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In the summer of 1970, the Marlborough Avenue Ratepayers' Association, a part of the Avenue-Bay-Cottingham group, began a dispute with Marathon Realty Corporation over the building of the York Racquets Club on Marlborough Avenue. The boundaries of the dispute widened when it was learned that Marathon planned to build Summerhill Square, a combined retail and residential complex on land it owned in the area. Marathon later sold the property and the Square was not built. Jack Granatstein, a professor of history at York University, was a Director of the Avenue-Bay-Cottingham Ratepayers' Association in 1969, president in 1971, and a prime mover in the Marlborough Avenue Ratepayers' Association. His description of the dispute is contained in his book, 'Marlborough marathon: one street against a developer', (1971).

The Avenue-Bay-Cottingham Ratepayers' Association (Toronto) was established in the 1960s as an advocacy group. It operated under various designations until 1970 when it acquired its present name. In the summer of 1970, the Marlborough Avenue Ratepayers' Association, a part of the Avenue-Bay-Cottingham group, began a dispute with Marathon Realty Corporation over the building of the York Racquets Club on Marlborough Avenue. The boundaries of the dispute widened when it was learned that Marathon planned to build Summerhill Square, a combined retail and residential complex on land it owned in the area. Marathon later sold the property and the Square was not built. Jack Granatstein, a professor of history at York University, was a Director of the Avenue-Bay-Cottingham Ratepayers' Association in 1969, president in 1971, and a prime mover in the Marlborough Avenue Ratepayers' Association. His description of the dispute is contained in his book, 'Marlborough marathon: one street against a developer', (1971).

The Gurkha Welfare Appeal (Canada) was a government registered charitable organization in operation between 1973 and 2004. GWA(C) was the Canadian branch of Gurkha Welfare Trust, based in the United Kingdom. These organizations, with the Gurkha Welfare Trust (USA) and the Kadoorie Agricultural Aid Association (KAAA), constituted the international Gurkha Welfare Scheme (GWS).

The Gurkha Welfare Trust was established to provide for the welfare of retired Gurkha soldiers and their dependents living in poverty in Nepal. Gurkha soldiers, recruited in the hills of Nepal, have served the British Crown since 1815. The Gurkha brigades participated in both World Wars and countless military conflicts of the past two centuries and have been highly celebrated for their heroism and bravery.

GWA(C), which officially launched in January 1973, reoriented the aims of the international trust by helping not only the ex-servicemen and their families but also the broader communities in which the Gurkhas lived. The charity directed funds to improve the quality of life in the hill communities of Nepal. GWA(C) was funded by the Canadian Educational Development and Relief (CEDAR) programme of the Canadian International Development Administration (CIDA) between 1975 and 1989, and by private donations.

Between June 1975 and August 1989, GWA(C) built the following development projects in Nepal: 131 drinking water supply schemes; six suspension bridges; three irrigation canals; 22 outreach centres (or Area Welfare Centres), where ex-servicemen submitted applications for assistance and received pensions and primary medical care; 22 schools and hostel buildings; an ex-servicemen rest house; and the Dharan school for blind children, completed in 1998. The GWA(C) also contributed to the international relief effort following the 1988 earthquake in Nepal.

The CEDAR programme closed on 1 July 1989 due to lack of funding. Afterwards, only a small project office was retained to perform repair, maintenance, and improvements of the Area Welfare Centres (AWCs) in Nepal. For example, small improvements to the AWCs, such as building covered walkways, office extensions, and pension shelters, were completed during this period. GWA(C) ceased operations in Nepal in March 2003 and officially closed in 2004. Since then, the Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) assumed responsibility for the maintenance of the AWCs.

Maj. Michael Burke (1925-2004) was the Secretary for the GWA(C) from its inception until his death. Born in Karachi, present-day Pakistan, Maj. Burke studied at the St. Lawrence School in Sanawar, India. He was an officer with the 4th Gurkhas and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. He immigrated to Canada in 1958 and taught in the Metropolitan Separate School Board until his retirement in 1991. In recognition of his efforts for the GWA(C), he received the M.B.E. from the Queen at Buckingham Palace in June 1983. Following his death in 2004, Maj. Burke’s widow, Carol Burke, and Bill Smith were appointed joint Secretaries of GWA(C) and oversaw its closing.

