" inadvertently became "Karl" when he enrolled at the University of Heidelberg in 1879, which changed the spelling. He used both variants of his name until 1884 when he finally adopted Karl. Eventually was universally known as "KP".

KP was an accomplished historian and Germanist. He spent much of the 1880s in Berlin, Heidelberg, Vienna[citation needed], Saig bei Lenzkirch, and Brixlegg. He wrote on Passion plays, religion, Goethe, Werther, as well as sex-related themes, and was a founder of the Men and Women's Club.

In 1890 he married Maria Sharpe, who was related to the Kenrick, Reid, Rogers and Sharpe families, late 18th century and 19th century non-conformists largely associated with north London; they included:
Samuel Rogers, poet (1763-1855); Sutton Sharpe (1797-1843), barrister;-Samuel Sharpe, Egyptologist and philanthropist (1799-1881); and John Kenrick, a non-Conformist minister (1788-1877).

Karl and Maria Pearson had two daughters, Sigrid Loetitia Pearson and Helga Sharpe Pearson, and one son, Egon Sharpe Pearson, who became an eminent statistician himself and succeeded his father as head of the Applied Statistics Department at University College. Maria died in 1928 and in 1929 Karl married Margaret Victoria Child, a co-worker in the Biometric Laboratory.

He and his family lived at 7 Well Road in Hampstead, now marked with a blue plaque. Karl Pearson was educated privately at University College School, after which he went to King's College, Cambridge in 1876 to study mathematics, graduating in 1879 as Third Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos. He then travelled to Germany to study physics at the University of Heidelberg under G H Quincke and metaphysics under Kuno Fischer. He next visited the University of Berlin, where he attended the lectures of the famous physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond on Darwinism (Emil was a brother of Paul du Bois-Reymond, the mathematician). Other subjects which he studied in Berlin included Roman Law, taught by Bruns and Mommsen, medieval and 16th century German Literature, and Socialism. He was strongly influenced by the courses he attended at this time and he became sufficiently expert on German literature that he was offered a Germanics post at Kings College, Cambridge. When the 23 year-old Albert Einstein started a study group, the Olympia Academy, with his two younger friends, Maurice Solovine and Conrad Habicht, he suggested that the first book to be read was Pearson's The Grammar of Science. This book covered several themes that were later to become part of the theories of Einstein and other scientists. Pearson asserted that the laws of nature are relative to the perceptive ability of the observer. Irreversibility of natural processes, he claimed, is a purely relative conception. An observer who travels at the exact velocity of light would see an eternal now, or an absence of motion. He speculated that an observer who traveled faster than light would see time reversal, similar to a cinema film being run backwards. Pearson also discussed antimatter, the fourth dimension, and wrinkles in time.

Pearson's relativity was based on idealism, in the sense of ideas or pictures in a mind. "There are many signs," he wrote, "that a sound idealism is surely replacing, as a basis for natural philosophy, the crude materialism of the older physicists." (Preface to 2nd Ed., The Grammar of Science) Further, he stated, "...science is in reality a classification and analysis of the contents of the mind..." "In truth, the field of science is much more consciousness than an external world." (Ibid., Ch. II, § 6) "Law in the scientific sense is thus essentially a product of the human mind and has no meaning apart from man." (Ibid., Ch. III, § 4) A eugenicist who applied his social Darwinism to entire nations, Pearson saw "war" against "inferior races" as a logical implication of his scientific work on human measurement: "My view - and I think it may be called the scientific view of a nation," he wrote, "is that of an organized whole, kept up to a high pitch of internal efficiency by insuring that its numbers are substantially recruited from the better stocks, and kept up to a high pitch of external efficiency by contest, chiefly by way of war with inferior races." He reasoned that, if August Weismann's theory of germ plasm is correct, the nation is wasting money when it tries to improve people who come from poor stock.

