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The Committee for an Independent Canada was established in 1970 by Walter Gordon, Peter Newman and Abraham Rotstein to promote Canadian economic and cultural independence. Many of the proposals offered by the Committee were eventually made into government policy including the establishment of the Foreign Investment Review Committee, the Canadian Development Corporation, and Petro Canada. The Committee was disbanded in 1981.

Founded in February 2000, Obsidian Theatre Company is a leading black theatre companies in Canada. As a producer of black theatre and community advocate, the company has endeavoured to produce plays, develop playwrights and train emerging theatre professionals. Their mission statement focuses on the exploration, development, and production of the black voice. The founding board included Awaovieyi Agie, Ardon Bess, David Collins, Roy Lewis, Yanna McIntosh, Diane Roberts, Kim Roberts, Sandi Ross, Djanet Sears, Satori Shakoor, Tricia Williams, Alison Sealy-Smith, and Philip Akin. Obsidian has encouraged Canada's local black playwrights and actors, mounting local works such as "The Adventures of a Black Girl in Search of God", "Consecrated Ground", "Born Ready" and "The Monument", as well as the first international collaboration (Canada and Barbados) of Austin Clarke's Giller Award winning novel "The Polished Hoe". They have also produced international plays such as "Intimate Apparel", "Late" and "Black Medea". Obsidian has established partnerships both locally and provincially working with companies such as The Stratford Festival of Canada, Mirvish Productions, The Harbourfront Centre, The Canadian Stage Company, Nightwood Theatre, The Harold Green Jewish Theatre, Factory Theatre, Theatre Passe Muraille, fu-GEN Theatre, Aluna Theatre, Roseneath Theatre, bcurrent, and the Frank Collymore Hall in Barbados. Obsidian produces plays from a world-wide canon focusing primarily, but not exclusively, on the works of highly acclaimed black playwrights.

Philosophy was part of the first curriculum of York University when in opened in 1960, with the distinguished Canadian philosopher George Grant teaching the introductory course. In 1990 there were 260 undergraduate students majoring in philosophy in the three York constituencies (Arts, Atkinson, Glendon) as well as sixty enrolled in the graduate programme.

The Centre for Continuing Education was established in 1967 as an adult education institute offering non-degree course in the fields of Arts and Communication, Human Relations, Urban Studies and Special Studies in Education. The Centre' s instructors are drawn from York's faculties and from professionals in the fields of instruction. Courses are offered in cooperation with institutes and organizations in specific fields. Formal classes, workshops, seminars and discussion groups are the preferred means of education in the Centre. The Centre offers instruction in the areas of Business (economics, accounting marketing), Management organizational behaviour, interpersonal communications), Industrial Relations, Language Skills and Law. The Centre offers bridging courses for those who wish to pursue education at the university level at some future time. In addition the Centre works in cooperation with those York faculties that offer non-degree courses, as a provider of expertise in areas of course content and development.

"The International Theatre Institute ITI is the world’s largest performing arts organization founded in 1948 by theatre and dance experts and UNESCO. Dedicated to performing arts, ITI advances UNESCO’s goals of mutual understanding and peace and advocates for the protection and promotion of cultural expressions, regardless of age, gender, creed or ethnicity. It works to these ends internationally and nationally in the areas of arts education, international exchange and collaboration, and youth training.[2] ITI organizes the International Dance Day and World Theatre Day every year at the UNESCO, Paris.[3][4]" (Wikipedia)

The Department of Instructional Aid Resources was instituted in 1967 to provide new communications techniques, including television, filmstrips, slides and motion pictures, for instruction purposes. The Department was to produce educational television programs, motion pictures, photographs and related material, develop closed circuit television for classrooms, and provide equipment. In the intervening years the Department has added computer graphic design, opened a television studio for production and instruction purposes, and now offers full photographic services to the university community. Audio Visual Services operates a 120-seat cinema (Nat Taylor Cinema), a screening room and a teleconference room for distance education. During the period covered by these records the following men served as Director of the Department: A.F. Knowles (1967-1974), David A. Homer (1974-1990).

"Black Sparrow Books, formerly known as Black Sparrow Press, is a book publisher originally founded in 1966 by John Martin of Santa Rosa, California. He founded this company in order to publish the works of Charles Bukowski and other avant-garde authors. He initially financed this company by selling his large collection of rare first editions. Typography and printing were the work of Graham Mackintosh of San Francisco, Noel Young and Edwards Brothers, Inc. Barbara Martin oversaw all of the title page and cover designs, which are still unique today.

Black Sparrow Press most prominently published the work of authors Charles Bukowski, John Fante, and Paul Bowles. A more complete list is shown below. These artists, now considered part of a contemporary 'alternative tradition,' were first established and nurtured under the auspices of Black Sparrow Press. Many of its titles are now highly collectible.

Black Sparrow Press sold the rights to publish Bukowski, Bowles and Fante to HarperCollins Publishers in 2002. At this point, John Martin retired. Martin then sold the remainder of his inventory for $1.00 to David R. Godine, Publisher who adopted the name Black Sparrow Books. Godine is now the exclusive licensed distributor of Black Sparrow Books while HarperCollins continues to print and reprint the books by Bukowski, Fante and Bowles, replicating the original designs. In 2010, Black Sparrow published Door to the River, a collection of essays by Aram Saroyan; Well Then There Now, a collection of poems by Juliana Spahr; and Cheyenne Madonna, a collection of linked short stories by Eddie Chuculate. Copies of all editions of Charles Bukowski's works published by the Black Sparrow Press are held at Western Michigan University, which purchased the archive of the publishing house after its closure in 2003."
-from Wikipedia entry available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sparrow_Books .

The Alumni Association (formerly Alumnus Society) was begun in 1964 as a social and benevolent organization dedicated to the maintenance of relations between graduates, attendees and the University. Membership is open to graduates and those people who attended York University, as well as Associate members who have made a significant contribution to the University, received honourary degrees from the University, or acquired degrees or diplomas from any institution which has subsequently affiliated with York. There is an annual general meeting of the Association, as well as meetings of chapters. Chapters of the Association can be formed by any twenty-five members having a common association, while branches may be established by any ten members living in a given locality. Currently there are chapters for all of the colleges of the University, as well as the professional faculties, Environmental Studies, Fine Arts and Graduate Studies.