Consumers' Gas Company was established in Toronto in October, 1847, as a private company to bring gas to the city for the purpose of illuminating the streets. In 1879 the company's authority was extended to providing gas for indoor uses (heating, cooking, illumination). In 1847 the company served approximately 641 consumers: by 1923 the company was serving two hundred times as many consumers claiming that every house in Toronto made use of gas. In 1887 legislation was passed to regulate the price of gas in Toronto, with the City Auditor inspecting the company's books. Further civic involvement in the gas company commenced in 1904 when the City of Toronto purchased shares in the company and the Mayor became an ex-officio director.

The collection of art at York University was established in 1959 when a decision was made to allocate.5% of all building budgets to the purchase of works of art for public display in the new buildings. An art selection committee headed by Mrs. J.D. Eaton was responsible for selection of works. The committee, formalized as the Art Advisory Committee in 1963, enjoyed a close relationship with the Faculty of Fine Arts. In 1968 Michael Greenwood was hired as Curator of the university collection. He remained in that position until 1984 when he was succeeded by Loretta Yarlow. Plans were made in the early 1970s to establish an art gallery at the university and it opened in the 1972/73 academic year. At the same time the University Art Committee was established as a successor to the Advisory Committee. In 1981 renovations doubled the size of the gallery. The gallery serves both an educational and exhibit purpose to the university and wider community. Its exhibitions (both curated and travelling) have included shows of works by Norval Morriseau, Claude Breeze, Ted Godwin, George Grosz, Max Ernst, contemporary American art, African art, German Expressionism, photography, sculpture and installation art. Its permanent collection includes Canadian, European and non-Western art, and is displayed throughout the university campus.

The Atkinson College Students ' Association was instituted in 1963. All enrolled students are members of the Association which has as its main objective the fostering of activities and events that enhances the university experience of the membership. The Association has a General Assembly which is its deliberative body. The Assembly elects its own executive, the student members of the Atkinson College Council, and the student Senators of the York University Senate. In addition, the Association is responsible for the college newspaper, the college pub, and several events and activities (orientation, social events etc) throughout the school year.
The General Assembly of the Atkinson College Students' Association is a legislative and deliberative forum representative of the entire student body of the college. The Executive of the Assembly consists of a president, vice-president, treasurer and secretary
as well as five directors (Academic Affairs, Internal Affairs, External Affairs, Social and Cultural Affairs, Community Relations and a Director without Portfolio) elected by the assembly. In addition representatives are chosen from each class. The Assembly also appoints several committees to oversee college activities, publications, and operations.

"The Once is a folk trio based in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. The group features Geraldine Hollett on lead vocals and vocalist-instrumentalists Phil Churchill and Andrew Dale playing a variety of instruments. The group performs a mix of original and traditional material and is noted for their three part harmonies, which are sometimes performed a cappella." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Once

The Beauties is a Canadian alternative roots/country group from Toronto, Ontario. "The band members are Shawn Creamer, Derek Downham, Paul Pfisterer, Jud Ruhl and Darin McConnell." In 2009 they were named the best roots/country band in Toronto by NOW Magazine. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beauties

Founded in 1975 by Danny Grossman, the Danny Grossman Dance Company (DGDC) is a modern dance company that was legally incorporated as the Danny Williams Grossman Dance Company in 1977. Considered as one of Canada’s most popular modern-dance troupes, the company toured extensively in Canada and performed globally across Europe, Israel, South America, and the United States. It toured in more than seventeen countries and has appeared at major dance festivals including Jacob’s Pillow. Its mission is to provide the environment, opportunity and support for the creation, performance and preservation of works by Danny Grossman. The company’s artistic statement is to present dance that is about humanity: clear, concise, daring, and universal – not afraid of subject matter. The company’s repertoire of 30 original works reflects Danny Grossman’s personal values of equality, pacificism, honesty courage, social responsibility, sympathy for the underdog and a willingness to reveal demons.

During the first two years, four company dancers (Danny Grossman, Judy Hendon, Erik Bobrow, Greg Parks,) were also members of the Toronto Dance Theatre as dancers, apprentices, and students. Working under the umbrella of TDT, DGDC practised after hours and undertook extended residencies and performances at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia. Follow the success of Higher on tour to Miami and New York in 1976, the company was invited to perform at the New York Dance Festival, the Dance in Canada Conference in Halifax, and in the cultural festivities of the 21st Olympiad in Montreal in 1976.