Weismann claimed that acquired characteristics could not be inherited. Therefore, training benefits only the trained generation. Their children will not exhibit the learned improvements and, in turn, will need to be improved. "No degenerate and feeble stock will ever be converted into healthy and sound stock by the accumulated effects of education, good laws, and sanitary surroundings. Such means may render the individual members of a stock passable if not strong members of society, but the same process will have to be gone through again and again with their offspring, and this in ever-widening circles, if the stock, owing to the conditions in which society has placed it, is able to increase its numbers."

"History shows me one way, and one way only, in which a high state of civilization has been produced, namely, the struggle of race with race, and the survival of the physically and mentally fitter race. If you want to know whether the lower races of man can evolve a higher type, I fear the only course is to leave them to fight it out among themselves, and even then the struggle for existence between individual and individual, between tribe and tribe, may not be supported by that physical selection due to a particular climate on which probably so much of the Aryan's success depended."

Pearson was known in his lifetime as a prominent "freethinker" and socialist. He gave lectures on such issues as "the woman's question" (this was the era of the suffragist movement in the UK) and upon Karl Marx. His commitment to socialism and its ideals led him to refuse the offer of being created an OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire) in 1920 and also to refuse a knighthood in 1935.

In The Myth of the Jewish Race Raphael and Jennifer Patai cite Karl Pearson's 1925 opposition (in the first issue of the journal Annals of Eugenics which he founded) to Jewish immigration into Britain. Pearson alleged that these immigrants "will develop into a parasitic race. [...] Taken on the average, and regarding both sexes, this alien Jewish population is somewhat inferior physically and mentally to the native population".

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson .

Pierre Andr

Francis Herbert Bradley OM (30 January 1846 – 18 September 1924) was a British idealist philosopher. His most important work was Appearance and Reality (1893).

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Herbert_Bradley.

Professor Fothergill is a playwright, critic and theatre historian. His drama "Detaining Mr. Trotsky", about the internment of Leon Trotsky in a prison camp in Nova Scotia in April 1917 (Canadian Stage Company, Toronto, 1987), won a Chalmers Award and several Dora nominations. "Public Lies" (Tarragon Theatre, Toronto, 1993), also nominated for a Chalmers Award, addresses issues of truth, propaganda and media manipulation by dramatizing episodes in the Canadian career of John Grierson, documentary film pioneer and founder of the NFB. "Borderline", set in a refugee camp on the border of Rwanda and Tanzania, won second prize in the 1999 Herman Voaden Canadian Playwriting contest and was professionally workshopped under the direction of Bill Glassco. It was mounted at Toronto's SummerWorks theatre festival in 2004. Rob Fothergill's most recent play is "The Dershowitz Protocol", an examination of the ethics of torture in the context of the current 'war against terror'. "The Dershowitz Protocol" was presented at the SummerWorks festival in 2003 and received its U.S. premiere at the Downstairs Cabaret Theatre in Rochester, New York, in June 2006. Other writings include "Private Chronicles" (Oxford 1974), a critical study of English diaries, and a chapter on Radio and TV Drama in Volume 4 of the "Literary History of Canada" (University of Toronto Press, 1990). Teaching dramatic literature and criticism, Professor Fothergill was a long-time member of the English Department at York University's Atkinson College before joining the Department of Theatre in the Faculty of Fine Arts 1994. He served as Chair of the Theatre Department from 1994 to 1999.

(from Wikipedia entry)