The Office of Research Administration was established in 1970 (as the University Research Office) as a clearinghouse of information on the availability of and application procedures for grants from external agencies. In 1972 the office was re-named Research Administration Office and was moved from the Faculty of Graduate Studies to the Vice-President (Academic Affairs) for reporting purposes. The Office currently reports to the Associate Vice-President (Research).The Office assists faculty members in the application for external grants and contracts, reviews research budgets, processes and forwards all research requests to the appropriate agencies, administers University policies and regulations pertaining to research and provides administrative support for various University committees concerned with research policy and the administration of internal research grants (Senate Committee on Research, Animal Care sub-committee, Human Participants sub-committee, President' s Advisory Committee on Biological Safety, President's NSERC Fund sub-committee, SSHRC Small Grants sub-committee, etc.).

In 1972 the Research Administration Office was created from the former University Research Office as a clearinghouse of information on the availability of and application procedures for grants from external agencies. At the same time responsibility for it was moved from the Faculty of Graduate Studies to the Vice-President (Academic Affairs) for reporting purposes.

Wolsak and Wynn Publishers Ltd. was founded in 1983 by Maria Jacobs and Heather Cadsby to publish poetry. Among the first authors published by Wolsak and Wynn were Martin Singleton, Polly Fleck, Richard Lush, Marvyne Jenoff and George Miller. It published only one book in its first year -- an anthology of poems on the topic of jealousy entitled "The third taboo" -- but has now published 104 titles including six nominees for, and two winners of, the Governor General's Award for poetry. It has published works by Carol Malyon, Michael Redhill, Stan Rogal and A.F. Moritz, among others. Wolsak and Wynn is a member of the Literary Press Group of Canada.

The Canadian Theatre Review was Canada's first quarterly theatre journal and was established at York University in 1974 as a publishing project of the Faculty of Fine Arts and the Department of Theatre. It grew out of a Theatre Department publication called the York Theatre Journal which began in about 1970. Both publications were initially edited by faculty members Don Rubin and Ross Stuart.

The first issue of CTR appeared in January 1974 and it set the model for the journal's issues thereafter: themed issues, a full-length playscript, short essays on a variety of subjects and book reviews. Within 24 months, the journal expanded into theatre book publishing and began using the more comprehensive designation CTR Publications. In addition to the journal,

CTR Publications, under Rubin's general editorship, published some two dozen separate volumes including the archival series "Canada on Stage" (1974-1988), the four-volume "Canada's Lost Plays" series and historical volumes such as Toby Gordon Ryan's "Stage Left: Canadian Theatre in the Thirties". In 1982, Rubin turned the editorship over to Robert Wallace of Glendon College and its production to the University of Toronto Press.

When Wallace left as editor, the publication was taken over by the University of Guelph and edited by Alan Filewod, a Guelph Theatre professor and a graduate of the York Theatre Department when the journal first began.

The band's music is a form of folk rock and is sometimes described as "Hillbilly Pink Floyd,"[2] or "Punk Classical Hillbilly Floyd." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandalf_Murphy_and_the_Slambovian_Circus_of_Dreams

Khush: South Asian Gay Men of Toronto was founded in 1987. The group organized meetings for queer South Asians, and later broadened their membership to include women, becoming Khush: South Asian Lesbian and Gay Association. Remaining active until 1998 the organization ran a variety of queer South Asian community events, one being the annual Desh Pardesh (until 2001), spotlighting South Asian culture, art, and politics. In 1989 Khush founded the first South Asian gay and lesbian newspaper in Toronto, and Avec Pyar, a quarterly zine.

For more information see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khush:_South_Asian_Lesbian_and_Gay_Association .

The Portuguese Interagency Network (PIN) was founded in 1978. PIN was a community-based, non-profit organization which connected agencies and individuals who were concerned with the provision of Portuguese-speaking Canadians in Ontario. Member agencies in the early years included: The Doctors Hospital Social Work Department, The Working Women Community Centre, Parkdale Community Legal Services, St Christopher House, St Stephen’s House, C.R. Sanderson Public Library, and the COSTI-Education Centre. PIN’s membership eventually grew to include over 200 member agencies in addition to many individual members.

PIN’s objectives included: ensuring the provision of services through community development and active cooperation of individuals and agencies; providing on-going professional development and support to its membership; acting as a consulting and resource body for organizations and individuals; providing referrals aimed at linking individuals with services in the community; developing and promote research and planning projects for educational purposes on community needs; encouraging the exchange of information among member agencies and individuals; provide community educational programs; and granting scholarships to support and encourage youth to attend post-secondary institutions.

PIN was managed by an elected twelve-member Board of Directors and an Executive Director. The programs of the P.I.N. were carried out by working committees which focused on the following areas: Adult Education, Child Education, Family and Community Services, Health, Special Needs, and Seniors. Project-based or ad-hoc committees, included: “Ready or Not,” “Youth Committee,” “Lusophone,” and “Employment Equity.” PIN produced several studies and reports on Toronto’s Portuguese-Canadian community. It also conducted a number of public education campaigns in the areas of health, adult education, literacy, sexual assault, and skills training.

PIN helped develop organizations such as Kensington Clinic, Portuguese Mental Health Clinic, Downtown Employment Services, Portuguese Family Crisis Centre, Access Alliance Multicultural Health Centre, and Bradford Immigrant Community Services. PIN played a role in the organization of several conferences for the Portuguese-Canadian community across Canada. In 1993, a conference held in Ottawa, titled “From Coast to Coast: A Community in Transition,” brought together Portuguese-Canadians nation-wide to discuss social, economic, and political issues affecting the community. During the conference, the Portuguese-Canadian National Congress was founded.