By 1978 the company was established on a fulltime basis and would rehearse in the evenings at the National Ballet School studios. The six members DGDC (with Randy Glynn and Judith Miller joining the founding dancers) embarked on its first tour of Western Canada with Peter Sever as manager and Germain Pierce as wardrobe supervisor. Afterwards, the company moved to its own studio space on King Street, Hendon left and Pamela Grundy (who would later become Co-Artistic Director) and Trish Armstrong joined by audition.

In the 1980s, the company entered into an extended period of creative work to build a new repertoire in preparation for upcoming tours in North America and Europe. In 1988, the company expanded its repertoire to remount 15 revivals from Canadian artists (Patricia Beatty, Paula Ross, Lawrence Gradus, Judy Jarvis, Anna Blewchamp) and some American choreographers (Charles Weidman and Paul Taylor). Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, the company would performance and tour primarily in Canada.

The company has also collaborated and co-produced with artists of different techniques, cultures, and disciplines including Judy Jarvis, Lawrence Gradus, Rina Singha, and Brainerd Blyden-Taylor. Collaborations also assisted the company to maximise resources through initiatives such as For Dance and Opera (a joint booking project to meet tour management needs) and 509 Parliament St (joint studio space for Canadian Children’s Dance Theatre and independent artists). The company also belonged to Dance 2020 (workgroup of members of Toronto dance community to set priorities and visions for the future), Arts 4 Change (a program designed to create positive change for and by arts professionals in Toronto), and Artsvote (a campaign to educate local voters and politicians about issues in the cultural sector). The company also engaged in educational initiatives with local school groups, community groups, and undertook residency programs on tour.

With shrinking grants to fund operations, the company stopped performing in 2008 and shifted its focus on teaching and preserving Grossman’s choreography. The company travels to schools and teaches works to students at institutions such as Adelphi University.

"The Slocan Ramblers are a Canadian bluegrass music group from Toronto, Ontario." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Slocan_Ramblers

“he East Pointers are a Canadian contemporary folk music group from Prince Edward Island, who won the Juno Award for Traditional Roots Album of the Year for their album Secret Victory at the Juno Awards of 2017. The group originally consisted of guitarist Jake Charron, banjoist Koady Chaisson, and fiddler Tim Chaisson. They perform Celtic-influenced original songs and instrumentals with contemporary influences.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_East_Pointers

"The Young'uns are an English folk group from Stockton, County Durham, England, who won the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards "Best Group" award in 2015 and 2016 and “Best Album” for Strangers in 2018. They specialise in singing unaccompanied, and they perform traditional shanties, contemporary songs such as Billy Bragg's "Between the Wars" and Sydney Carter's "John Ball", and original works including "You Won’t Find Me on Benefits Street". The members are Sean Cooney, David Eagle and Michael Hughes." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young%27uns

“The Young Novelists are a Canadian folk-roots band, formed in Toronto, Ontario in August 2009. They play and tour as a five or six-piece band, or as a duo.” Members include Graydon James, John Law, Michael Paddags, and Laura Spink and previously included Noel DiTosto, Alex Dodd, and Shawn Jurek. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young_Novelists

"The Dardanelles are a Canadian folk music group from Newfoundland and Labrador. Led by vocalists and guitarists Tom Power and Matthew Byrne, the band also includes Emilia Bartellas on fiddle, Aaron Collis on accordion and Rich Klaas on bodhran and percussion. [...] The band's recording of "Polly Moore", from The Eastern Light, was included on the soundtrack to the 2013 film The Grand Seduction." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dardanelles_(band)

"Ash & Bloom was a Canadian folk pop duo, from Hamilton, Ontario, consisting of James Bloemendal (vocals, acoustic and electric guitar, percussion) and Matt McKenna (vocals, acoustic guitar, mandolin, percussion)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_%26_Bloom

"The Paper Kites are an Australian indie rock/folk rock band from Melbourne, Victoria. The band was formed in 2009 by lead vocalist/guitarist Sam Bentley and keyboardist/guitarist Christina Lacy. To date, the band has released five studio albums and four EPs. Their latest studio album, Roses, was released on 12 March 2021. Members: Sam Bentley, Christina Lacy, Dave Powys, Sam Rasmussen, Josh Bentley." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Paper_Kites