John Perry (1850-1920) was a pioneering engineer and mathematician from Ireland. He was born on 14 February 1850 at Garvagh, County Londonderry, the second son of Samuel Perry and a Scottish-born wife.
Perry worked as Lord Kelvin's assistant at the University of Glasgow, and later became professor of mechanical engineering at Finsbury Technical College. He was a colleague of William Edward Ayrton and John Milne at the Imperial College of Engineering in Tokyo, 1875-79, and was also a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1900 he was elected president of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, and from 1906-08 served as president of the Physical Society of London.
Perry was a great admirer of his employer, Lord Kelvin. In the printing of his 1890 lecture on spinning tops, Perry inscribed the following acknowledgement: "This report of an experimental lecture is inscribed to Sir William Thomson, by his affectionate pupil, the lecturer, who hereby takes a convenient method of acknowledging the real author of whatever is worth publication in the following pages." The book was later reprinted by Dover Publications in 1957 as Spinning Tops and Gyroscopic Motions.
Perry received an honorary doctorate (LL.D) from the University of Glasgow in June 1901. In 1895, Perry published a paper challenging Kelvin's assumption of low thermal conductivity inside the Earth, and thus disputing Kelvin's estimate that the Earth was only 20-400 million years old, but this had little impact. It was not until the discovery in 1903 that radioactive decay releases heat and the development a few years later of radiometric dating of rocks that it was accepted that the age of the earth was many times older, as Perry had argued. Perry's reasoning held that if the interior of the Earth was fluid, or partly fluid, it would transfer heat much more effectively than the conductivity which Kelvin assumed, and he stated that "much internal fluidity would practically mean infinite conductivity for our purpose."
Kelvin rejected this idea as there was no evidence of tidal deformation of the Earth's crust, and in response Perry made a reference to Kelvin's favourite demonstration of the slow deformation of shoemaker's wax to illustrate the supposed qualities of the presumed luminiferous aether thought then to be necessary to transmit light through space. Perry wrote that "the real basis of your calculation is your assumption that the solid earth cannot alter its shape ... even in 1000 million years, under the action of forces constantly tending to alter its shape, and yet we see the gradual closing up of passages in a mine, and we know that wrinkling and faults and other changes of shape are always going on in the earth under the action of long-continued forces. I know that solid rock is not like cobbler's wax, but 109 years is a long time, and the forces are great."
The failure of the scientific community to accept a fluid interior to the Earth held back ideas in geology until the concept was revived by proponents of continental drift, and even in the 1960s geophysical models were still being constructed on the basis that the Earth was solid. Nina Cust describes him as Professor of Mechanics and Mathematics. Author of "Spinning Tops", "England's Neglect of Science." Nina Cust describes him as Professor of Mechanics and Mathematics. Author of "Spinning Tops", "England's Neglect of Science."

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Perry_(engineer) .

William Moyer Swartley (1927-1979), therapist and psychologist was born and educated in the United States. He later studied in Switzerland at the Jung Institute and in India at the University of Benaras before returning to the US and the University of the Pacific where he obtained the PhD (1959). He opened the first Center for the Whole Person in Philadelphia in 1963, later opening branches in New York, Toronto, and London (U.K.). In 1973 he founded the International Primal Association. Swartley was instrumental in introducing the novel therapy techniques (primal, encounter groups, etc) for popular consumption in the 1960s.

Dr. James Martineau (21 April 1805 - 11 January 1900) was an English religious philosopher influential in the history of Unitarianism.

For 45 years he was Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy and Political Economy in Manchester New College, the principal training college for British Unitarianism. His portrait, painted by George Frederick Watts is held at London's National Portrait Gallery, which also holds written correspondence between Martineau and Poet Laureate, Alfred, Lord Tennyson - who records that he "regarded Martineau as the master mind of all the remarkable company with whom he engaged". Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone said of Martineau; "he is beyond question the greatest of living thinkers".

(from Wikipedia entry)

Edward White Benson (14 July 1829 – 11 October 1896) was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1883 until his death. Married to Mary Sidgwick, the sister of philosopher Henry Sidgwick.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Benson_(bishop).