Following spending cuts by the Ontario Provincial government in the mid-1990s, PIN discontinued its work in 2009.

“Samantha Martin & Delta Sugar are an eleven-piece band from Toronto, Canada, who are known for their blend of blues, soul, gospel and rock, and exceptional vocals.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha_Martin_%26_Delta_Sugar

Toronto-based alt-rock band

"The Paper Kites are an Australian indie rock/folk rock band from Melbourne, Victoria. The band was formed in 2009 by lead vocalist/guitarist Sam Bentley and keyboardist/guitarist Christina Lacy. To date, the band has released five studio albums and four EPs. Their latest studio album, Roses, was released on 12 March 2021. Members: Sam Bentley, Christina Lacy, Dave Powys, Sam Rasmussen, Josh Bentley." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Paper_Kites

"Ash & Bloom was a Canadian folk pop duo, from Hamilton, Ontario, consisting of James Bloemendal (vocals, acoustic and electric guitar, percussion) and Matt McKenna (vocals, acoustic guitar, mandolin, percussion)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_%26_Bloom

"The Dardanelles are a Canadian folk music group from Newfoundland and Labrador. Led by vocalists and guitarists Tom Power and Matthew Byrne, the band also includes Emilia Bartellas on fiddle, Aaron Collis on accordion and Rich Klaas on bodhran and percussion. [...] The band's recording of "Polly Moore", from The Eastern Light, was included on the soundtrack to the 2013 film The Grand Seduction." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dardanelles_(band)

“The Young Novelists are a Canadian folk-roots band, formed in Toronto, Ontario in August 2009. They play and tour as a five or six-piece band, or as a duo.” Members include Graydon James, John Law, Michael Paddags, and Laura Spink and previously included Noel DiTosto, Alex Dodd, and Shawn Jurek. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young_Novelists

"The Young'uns are an English folk group from Stockton, County Durham, England, who won the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards "Best Group" award in 2015 and 2016 and “Best Album” for Strangers in 2018. They specialise in singing unaccompanied, and they perform traditional shanties, contemporary songs such as Billy Bragg's "Between the Wars" and Sydney Carter's "John Ball", and original works including "You Won’t Find Me on Benefits Street". The members are Sean Cooney, David Eagle and Michael Hughes." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young%27uns

“he East Pointers are a Canadian contemporary folk music group from Prince Edward Island, who won the Juno Award for Traditional Roots Album of the Year for their album Secret Victory at the Juno Awards of 2017. The group originally consisted of guitarist Jake Charron, banjoist Koady Chaisson, and fiddler Tim Chaisson. They perform Celtic-influenced original songs and instrumentals with contemporary influences.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_East_Pointers

"The Slocan Ramblers are a Canadian bluegrass music group from Toronto, Ontario." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Slocan_Ramblers

Founded in 1975 by Danny Grossman, the Danny Grossman Dance Company (DGDC) is a modern dance company that was legally incorporated as the Danny Williams Grossman Dance Company in 1977. Considered as one of Canada’s most popular modern-dance troupes, the company toured extensively in Canada and performed globally across Europe, Israel, South America, and the United States. It toured in more than seventeen countries and has appeared at major dance festivals including Jacob’s Pillow. Its mission is to provide the environment, opportunity and support for the creation, performance and preservation of works by Danny Grossman. The company’s artistic statement is to present dance that is about humanity: clear, concise, daring, and universal – not afraid of subject matter. The company’s repertoire of 30 original works reflects Danny Grossman’s personal values of equality, pacificism, honesty courage, social responsibility, sympathy for the underdog and a willingness to reveal demons.

During the first two years, four company dancers (Danny Grossman, Judy Hendon, Erik Bobrow, Greg Parks,) were also members of the Toronto Dance Theatre as dancers, apprentices, and students. Working under the umbrella of TDT, DGDC practised after hours and undertook extended residencies and performances at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia. Follow the success of Higher on tour to Miami and New York in 1976, the company was invited to perform at the New York Dance Festival, the Dance in Canada Conference in Halifax, and in the cultural festivities of the 21st Olympiad in Montreal in 1976.

By 1978 the company was established on a fulltime basis and would rehearse in the evenings at the National Ballet School studios. The six members DGDC (with Randy Glynn and Judith Miller joining the founding dancers) embarked on its first tour of Western Canada with Peter Sever as manager and Germain Pierce as wardrobe supervisor. Afterwards, the company moved to its own studio space on King Street, Hendon left and Pamela Grundy (who would later become Co-Artistic Director) and Trish Armstrong joined by audition.

In the 1980s, the company entered into an extended period of creative work to build a new repertoire in preparation for upcoming tours in North America and Europe. In 1988, the company expanded its repertoire to remount 15 revivals from Canadian artists (Patricia Beatty, Paula Ross, Lawrence Gradus, Judy Jarvis, Anna Blewchamp) and some American choreographers (Charles Weidman and Paul Taylor). Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, the company would performance and tour primarily in Canada.

The company has also collaborated and co-produced with artists of different techniques, cultures, and disciplines including Judy Jarvis, Lawrence Gradus, Rina Singha, and Brainerd Blyden-Taylor. Collaborations also assisted the company to maximise resources through initiatives such as For Dance and Opera (a joint booking project to meet tour management needs) and 509 Parliament St (joint studio space for Canadian Children’s Dance Theatre and independent artists). The company also belonged to Dance 2020 (workgroup of members of Toronto dance community to set priorities and visions for the future), Arts 4 Change (a program designed to create positive change for and by arts professionals in Toronto), and Artsvote (a campaign to educate local voters and politicians about issues in the cultural sector). The company also engaged in educational initiatives with local school groups, community groups, and undertook residency programs on tour.

With shrinking grants to fund operations, the company stopped performing in 2008 and shifted its focus on teaching and preserving Grossman’s choreography. The company travels to schools and teaches works to students at institutions such as Adelphi University.