Toronto-based alt-rock band

“Samantha Martin & Delta Sugar are an eleven-piece band from Toronto, Canada, who are known for their blend of blues, soul, gospel and rock, and exceptional vocals.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha_Martin_%26_Delta_Sugar

The Portuguese Interagency Network (PIN) was founded in 1978. PIN was a community-based, non-profit organization which connected agencies and individuals who were concerned with the provision of Portuguese-speaking Canadians in Ontario. Member agencies in the early years included: The Doctors Hospital Social Work Department, The Working Women Community Centre, Parkdale Community Legal Services, St Christopher House, St Stephen’s House, C.R. Sanderson Public Library, and the COSTI-Education Centre. PIN’s membership eventually grew to include over 200 member agencies in addition to many individual members.

PIN’s objectives included: ensuring the provision of services through community development and active cooperation of individuals and agencies; providing on-going professional development and support to its membership; acting as a consulting and resource body for organizations and individuals; providing referrals aimed at linking individuals with services in the community; developing and promote research and planning projects for educational purposes on community needs; encouraging the exchange of information among member agencies and individuals; provide community educational programs; and granting scholarships to support and encourage youth to attend post-secondary institutions.

PIN was managed by an elected twelve-member Board of Directors and an Executive Director. The programs of the P.I.N. were carried out by working committees which focused on the following areas: Adult Education, Child Education, Family and Community Services, Health, Special Needs, and Seniors. Project-based or ad-hoc committees, included: “Ready or Not,” “Youth Committee,” “Lusophone,” and “Employment Equity.” PIN produced several studies and reports on Toronto’s Portuguese-Canadian community. It also conducted a number of public education campaigns in the areas of health, adult education, literacy, sexual assault, and skills training.

PIN helped develop organizations such as Kensington Clinic, Portuguese Mental Health Clinic, Downtown Employment Services, Portuguese Family Crisis Centre, Access Alliance Multicultural Health Centre, and Bradford Immigrant Community Services. PIN played a role in the organization of several conferences for the Portuguese-Canadian community across Canada. In 1993, a conference held in Ottawa, titled “From Coast to Coast: A Community in Transition,” brought together Portuguese-Canadians nation-wide to discuss social, economic, and political issues affecting the community. During the conference, the Portuguese-Canadian National Congress was founded.

Following spending cuts by the Ontario Provincial government in the mid-1990s, PIN discontinued its work in 2009.

Khush: South Asian Gay Men of Toronto was founded in 1987. The group organized meetings for queer South Asians, and later broadened their membership to include women, becoming Khush: South Asian Lesbian and Gay Association. Remaining active until 1998 the organization ran a variety of queer South Asian community events, one being the annual Desh Pardesh (until 2001), spotlighting South Asian culture, art, and politics. In 1989 Khush founded the first South Asian gay and lesbian newspaper in Toronto, and Avec Pyar, a quarterly zine.

For more information see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khush:_South_Asian_Lesbian_and_Gay_Association .

The band's music is a form of folk rock and is sometimes described as "Hillbilly Pink Floyd,"[2] or "Punk Classical Hillbilly Floyd." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandalf_Murphy_and_the_Slambovian_Circus_of_Dreams

The Canadian Theatre Review was Canada's first quarterly theatre journal and was established at York University in 1974 as a publishing project of the Faculty of Fine Arts and the Department of Theatre. It grew out of a Theatre Department publication called the York Theatre Journal which began in about 1970. Both publications were initially edited by faculty members Don Rubin and Ross Stuart.

The first issue of CTR appeared in January 1974 and it set the model for the journal's issues thereafter: themed issues, a full-length playscript, short essays on a variety of subjects and book reviews. Within 24 months, the journal expanded into theatre book publishing and began using the more comprehensive designation CTR Publications. In addition to the journal,

CTR Publications, under Rubin's general editorship, published some two dozen separate volumes including the archival series "Canada on Stage" (1974-1988), the four-volume "Canada's Lost Plays" series and historical volumes such as Toby Gordon Ryan's "Stage Left: Canadian Theatre in the Thirties". In 1982, Rubin turned the editorship over to Robert Wallace of Glendon College and its production to the University of Toronto Press.

When Wallace left as editor, the publication was taken over by the University of Guelph and edited by Alan Filewod, a Guelph Theatre professor and a graduate of the York Theatre Department when the journal first began.