(from Wikipedia entry)

James Ward (27 January 1843 - 4 March 1925) was an English psychologist and philosopher. He was a Cambridge Apostle. He was born in Kingston upon Hull, the eldest of nine children. His father was an unsuccessful merchant. Ward was educated at the Liverpool Institute and Mostyn House, but his formal schooling ended when his father became bankrupt.
Apprenticed to a Liverpool architect for four years, Ward studied Greek and logic and was a Sunday School Teacher. In 1863, he entered Spring Hill College, near Birmingham, to train for the Congregationalist ministry. An eccentric and impoverished student, he remained at Spring Hill until 1869, completing his theological studies as well as gaining a University of London BA degree.
In 1869-1870, Ward won a scholarship to Germany, where he attended the lectures of Isaac Dormer in Berlin before moving to Göttingen to study under Hermann Lotze. On his return to Britain Ward became minister at Emmanuel Congregational Church in Cambridge, where his theological liberalism unhappily antagonized his congregation. Sympathetic to Ward's predicament, Henry Sidgwick encouraged Ward to enter Cambridge University. Initially a non-collegiate student, Ward won a scholarship to Trinity College in 1873, and achieved a first class in the moral sciences tripos in 1874. With a dissertation entitled 'The relation of physiology to psychology', Ward won a Trinity fellowship in 1875. Some of this work, An interpretation of Fechner's Law, was published in the first volume of the new journal Mind (1876).
For the rest of his life, the Dictionary of National Biography reports that he
held himself aloof from all institutional religion; but he did not tend towards secularism or even agnosticism; his early belief in spiritual values and his respect for all sincere religion never left him.
During 1876-1877 he returned to Germany, studying in Carl Ludwig's Leipzig physiological institute. Back in Cambridge, Ward continued physiological research under Michael Foster, publishing a pair of physiological papers in 1879 and 1880.
However, from 1880 onwards Ward moved away from physiology to psychology. His article Psychology for the ninth edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica was enormously influential - criticizing associationist psychology with an emphasis upon the mind's active attention to the world.
He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1919 to 1920; his wife Mary (née Martin) was a member of the Ladies Dining Society in Cambridge, with 11 other members.
Ward died in Cambridge, and was cremated at Cambridge Crematorium. Ward defended a philosophy of personalistic panpsychism based on his research in physiology and psychology which he defined as a "spiritualistic monism". In his Gifford Lectures and his book Naturalism and Agnosticism (1899) he argued against materialism and dualism and supported a form of panpsychism where reality consists in a plurality of centers of activity. Ward's philosophical views have a close affinity to the pluralistic idealism of Leibniz. Ward had believed that the universe is composed of "psychic monads" of different levels, interacting for mutual self- betterment. His theological views have been described by some as a "personal panentheism". Described by Nina Cust as Professor of Moral Philosophy at Cambridge. Author of "Naturalism and Agnosticism", "Psychological Principles" and "A Study of Kant".

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ward_(psychologist) .

John Hughlings Jackson, FRS (4 April 1835 - 7 October 1911), was an English neurologist.He was born at Providence Green, Green Hammerton, near Harrogate, Yorkshire, the youngest son of Samuel Jackson, a brewer and yeoman who owned and farmed his land, and Sarah Jackson (n

(from Wikipedia entry)

Charles Gore (22 January 1853 – 17 January 1932) was one of the most influential Anglican theologians of the 19th century, helping reconcile the church to some aspects of biblical criticism and scientific discovery, while remaining Catholic in his interpretation of the faith and sacraments.[citation needed] Also known for his social action, Gore became an Anglican bishop and founded the priestly Community of the Resurrection as well as co-founded the Christian Social Union. Charles Gore was born into an Anglo-Irish family as the third son of the Honourable Charles Alexander Gore and Augusta Lavinia Priscilla (née Ponsonby), a daughter of the fourth Earl of Bessborough. His eldest brother, Philip, became the fourth Earl of Arran, and his brother Spencer was the first winner of the Wimbledon Championships.

Gore's parents sent him to Harrow School, London, then to Balliol College, Oxford, where he supported the trade-union movement.

For more information, see Wkipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Gore .