The Beauties is a Canadian alternative roots/country group from Toronto, Ontario. "The band members are Shawn Creamer, Derek Downham, Paul Pfisterer, Jud Ruhl and Darin McConnell." In 2009 they were named the best roots/country band in Toronto by NOW Magazine. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beauties

"The Once is a folk trio based in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. The group features Geraldine Hollett on lead vocals and vocalist-instrumentalists Phil Churchill and Andrew Dale playing a variety of instruments. The group performs a mix of original and traditional material and is noted for their three part harmonies, which are sometimes performed a cappella." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Once

The Atkinson College Students ' Association was instituted in 1963. All enrolled students are members of the Association which has as its main objective the fostering of activities and events that enhances the university experience of the membership. The Association has a General Assembly which is its deliberative body. The Assembly elects its own executive, the student members of the Atkinson College Council, and the student Senators of the York University Senate. In addition, the Association is responsible for the college newspaper, the college pub, and several events and activities (orientation, social events etc) throughout the school year.
The General Assembly of the Atkinson College Students' Association is a legislative and deliberative forum representative of the entire student body of the college. The Executive of the Assembly consists of a president, vice-president, treasurer and secretary
as well as five directors (Academic Affairs, Internal Affairs, External Affairs, Social and Cultural Affairs, Community Relations and a Director without Portfolio) elected by the assembly. In addition representatives are chosen from each class. The Assembly also appoints several committees to oversee college activities, publications, and operations.

The collection of art at York University was established in 1959 when a decision was made to allocate.5% of all building budgets to the purchase of works of art for public display in the new buildings. An art selection committee headed by Mrs. J.D. Eaton was responsible for selection of works. The committee, formalized as the Art Advisory Committee in 1963, enjoyed a close relationship with the Faculty of Fine Arts. In 1968 Michael Greenwood was hired as Curator of the university collection. He remained in that position until 1984 when he was succeeded by Loretta Yarlow. Plans were made in the early 1970s to establish an art gallery at the university and it opened in the 1972/73 academic year. At the same time the University Art Committee was established as a successor to the Advisory Committee. In 1981 renovations doubled the size of the gallery. The gallery serves both an educational and exhibit purpose to the university and wider community. Its exhibitions (both curated and travelling) have included shows of works by Norval Morriseau, Claude Breeze, Ted Godwin, George Grosz, Max Ernst, contemporary American art, African art, German Expressionism, photography, sculpture and installation art. Its permanent collection includes Canadian, European and non-Western art, and is displayed throughout the university campus.

Consumers' Gas Company was established in Toronto in October, 1847, as a private company to bring gas to the city for the purpose of illuminating the streets. In 1879 the company's authority was extended to providing gas for indoor uses (heating, cooking, illumination). In 1847 the company served approximately 641 consumers: by 1923 the company was serving two hundred times as many consumers claiming that every house in Toronto made use of gas. In 1887 legislation was passed to regulate the price of gas in Toronto, with the City Auditor inspecting the company's books. Further civic involvement in the gas company commenced in 1904 when the City of Toronto purchased shares in the company and the Mayor became an ex-officio director.

The Gurkha Welfare Appeal (Canada) was a government registered charitable organization in operation between 1973 and 2004. GWA(C) was the Canadian branch of Gurkha Welfare Trust, based in the United Kingdom. These organizations, with the Gurkha Welfare Trust (USA) and the Kadoorie Agricultural Aid Association (KAAA), constituted the international Gurkha Welfare Scheme (GWS).

The Gurkha Welfare Trust was established to provide for the welfare of retired Gurkha soldiers and their dependents living in poverty in Nepal. Gurkha soldiers, recruited in the hills of Nepal, have served the British Crown since 1815. The Gurkha brigades participated in both World Wars and countless military conflicts of the past two centuries and have been highly celebrated for their heroism and bravery.

GWA(C), which officially launched in January 1973, reoriented the aims of the international trust by helping not only the ex-servicemen and their families but also the broader communities in which the Gurkhas lived. The charity directed funds to improve the quality of life in the hill communities of Nepal. GWA(C) was funded by the Canadian Educational Development and Relief (CEDAR) programme of the Canadian International Development Administration (CIDA) between 1975 and 1989, and by private donations.

Between June 1975 and August 1989, GWA(C) built the following development projects in Nepal: 131 drinking water supply schemes; six suspension bridges; three irrigation canals; 22 outreach centres (or Area Welfare Centres), where ex-servicemen submitted applications for assistance and received pensions and primary medical care; 22 schools and hostel buildings; an ex-servicemen rest house; and the Dharan school for blind children, completed in 1998. The GWA(C) also contributed to the international relief effort following the 1988 earthquake in Nepal.

The CEDAR programme closed on 1 July 1989 due to lack of funding. Afterwards, only a small project office was retained to perform repair, maintenance, and improvements of the Area Welfare Centres (AWCs) in Nepal. For example, small improvements to the AWCs, such as building covered walkways, office extensions, and pension shelters, were completed during this period. GWA(C) ceased operations in Nepal in March 2003 and officially closed in 2004. Since then, the Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) assumed responsibility for the maintenance of the AWCs.

Maj. Michael Burke (1925-2004) was the Secretary for the GWA(C) from its inception until his death. Born in Karachi, present-day Pakistan, Maj. Burke studied at the St. Lawrence School in Sanawar, India. He was an officer with the 4th Gurkhas and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. He immigrated to Canada in 1958 and taught in the Metropolitan Separate School Board until his retirement in 1991. In recognition of his efforts for the GWA(C), he received the M.B.E. from the Queen at Buckingham Palace in June 1983. Following his death in 2004, Maj. Burke’s widow, Carol Burke, and Bill Smith were appointed joint Secretaries of GWA(C) and oversaw its closing.