Wolsak and Wynn Publishers Ltd. was founded in 1983 by Maria Jacobs and Heather Cadsby to publish poetry. Among the first authors published by Wolsak and Wynn were Martin Singleton, Polly Fleck, Richard Lush, Marvyne Jenoff and George Miller. It published only one book in its first year -- an anthology of poems on the topic of jealousy entitled "The third taboo" -- but has now published 104 titles including six nominees for, and two winners of, the Governor General's Award for poetry. It has published works by Carol Malyon, Michael Redhill, Stan Rogal and A.F. Moritz, among others. Wolsak and Wynn is a member of the Literary Press Group of Canada.

The Office of Research Administration was established in 1970 (as the University Research Office) as a clearinghouse of information on the availability of and application procedures for grants from external agencies. In 1972 the office was re-named Research Administration Office and was moved from the Faculty of Graduate Studies to the Vice-President (Academic Affairs) for reporting purposes. The Office currently reports to the Associate Vice-President (Research).The Office assists faculty members in the application for external grants and contracts, reviews research budgets, processes and forwards all research requests to the appropriate agencies, administers University policies and regulations pertaining to research and provides administrative support for various University committees concerned with research policy and the administration of internal research grants (Senate Committee on Research, Animal Care sub-committee, Human Participants sub-committee, President' s Advisory Committee on Biological Safety, President's NSERC Fund sub-committee, SSHRC Small Grants sub-committee, etc.).

In 1972 the Research Administration Office was created from the former University Research Office as a clearinghouse of information on the availability of and application procedures for grants from external agencies. At the same time responsibility for it was moved from the Faculty of Graduate Studies to the Vice-President (Academic Affairs) for reporting purposes.

The Alumni Association (formerly Alumnus Society) was begun in 1964 as a social and benevolent organization dedicated to the maintenance of relations between graduates, attendees and the University. Membership is open to graduates and those people who attended York University, as well as Associate members who have made a significant contribution to the University, received honourary degrees from the University, or acquired degrees or diplomas from any institution which has subsequently affiliated with York. There is an annual general meeting of the Association, as well as meetings of chapters. Chapters of the Association can be formed by any twenty-five members having a common association, while branches may be established by any ten members living in a given locality. Currently there are chapters for all of the colleges of the University, as well as the professional faculties, Environmental Studies, Fine Arts and Graduate Studies.

"Black Sparrow Books, formerly known as Black Sparrow Press, is a book publisher originally founded in 1966 by John Martin of Santa Rosa, California. He founded this company in order to publish the works of Charles Bukowski and other avant-garde authors. He initially financed this company by selling his large collection of rare first editions. Typography and printing were the work of Graham Mackintosh of San Francisco, Noel Young and Edwards Brothers, Inc. Barbara Martin oversaw all of the title page and cover designs, which are still unique today.

Black Sparrow Press most prominently published the work of authors Charles Bukowski, John Fante, and Paul Bowles. A more complete list is shown below. These artists, now considered part of a contemporary 'alternative tradition,' were first established and nurtured under the auspices of Black Sparrow Press. Many of its titles are now highly collectible.

Black Sparrow Press sold the rights to publish Bukowski, Bowles and Fante to HarperCollins Publishers in 2002. At this point, John Martin retired. Martin then sold the remainder of his inventory for $1.00 to David R. Godine, Publisher who adopted the name Black Sparrow Books. Godine is now the exclusive licensed distributor of Black Sparrow Books while HarperCollins continues to print and reprint the books by Bukowski, Fante and Bowles, replicating the original designs. In 2010, Black Sparrow published Door to the River, a collection of essays by Aram Saroyan; Well Then There Now, a collection of poems by Juliana Spahr; and Cheyenne Madonna, a collection of linked short stories by Eddie Chuculate. Copies of all editions of Charles Bukowski's works published by the Black Sparrow Press are held at Western Michigan University, which purchased the archive of the publishing house after its closure in 2003."
-from Wikipedia entry available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sparrow_Books .

The Department of Instructional Aid Resources was instituted in 1967 to provide new communications techniques, including television, filmstrips, slides and motion pictures, for instruction purposes. The Department was to produce educational television programs, motion pictures, photographs and related material, develop closed circuit television for classrooms, and provide equipment. In the intervening years the Department has added computer graphic design, opened a television studio for production and instruction purposes, and now offers full photographic services to the university community. Audio Visual Services operates a 120-seat cinema (Nat Taylor Cinema), a screening room and a teleconference room for distance education. During the period covered by these records the following men served as Director of the Department: A.F. Knowles (1967-1974), David A. Homer (1974-1990).