Charles Arthur Mercier (1851-1919) M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.S. was a British psychiatrist and leading expert on forensic psychiatry and insanity. Mercier was born on 21 June 1851. He studied medicine at the University of London where he graduated. He worked at Buckinghamshire County Asylum in Stone, near Aylesbury. He became the Assistant Medical Officer at Leavesden Hospital and at the City of London Asylum in Dartford, Kent. He also worked as a surgeon at the Jenny Lind Hospital. He was the resident physician at Flower House, a private asylum in Catford. In 1902 became a lecturer in insanity at the Westminster Hospital Medical School. He was also a physician for mental diseases at Charing Cross Hospital.

In 1894 Mercier was secretary of a committee of the Medico-Psychological Association. He published articles in the Journal of Mental Science. He joined the Medico-Legal Society in 1905, and became the president of the Medico-Psychological Association in 1908. Mercier has been described as a pioneer in the field of forensic psychiatry.

He was the author of many important works on crime, insanity, and psychology.

His book Spiritualism and Sir Oliver Lodge (1917) was an exposure of trance mediumship and a criticism of the Spiritualist views of Oliver Lodge. In his book Spirit Experiences (1919) he wrote Spiritualism was based on delusion and fraud.

(from Wikipedia entry)

Bernard Bosanquet (/ˈboʊzənˌkɛt, -kɪt/; 14 June[1] 1848 – 8 February 1923) was an English philosopher and political theorist, and an influential figure on matters of political and social policy in late 19th and early 20th century Britain. His work influenced – but was later subject to criticism by – many thinkers, notably Bertrand Russell, John Dewey and William James. Bernard was the husband of Charity Organisation Society leader Helen Bosanquet.

For more information see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Bosanquet_(philosopher) .

Conwy Lloyd Morgan, FRS (6 February 1852 - 6 March 1936) was a British ethologist and psychologist. He is best remembered for the experimental approach to animal psychology now known as Morgan's canon, a specialised form of Occam's razor which played a role in behaviourism, insisting that higher mental faculties should only be considered as explanations if lower faculties could not explain a behaviour. Lloyd Morgan was born in London and studied at the Royal School of Mines and subsequently under T. H. Huxley. He taught in Cape Town, but in 1884 joined the staff of the then University College, Bristol as Professor of Geology and Zoology, and carried out some research of local interest in those fields. But he quickly became interested in the field he called "mental evolution", the borderland between intelligence and instinct, and in 1901 moved to become the college's first Professor of Psychology and Education.

As well as his scientific work, Lloyd Morgan was active in academic administration. He became Principal of the University College, Bristol, in 1891 and played a central role in the campaign to secure it full university status. In 1909, when, with the award of a Royal Charter, the college became the University of Bristol, he was appointed as its first Vice-Chancellor, an office he held for a year before deciding to become Professor of Psychology and Ethics until his retirement in 1919. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1926 to 1927.

Following retirement, Morgan delivered a series of Gifford Lectures at St. Andrews in 1921 and 1922 in which he discussed the concept of emergent evolution. He died in Hastings. As a specialised form of Occam's razor, Morgan's canon played a critical role in the growth of behaviourism in twentieth century academic psychology. The canon states In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher mental faculty, if it can be interpreted as the exercise of one which stands lower in the psychological scale. For example, Morgan considered that an entity should only be considered conscious if there is no other explanation for its behaviour.

W.H. Thorpe commented as follows:

"The importance of this was enormous... [but] to the modern ethologist dealing with higher animals and faced as he is with ever-increasing evidence for the complexity of perceptual organization... the very reverse of Morgan's canon often proves to be the best strategy".
The development of Morgan's canon derived partly from his observations of behaviour. This provided cases where behaviour that seemed to imply higher mental processes could be explained by simple trial and error learning (what we would now call operant conditioning). An example is the skilful way in which his terrier Tony opened the garden gate, easily imagined as an insightful act by someone seeing the final behaviour. Lloyd Morgan, however, had watched and recorded the series of approximations by which the dog had gradually learned the response, and could demonstrate that no insight was required to explain it. Morgan carried out extensive research to separate, as far as possible, inherited behaviour from learnt behaviour. Eggs of chicks, ducklings and moorhens were raised in an incubator, and the hatchlings kept from adult birds. Their behaviour after hatching was recorded in detail. Lastly, the behaviour was interpreted as simply as possible. Morgan was not the first to work on these questions. Douglas Spalding in the 1870s had done some remarkable work on inherited behaviour in birds. His early death in 1877 led to his work being largely forgotten until the 1950s, but Morgan probably knew of it.