In the summer of 1970, the Marlborough Avenue Ratepayers' Association, a part of the Avenue-Bay-Cottingham group, began a dispute with Marathon Realty Corporation over the building of the York Racquets Club on Marlborough Avenue. The boundaries of the dispute widened when it was learned that Marathon planned to build Summerhill Square, a combined retail and residential complex on land it owned in the area. Marathon later sold the property and the Square was not built. Jack Granatstein, a professor of history at York University, was a Director of the Avenue-Bay-Cottingham Ratepayers' Association in 1969, president in 1971, and a prime mover in the Marlborough Avenue Ratepayers' Association. His description of the dispute is contained in his book, 'Marlborough marathon: one street against a developer', (1971).

The Avenue-Bay-Cottingham Ratepayers' Association (Toronto) was established in the 1960s as an advocacy group. It operated under various designations until 1970 when it acquired its present name. In the summer of 1970, the Marlborough Avenue Ratepayers' Association, a part of the Avenue-Bay-Cottingham group, began a dispute with Marathon Realty Corporation over the building of the York Racquets Club on Marlborough Avenue. The boundaries of the dispute widened when it was learned that Marathon planned to build Summerhill Square, a combined retail and residential complex on land it owned in the area. Marathon later sold the property and the Square was not built. Jack Granatstein, a professor of history at York University, was a Director of the Avenue-Bay-Cottingham Ratepayers' Association in 1969, president in 1971, and a prime mover in the Marlborough Avenue Ratepayers' Association. His description of the dispute is contained in his book, 'Marlborough marathon: one street against a developer', (1971).

The University Women's Club of North York received its charter as the first suburban club and 70th member of the Canadian Federation of University Women in October 1951. The impetus for the establishment of this club came from Grace Morgan in conversation with some of her apartment building neighbours. These initial discussions led to an organizational meeting attended by Morgan and nine others at her home on October 18. The inaugural meeting, attended by 20 graduates, was held on October 31 and officers were elected including Margaret Wright as the first President and Morgan as Honourary President. In a short time, membership was up to 53 and this increased to 400 by 1976. The UWCNY offers a variety of opportunities for the intellectual enrichment of its members through general meetings, lectures, study and interest groups in areas such as money management, current events, art appreciation and book studies. Since 1954, through its scholarship fund, the club provides bursaries and awards to local area female students attending post-secondary institutions.

Constituted in Toronto in 1979, the Association of Canadian Film Craftspeople was later recognized as a trade union in Ontario and operated as an unincorporated association representing the workplace interests of film technicians in sectors including lighting, hair and makeup, camera work, set decorating and transportation. In addition to negotiating improved pay and working conditions and promoting skills development workshops, the association provided its membership with health insurance and other benefits. The ACFC participated in Canadian industry committees, lobby groups and events and supported many organizations dedicated to the development of Canadian film production personnel. By 1989 the ACFC had opened locals in Winnipeg and Vancouver and including Toronto reached a membership peak of 800. By the early 1990's, a shifting marketplace and an intense rivalry with other unions resulted in a declining membership. The ACFC was dissolved in April of 1998 and many of its locals merged with the rival International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees. One division of the former association, ACFC West, continues to operate in British Columbia.

'Cartographica' is considered to be the foremost journal in its field, publishing articles on latest developments of in cartography. It was formed by the union of 'Canadian cartographer,' and 'Cartographica,' and has long been associated with the Geography Department of York University.

The New Play Society, established by Dora Mavor Moore in 1946, was a professional, non-profit theatre company, which produced original and other works (seventy-two productions in total). One of its most enduring efforts was the annual review 'Spring thaw,' which Moore's son, Mavor Moore, took charge of in the 1950s. The society was also responsible for a theatre school in Toronto.

'Northern journey' was a Canadian literary magazine published in Montreal from 1971-1976. Its original publisher was Terrance MacCormack, who was also a founding co-editor with Fraser Sutherland. The magazine published many of Canada's best poets and writers, including Earle Birney, Gwendolyn MacEwen, Norman Levine, George Woodcock, Margaret Atwood and others. It was also a forum for literary and cultural debate, particularly in the area of Canadian nationalism.

Project Ossington was opened in 1967 on Portland Street, Toronto, as a hostel for distressed children. It soon moved premises to Ossington Avenue, Toronto (1968). The hostel took in all young people including those turned away from other facilities. A strict regimen was followed at the hostel. It was closed in 1971 by its director, Mrs. Patricia Whitehead, because of a drop in attendance. In its four years of existence it was host to 3,000 youths.

Stop Spadina Save Our City Co-ordinating Committee was established in the autumn of 1969 as an advocacy group attempting to halt the extension of the William R. Allen Road (popularly termed the Spadina Expressway) into the core of the City of Toronto. The group organized rallies and marches, petitioned politicians at the local and provincial level, and distributed information materials encouraging citizens to protest the extension of the road. In 1975, the provincial government effectively halted the extension of the Allen by ceding a strip of land in the city's north end to the City of Toronto. Allan Powell was the chair of Stop Spadina.

The 'Toronto telegram' (originally the 'Evening telegram,') was launched in 1876 by John Ross Robertson. The 'Tely' strongly supported the British connection in Canada, appealing to British and Imperial sentiments even after Canadian nationalism became fashionable. The newspaper was locked in a circulation war with its afternoon rival, the 'Toronto star', for much of the twentieth century. The battle involved giveaway contests, scoops, and even hiding personalities (like swimmer Marilyn Bell) from the competition to ensure exclusive stories. Following Robertson's death, the paper was continued by a trust he had established. In 1948 the newspaper was sold to George McCullagh, owner of the Toronto Globe & mail, who invited John Bassett to act as publisher. In 1952 Bassett bought the newspaper and attempted to best the Star with new features in his newspaper, the introduction of colour photography (which meant the demise of the famous 'pink' newsprint on which the "Tely" had been printed), and other modernizations (including a news office building). Falling circulation and lack of advertising led Bassett to close the newspaper in 1971.

The Dean of the Osgoode Hall Law School is the senior academic and administrative officer in the School. The Dean oversees the implementation of legislation (Senate and Faculty) within the Law School, promotes and facilitates the academic program, administers all facets of personnel management in the Law School especially with regard to the hiring of faculty members in accordance with collective agreements and promotes research and professional development. Planning is an additional area of responsibility
along with financial management where s/he is to strike the Law School's budget in accordance with university priorities and finances. Finally the Dean is responsible for external relations both within the university and in the wider community.
In the period covered by these records the following men have served as Dean of the Osgoode Hall Law School at York University and when it was still operated by the Law Society of Upper Canada:
H. Allan Leal (1958-1966), Alan Mewett (Acting 1966), Gerald LeDain (1967-1972), Harry Arthurs (1972-1978), Stanley M.D. Beck (1978-1983), John D. McCamus (1983-1986), John Maxwell Evans (1987-acting), James C. MacPherson (1988-1992).

The Faculty Council is the primary decision- making forum in the Law School and is composed of all faculty, student representatives, representatives of other faculties at York, the administrative staff, the non-faculty library staff, the support staff and the Director of the Parkdale Community Legal Services. Its purpose is to review all academic policy including admissions, course evaluation, new programmes of study and related topics.
The Council has a number of standing committees, including Academic Policy, Academic Standing, Admissions Advisory, Clinical Education, Faculty Recruitment, Graduate Studies, Library Advisory, Nominating, Priorities and Finance, Research Advisory, Student Awards, Student Faculty Relations and Tenure and Promotion.

The Samuel J. Zacks Gallery was opened in 1970 and dedicated to Zacks, an industrialist, philanthropist and member of the Board of the Art Gallery of Ontario. The Gallery has exhibited works by international, Canadian and York student artists. It is staffed by student Directors.

The York-Kenya Project was initiated by the Government of Kenya and the Government of Canada through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). CIDA arranged for York University to administer the project. The project had three components: the establishment of a Planning and Evaluation Unit in the Kenyan Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning for which York provided a field staff; a Training Programme, through which Kenyans were educated at York to take over the Planning Unit and act as future teachers of economic planning; and a research component on particular topics proposed by the Kenyan Government, the York field staff, or the university.

The Council of the York Student Federation began in 1968 as the York Student Council, changing its name in 1969 to Council of the York Student Federation. In 1990 its name was changed again, this time to the York Federation of Students. Prior to 1968, the York Student Representative Council had served the interests of students at the university. Originally made up of students from the three colleges (Founders, Vanier, Winters) and the two faculties (Graduate Studies, Administrative Studies), with an invitation of membership to faculty, the Federation is currently comprised of all students in the Faculties of Arts, Fine Arts, Education, and Pure and Applied Science and the undergraduate students in the Faculty of Administrative Studies. Associate members include students in Osgoode Hall Law School, Glendon and Atkinson colleges. The Federation is governed by a Board of Directors comprised of an elected President, Secretary and Treasurer, and representatives of the constituent members. In addition there are vice presidents for external relations, finance, internal relations, equality and social affairs, and commissioners for health care and clubs.
The purpose of the Federation is to represent the interests of the student members within the university community and with various external bodies (Ontario Federation of Students, etc), to serve as a communications and information service for the student body, and to administer social, cultural, athletic and business operations of the Federation on behalf of students.

The Alumnus Society was begun in 1964 as a social and benevolent organization dedicated to the maintenance of relations between graduates, attendees and the University. Its name was later changed to Alumni Association.

The Advisory Board assists the Advisor in dealing with issues that relate to the status of women on campus, reviewing the annual report, and selecting from among its membership representatives for the Search Committee for a new Advisor when the current Advisor resigns.

The Board of Governors (B.O.G.) was established by provincial legislation (York University Act, 1959 repealed, and York University Act, 1965 - S.0. 143, 1965), as the paramount legislative authority of York University. Section 10 of the Act (1965) states that "the government, conduct, management and control of the University and of its property, revenues, expenditures, business and affairs are vested in the Board", and it shall have all necessary and convenient powers to do its job. The Board is composed of the Chancellor and President of the university as ex-officio members, two members of the Senate, two student representatives and two representatives of the York University Alumni Association, as well as twenty-four persons who are Canadian citizens selected by the Nominating Committee and elected by the Board. The officers of the Board are the Chairman, Vice-Chairman and Secretary (and Assistant Secretary). There are several committees of the Board including the Executive (and its sub-committee on collective bargaining), By-Laws, Audit, Investment, Finance, Property and Buildings, Student Relations, Appointments, Tenure and Promotions, Nominating, Pension Fund Board of Trustees, and Public and Community Relations.

The York University Coat of Arms and Motto were established in 1960, the Coat designed by Eric Aldwinckle and the motto proposed by John Court, a high school student from Islington, Ontario.

The College Administrative Assistants is an informal working group comprised of the Administrative Assistants of the colleges of York University. The group meets occasionally to discuss matters of common concern relating to both residence and college administration. Topics for discussion might include reorganizing the registration process for incoming students, damages to residential premises, office administration, staffing requirements and similar matters. The group has no official status, budget, and officers, although the position of convener of meetings rotates amongst the group on an annual basis.

The Director was originally named the Business Manager, with the title Director of Ancillary Services first being employed in 1972. The Director was responsible for university facilities, including parking, food and liquor services. During the period covered by these records the position was held by J.R. Allen.

The Media Relations Office was responsible for promoting the interests and news of York University to outside media organizations and the community, through promotional activity and providing press releases concerning events at York.

The Department of Personnel Services was responsible for the employee relations, including development of policy, job evaluation and salary administration, employment equity recruitment of non-academic staff, labour relations with non-academic unions, including grievance handling, discipline and layoffs, and pensions and benefits. It was succeeded in 1988 by the Department of Human Resources.

The Division of Humanities was established at York University in 1962 as a part of the Faculty of Arts and Science. The purpose of the Division was to offer undergraduate students an introduction and general liberal arts education through its courses on the arts, morals, aesthetics and related subjects. Humanities courses, by their definition, have an interdisciplinary aspect, and this is promoted by the fact that many of the instructors in the Division come from other departments and faculties within the University.
In the early years of the Faculty of Arts and Science all undergraduate students at the University were required to take at least one humanities course, and while this regulation no longer holds, there is still a strong incentive for students to take a course in the Division. The following women and men have served as Director of the Division: William Kilbourn, 1962-1968; Michael Creal, 1969-1974; Johanna Stuckey, 1975-1980; H. Parry, 1980-1985; William Whitla, 1986-1989; Peter Mitchell, 1991-.