(from Wikipedia entry)

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, OM, PRS (12 November 1842 - 30 June 1919) was an English physicist who, with William Ramsay, discovered argon, an achievement for which he earned the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904. He also discovered the phenomenon now called Rayleigh scattering, which can be used to explain why the sky is blue, and predicted the existence of the surface waves now known as Rayleigh waves. Rayleigh's textbook, The Theory of Sound, is still referred to by acoustic engineers today. John William Strutt, of Terling Place Essex, suffered from frailty and poor health in his early years. He attended Harrow School, before going on to the University of Cambridge in 1861 where he studied mathematics at Trinity College. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree (Senior Wrangler and 1st Smith's prize) in 1865, and a Master of Arts in 1868. He was subsequently elected to a Fellowship of Trinity. He held the post until his marriage to Evelyn Balfour, daughter of James Maitland Balfour, in 1871. He had three sons with her. In 1873, on the death of his father, John Strutt, 2nd Baron Rayleigh, he inherited the Barony of Rayleigh.

He was the second Cavendish Professor of Physics at the University of Cambridge (following James Clerk Maxwell), from 1879 to 1884. He first described dynamic soaring by seabirds in 1883, in the British journal Nature. From 1887 to 1905 he was Professor of Natural Philosophy at Cambridge.

Around the year 1900 Lord Rayleigh developed the duplex (combination of two) theory of human sound localization using two binaural cues, interaural phase difference (IPD) and interaural level difference (ILD) (based on analysis of a spherical head with no external pinnae). The theory posits that we use two primary cues for sound lateralization, using the difference in the phases of sinusoidal components of the sound and the difference in amplitude (level) between the two ears.

The rayl unit of acoustic impedance is named after him.

As an advocate that simplicity and theory be part of the scientific method, Lord Rayleigh argued for the principle of similitude.

Lord Rayleigh was elected Fellow of the Royal Society on 12 June 1873, and served as president of the Royal Society from 1905 to 1908. From time to time Lord Rayleigh participated in the House of Lords; however, he spoke up only if politics attempted to become involved in science. He died on 30 June 1919, in Witham, Essex. He was succeeded, as the 4th Lord Rayleigh, by his son Robert John Strutt, another well-known physicist. Lord Rayleigh was an Anglican. Though he did not write about the relationship of science and religion, he retained a personal interest in spiritual matters.

For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh .

(from Wikipedia entry)
James Mark Baldwin (January 12, 1861, Columbia, South Carolina – November 8, 1934, Paris)[1][2] was an American philosopher and psychologist who was educated at Princeton under the supervision of Scottish philosopher James McCosh and who was one of the founders of the Department of Psychology at the university. He made important contributions to early psychology, psychiatry, and to the theory of evolution.

For more information, see Wikipedia article at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Mark_Baldwin .

Rex Battle, pianist, conductor and composer, was born in London, England, in 1895. As a child, he studied piano under Vlahol Budmani, the court pianist to Edward VII, who later presented Battle at Buckingham Palace before King George V and Queen Mary when he was eight years old. Favoured by the Queen, Battle was invited back by her several times to play duets, as well as the Cowes' regatta and with Landon Ronald's Symphony Orchestra. Considered a child prodigy, Battle soon studied the organ under E.H. Thorne. At age fifteen, Battle played in concert tours across Australia before moving to New York, where he assisted Sigmund Romberg in the production of operettas. At one point, Battle specialized in music for hotels and played at the Astor, Ambassador and McAlpin hotels in New York. He remained in New York for nearly a decade, until his radio debut with a series of broadcasts featured in 1921 on WWJ, Detroit. He was then hired as the musical director at the Mount Royal Hotel in Montreal in 1922. Battle stayed there for seven years, at the time also making recordings as a pianist and conductor for Apex records. Battle then moved to Toronto, where he became the conductor for the Royal York Hotel Concert Orchestra in Toronto, and remained there until 1938. During that time, his orchestra's music was played over the NBC network in the United States for several years. In 1934, Battle formed one of Canada's first jazz bands, influencing Toronto's music scene with the big band style and acquiring both local and national prominence during the 1930s and 1940s. Battle returned to New York in 1941 to play a Town Hall concert and remained there for three years performing, conducting, and studying piano with Moriz Rosenthal and Hedwig Kanner-Rosenthal. When the war began and he was unable to tour, Battle returned to Toronto to join the Promenade Symphony Concerts as a pianist in 1941, and focus on his radio career. Between 1943 and 1956, Battle was the music director and conductor of CBC radio's "Singing stars of tomorrow," and toured the country looking for young talent. Battle composed a short orchestral piece called "Simon says 'thumbs up'," as well as pieces for piano, violin, and voice. In the early 1960s, Battle and his wife moved to Richmond Hill, where Battle continued to remain a part of Toronto's music scene. Beginning in 1962, Battle began performing with young opera singers at Toronto's Gaslight Restaurant and was a frequent customer and performer there for the next few years. Rex Battle died in 1967.

The Canadian Theatre Review was Canada's first quarterly theatre journal and was established at York University in 1974 as a publishing project of the Faculty of Fine Arts and the Department of Theatre. It grew out of a Theatre Department publication called the York Theatre Journal which began in about 1970. Both publications were initially edited by faculty members Don Rubin and Ross Stuart.

The first issue of CTR appeared in January 1974 and it set the model for the journal's issues thereafter: themed issues, a full-length playscript, short essays on a variety of subjects and book reviews. Within 24 months, the journal expanded into theatre book publishing and began using the more comprehensive designation CTR Publications. In addition to the journal,

CTR Publications, under Rubin's general editorship, published some two dozen separate volumes including the archival series "Canada on Stage" (1974-1988), the four-volume "Canada's Lost Plays" series and historical volumes such as Toby Gordon Ryan's "Stage Left: Canadian Theatre in the Thirties". In 1982, Rubin turned the editorship over to Robert Wallace of Glendon College and its production to the University of Toronto Press.

When Wallace left as editor, the publication was taken over by the University of Guelph and edited by Alan Filewod, a Guelph Theatre professor and a graduate of the York Theatre Department when the journal first began.

Maurice Elliott is University Orator and University Professor Emeritus at York University in Toronto, Canada. Born in 1937 in London, England, he was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge University, and received his PhD from the University of Toronto. As a professor of English at York since 1966, Dr. Elliott primarily researched and taught the poetry of the Romantic period, as well as Irish writing in English. He has served York University as Master of Winter's College (1980-1987), as Chair of the Department of English (1993-1999) during which time he was awarded his University Professorship (1996), and as Chair of Senate (1998-1999), and as a member of York's Board of Governors.