The Interim Curriculum Committee was charged by President Ross in September 1960 with designing a curriculum for York University, which at that time was teaching the curriculum of the University of Toronto in accordance with the terms of affiliation between the two institutions. The Committee reported to the President and Faculty Council in April 1961 recommending that the College (as York was then styled) be organized into four distinct Divisions (Humanities, Social Sciences, Physical Sciences and Biological Sciences). Traditional departments would fit into one or more of these Divisions. The curriculum proposed by the Committee suggested a generalized and a specialized degree programmes, with the first two years in both being substantially the same. The third year of the general programme was to be devoted to the study of a non-Western culture, while the final two years of the specialized programme was to be devoted to a concentration in a specific discipline.

The Faculty Council is the principle policy-making body of the Faculty of Administrative Studies and approves all of the academic regulations under which the faculty operates. All new courses offered by the faculty must first be approved by the Council. Its membership is made up of faculty members, including the Dean and Associate Deans, representatives of other faculties, and student representatives.
The Faculty Council meets monthly, from September to May, usually on the fourth Friday of the month. At the last meeting of the year the nominations committee nominates committee members for the forthcoming academic year and the Council elects a chairman and vice chairman. A secretary is also appointed. The Council' s work is often handled by several Standing Committees, including the Executive, Nominating, Student Affairs and Academic Programming committees.
The Executive Committee of the Faculty Council is charged with maintaining the activity of the council during the summer months. The Student Affairs Committee is charged with reviewing policy in relation to regulations concerning academic conduct, including appeals for changes in grades and applications by students for waiver of faculty regulations.
The Academic Programmes Committee has oversight of the curriculum of the faculty, and must approve any new course offerings, and changes in any prerequisites for courses.

The Faculty Council is the highest legislative body within the Faculty of Arts and makes decisions regarding curriculum, faculty appointments and tenure, and general academic policy. The Council is composed of all full and part-time faculty members, members of other faculties who teach one course in Arts, the Dean and Associate Dean, and student representatives. In addition there are several ex-officio members, including the President and Vice-Presidents, other Deans and Principals, and university officers. The Council elects a chair, vice chair and secretary from amongst the membership and these officers preside over meetings, prepare documents and reports and retain the minutes of meetings. Election of faculty members to Council is for a two year period, the election to take place in March of the academic year preceding that in which they take their seats. The Council is required to meet at least four times in each academic session, twice in the autumn semester and twice in the winter semester. Between these meetings, the Executive Committee conducts business on behalf of the Council. Meetings usually take place on the second Thursday of the month. A meeting may be called by the Chair of Council or the Dean, or by a request from not less than twenty members. Meeting are conducted in open session, although provision is made for in camera sessions. Fifty members are needed for a quorum. The Council has an executive committee, which has charge of disposing of all administrative matters contained in reports, arbitrates disputes concerning the jurisdiction of committees, sends a monthly report of its activities to appropriate department heads, initiates and refers business to the council, and recommends changes to the rules and procedures of the council.
The committee is composed of the Dean (as chair), the chairs of all standing committees, six members of council and ex-officio members. In addition there are several standing committees: The Committee on Curriculum Development i Committee on Faculty/Student Liaison Committee on Tenure and Promotion Committee on Academic Policy and Planning Committee on Research, Grants and Scholarship Committee on Petitions, Applications and Memorials and Committee on Nominations.
The Committee on Academic Policy and Planning is charged with reviewing regulations as they pertain to academic standards, admissions policy, degree requirements, and the nature and role of teaching in the Faculty. Subject to financial considerations and availability of personnel, in consultation with divisions and departments, the Committee om Academic Policy and Planning is to initiate proposals relating to new programmes of study (in consultation with the Committee on Curriculum Development), and to make recommendations to the faculty and Senate on final grades (except in disputed cases). The Committee consists of the Dean, five faculty members and two students, along with ex-official members.
The Committee on Research, Grants and Scholarships makes recommendations to the Council and the Dean on policy matters relating to research, scholarships and the awarding of research grants. The Committee recommends to Senate the awarding of the Governor General' s Gold Medal and nominates students who merit graduation 'with distinction '.

The Student Caucus was established in 1976 as a voice of all students enrolled in the Faculty of Arts. Its purpose is to develop student representation within the Faculty Council and to organize departmental student assemblies in the Faculty of Arts in consultation with the Vice President of Academic Affairs and the York Students Federation. Councillors, equal to ten percent of the total number of faculty members of the Faculty Council, are elected in September of each year for a two year term. The terms staggered so that fifty percent are elected each academic year. The Executive Committee consists of a chair, vice-chair, treasurer, secretary and three councillors-at-large.

The Dean is the senior academic and administrative officer of the Faculty. S/he oversees the implementation of legislation (from Senate and the Faculty Council) within the Faculty, promotes and facilitates the academic programme, administers all facets of personnel management in the Faculty especially with regard to the hiring of faculty members in accordance with collective agreements, and promotes research and professional development.
Planning is an additional area of responsibility along with financial management. The Dean strikes the Faculty budget in accordance with university priorities and finances. Finally, the Dean is responsible for external relations both within the university and in the wider community.
During the period covered by these records the following men served as Dean of the Faculty: W.C. McClure (as principal of Lakeshore Teachers College); R. L. Overing (1972-).

The Faculty Council was established in 1963. It promotes and coordinates graduate studies in the university, by assessing graduate programmes, teaching and resources, and regulating standards of admission, degree requirements, examinations and similar standards.
Membership consists of three representatives from each programme with a doctoral degree and two from programmes with a master 's degree, in each case the programme director is one of the nominees. There is also one representative from those programme which have not yet been approved by Senate, one student from each programme, the Dean and Assistant Deans, and faculty members who represent the Council on the University Senate. The President and several other university officers sit as ex-officio members.