Sir Baldwyn Leighton, 8th Baronet (27 October 1836 - 22 January 1897) was an EnglishConservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1877 to 1885.
Leighton was the son of Sir Baldwin Leighton, 7th Baronet and his wife Mary Parker, daughter of Thomas Netherton Parker of Sweeney Hall, Shropshire. He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford, graduating in 1859. He served in the rank of cornet in the South Salopian Yeomanry Cavalry and was a J.P. and Deputy Lieutenant for Shropshire. In 1871, he inherited the baronetcyon the death of his father. Leighton classed himself as a liberal Conservative and published several pamphlets on "Poor Law" and "Labour" for example. He also published "Letters of the late Edward Denison MP".
In August 1877, Leighton was elected at a by-election as a Member of Parliament (MP) for South Shropshire. He held the seat until the constituency was abolished in 1885.
Leighton died at the age of 60 and was buried in the parish churchyard of his family seat, Loton Park, at Alberbury, Shropshire.
Leighton married Hon. Eleanor Leicester Warren (1841-1914), daughter of George Warren, 2nd Baron de Tabley. Their son Bryan Leighton succeeded to the baronetcy. Leighton's brother Stanley Leighton was also a Shropshire MP.

Bernice Lever (1936-), editor, poet and teacher, was born in Smithers, British Columbia. She attended York University, where she obtained a BA and an MA in English. From 1972 to 1987, she served as editor and publisher of literary journal "Waves". Lever is the author of over 10 books of poetry and prose. In addition to her writing work, Lever taught courses in English and writing at Seneca College and York University's Atkinson College.

Wolsak and Wynn Publishers Ltd. was founded in 1983 by Maria Jacobs and Heather Cadsby to publish poetry. Among the first authors published by Wolsak and Wynn were Martin Singleton, Polly Fleck, Richard Lush, Marvyne Jenoff and George Miller. It published only one book in its first year -- an anthology of poems on the topic of jealousy entitled "The third taboo" -- but has now published 104 titles including six nominees for, and two winners of, the Governor General's Award for poetry. It has published works by Carol Malyon, Michael Redhill, Stan Rogal and A.F. Moritz, among others. Wolsak and Wynn is a member of the Literary Press Group of Canada.

(from obituary published in Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association 56 (1940) : xlii-xliii.)

R. Fortescue Fox, M.D., FRCP, London, 1858-1940
House physician for Sir Andrew Clark. Interest in climatology, balneology. Suffered from tuberculosis. Worked as a ships surgeon on a voyage to China. worked as a physician at the Strathpeffer Spa in Scotland.
First editor of "The Archives of Medical Hydrology" and author of "Principles and PRactice of Medical Hydrology" and "Physical Remedies for Disabled Soldiers", "Causation and Treatment of Chronic Rheumatism". Leader in founding of the Red Cross Clinic for Rheumatism in London.

Daniel Cappon (1921-2002), psychiatrist and educator, was born in England on 6 June 1921. He graduated from the University of London in 1944, and was trained in medicine at St. Mary's Hospital in London. He oversaw a psychiatric hospital and medical division in the Far East from 1945 to 1948, treating repatriated prisoners of war in Burma and India. Cappon emigrated to Canada in 1950 following postgraduate work in psychiatry in the United Kingdom. He was first associate, later professor of psychiatry at the University of Toronto (1950-1969), and joined York University as a professor in the Faculty of Environmental Studies in 1970. He wrote several studies including "Toward understanding homosexuality" (1964), "Eating, loving and dying" (1975), and "Coupling" (1983). Cappon served as an analytical therapist in Toronto since 1950, was a founding member of the McLuhan Institute at the University of Toronto, and served as an architectural consultant on several projects including Expo 67 and the CN Tower. He died in 2002.

Charles Bothwell Pyper (1885-1975), journalist, was born in Ulster, Ireland. He emigrated to Canada as a young man but returned to his native country to fight in World War I. Following the war, he began his journalism career as an editor and columnist with the 'Regina daily province', later moving to the 'Saskatoon star, the 'Winnipeg tribune' and then the 'Toronto telegram' in 1933. At the 'Tely' he served as a editorial writer, foreign and war correspondent. He covered the Spanish Civil War, World War II (from London and the front) and later the San Francisco meetings inaugurating the United Nations and meetings of the UN in New York. Pyper was the author of 'Chamberlain and his critics: a statesman vindicated,' (1962) and 'One thing after another,' (1948) a memoir.