Courses in history were first offered in the Faculty of Graduate Studies in 1968-1969. At first the department concentrated on modern European and North American history. As of 1992 the programme had graduated students in the fields of Canadian history, history of the United States, Modern Europe and Britain, recent Chinese history, social history and Victorian Studies in cooperation with the Department of English and the University of Toronto.

The Faculty of Pure and Applied Science was established in 1969 as the Faculty of Science when it was separated from the Faculty of Arts and Science. It acquired its current name in 1989. The Faculty consists of the following departments: Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, Earth and Atmospheric Science, Geography, Liberal Science, Mathematics and Statistics, Physical Education, Physics and Astronomy, Psychology, and Space and Communications Sciences. It offers degrees at the bachelor 's, masters' s and doctoral levels for most of these programmes of study. In addition, the Faculty jointly offers undergraduate degrees in Science and Education, and in Science and Administrative Studies with those faculties, and offers certificate programmes in Fitness Assessment and Exercise Counselling and Coaching, and a
certificate in Meteorology. The Faculty also has two Organized Research Units attached to it, the Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry (CAC) and the Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science (CRESS).
The Faculty is administered by a Dean with a Faculty Council as its highest legislative body. In 1991 there were 1825 undergraduate students majoring in science programmes at York with a further 240 in the graduate programme.

Food and Beverage Services is a part of the Department of Business Operations in the Office of the Vice President, Finance and Administration. It is a successor body to Food Services.

Food Services was initially a department within Ancillary Services. It has responsibility for the operation of residence dining services and the several food outlets on campus. The University Food Services Committee is an advisory body made up of users and providers (students, staff, faculty and administration), which makes recommendations on prices, menus, hours of operation, food operating policy, residence dining plans and related matters. Food Services is now (1994) a part of Food and Beverage Services of the Department of Business Operations in the Office of the Vice President, Finance and Administration.

The York Founders Fund was the first attempt at large-scale fund-raising at York University. Announced in 1964, the Fund had a goal of raising $15,000,000 in five years for the building programme on the Keele Street campus. By 1966 over $11,000, 000 had been pledged.

The York International Student Centre was established in 1974 as a place of contact and information on international, cultural and ethnic events taking place at York and in Toronto. The York International Student Centre disseminates information on development education and study opportunities promulgated by Canadian agencies (WUSC, CUSO, CIDA, Crossroads), organizes a speakers bureau of international students willing to speak to community groups, and provides continuing service on immigration, housing and related issues for international students.

The Joint Committee on Alternatives was established by the Board of Governors and the Senate to investigate York's 1972-1973 budgetary crisis and its academic implications.

The Liberal Science Programme was offered by the Faculty of Science during the years 1974-1975 to 1985-1986 to provide undergraduate students with an opportunity to pursue a broadly-based degree programme in which science courses were related to social and economic issues. Students enrolled in the Programme combined courses in science with those from other faculties. The Programme was discontinued in 1986.

The Assistant Director for Collections Development was responsible for the acquisition of library materials, relations with donors of materials to the libraries, and relations with university departments developing new curricula which required bibliographic support.

The Business Officer was responsible to the Director for the administrative functions within the library, including personnel, budgeting, purchasing, and related activities.

The Reference Department provides reference services to library patrons. These services include the preparation of subject guides and bibliographies, directional maps to the collections, and the provision of telephone, in-person and written responses to reference queries.

The Systems Management Committee was charged with making recommendations concerning all library records (bibliographic, authorities, patrons, etc). One aspect of this activity was the SAMS [Subject Authority Maintenance System]. A special sub-committee undertook the responsibility for maintaining an updated, authoritative list of subject headings for bibliographic records for the libraries.

The Systems Office is responsible for: maintaining multiple files of bibliographic records; supporting the development of microcomputer technologies within the libraries; and participating in the development of cooperative computing projects with other departments and external agencies.

In the 1970s the Alumni Affairs Office was created within the Department of Information and Publications. By the late 1970s there were plans to discontinue the Office, but it was revived as part of a new Department of Development and Alumni Affairs.

The Office of Institutional Research originated with the appointment of H.S. Lee as Institutional Research Officer in September 1972, reporting to the President. The purpose of the office was to provide enrollment data, projections and planning data for the Administrative Information Systems, and to undertake institutional research for university policy makers. The Office produced 'York Data' in the period 1973-1974, a forerunner of the current 'Fact Book'. In 1975 the re-organization of administrative responsibilities brought many of these responsibilities under the office of the Vice President.

The Office of International Services, created as the administrative arm of the York-Kenya Training Program in 1969, became operational in 1970. In 1972 the relationship between the two entities was reversed, with or s becoming the directing office for all international activities at the University of which the Kenya Project was the most prominent. International Services had a mandate to determine priorities and areas of specialization for York in the international field; to provide a clearing house for all matters relating to launching, funding, organization monitoring and evaluation of international research efforts at York; to establish contacts with other universities to develop student and faculty exchanges; to maintain contacts with Canadian and international funding agencies (CIDA, UN Development Programme, OAS, IBRD etc.) for international projects (in cooperation with the Office of Research Administration), and to maintain files on specialists in other universities and agencies (consultants, engineers etc.) who might be interested in international work. In 1984 the Office was succeeded by York International.

The Physical Resources Group is an administrative structure that combines the departments of Facilities Planning and Management, the Construction Division, the Administration Division and the Physical Plant Operations Division. As such it bears overall administrative responsibility for all planning and allocation of physical space, grounds, vehicles, caretaking, maintenance, utilities, and construction activity on campus. It reports to the Vice-President (Finance and Administration).

The Administrative Advisory Committee (1967) was the successor name to the President' s Advisory and Administrative Committee, as a vehicle for senior administrative and faculty members to meet and discuss issues of common concern and act as a 'cabinet' of the president, offering advice, new ideas and related information.