"The International Theatre Institute ITI is the world’s largest performing arts organization founded in 1948 by theatre and dance experts and UNESCO. Dedicated to performing arts, ITI advances UNESCO’s goals of mutual understanding and peace and advocates for the protection and promotion of cultural expressions, regardless of age, gender, creed or ethnicity. It works to these ends internationally and nationally in the areas of arts education, international exchange and collaboration, and youth training.[2] ITI organizes the International Dance Day and World Theatre Day every year at the UNESCO, Paris.[3][4]" (Wikipedia)

The Centre for Continuing Education was established in 1967 as an adult education institute offering non-degree course in the fields of Arts and Communication, Human Relations, Urban Studies and Special Studies in Education. The Centre' s instructors are drawn from York's faculties and from professionals in the fields of instruction. Courses are offered in cooperation with institutes and organizations in specific fields. Formal classes, workshops, seminars and discussion groups are the preferred means of education in the Centre. The Centre offers instruction in the areas of Business (economics, accounting marketing), Management organizational behaviour, interpersonal communications), Industrial Relations, Language Skills and Law. The Centre offers bridging courses for those who wish to pursue education at the university level at some future time. In addition the Centre works in cooperation with those York faculties that offer non-degree courses, as a provider of expertise in areas of course content and development.

Philosophy was part of the first curriculum of York University when in opened in 1960, with the distinguished Canadian philosopher George Grant teaching the introductory course. In 1990 there were 260 undergraduate students majoring in philosophy in the three York constituencies (Arts, Atkinson, Glendon) as well as sixty enrolled in the graduate programme.

Founded in February 2000, Obsidian Theatre Company is a leading black theatre companies in Canada. As a producer of black theatre and community advocate, the company has endeavoured to produce plays, develop playwrights and train emerging theatre professionals. Their mission statement focuses on the exploration, development, and production of the black voice. The founding board included Awaovieyi Agie, Ardon Bess, David Collins, Roy Lewis, Yanna McIntosh, Diane Roberts, Kim Roberts, Sandi Ross, Djanet Sears, Satori Shakoor, Tricia Williams, Alison Sealy-Smith, and Philip Akin. Obsidian has encouraged Canada's local black playwrights and actors, mounting local works such as "The Adventures of a Black Girl in Search of God", "Consecrated Ground", "Born Ready" and "The Monument", as well as the first international collaboration (Canada and Barbados) of Austin Clarke's Giller Award winning novel "The Polished Hoe". They have also produced international plays such as "Intimate Apparel", "Late" and "Black Medea". Obsidian has established partnerships both locally and provincially working with companies such as The Stratford Festival of Canada, Mirvish Productions, The Harbourfront Centre, The Canadian Stage Company, Nightwood Theatre, The Harold Green Jewish Theatre, Factory Theatre, Theatre Passe Muraille, fu-GEN Theatre, Aluna Theatre, Roseneath Theatre, bcurrent, and the Frank Collymore Hall in Barbados. Obsidian produces plays from a world-wide canon focusing primarily, but not exclusively, on the works of highly acclaimed black playwrights.

The Committee for an Independent Canada was established in 1970 by Walter Gordon, Peter Newman and Abraham Rotstein to promote Canadian economic and cultural independence. Many of the proposals offered by the Committee were eventually made into government policy including the establishment of the Foreign Investment Review Committee, the Canadian Development Corporation, and Petro Canada. The Committee was disbanded in 1981.

Osgoode Hall Law School, the teaching arm of the Law Society of Upper Canada, admitted its first students in 1889, and affiliated with York University in 1968 beginning classes on the York campus in September 1969. In its first year the new law school introduced the semester system of teaching and attempted to integrate itself into the university by offering joint course with the faculties of Arts & Science and Administrative Studies.
Student representatives were admitted to the Faculty Council in keeping with York' s policy of student participation in university government. The move to York coincided with the expansion of the library what now is the largest law library in the British Commonwealth.
The Law School is administered by a Dean, an Associate Dean with responsibility for the academic programme, and two Assistant Deans, the one responsible for student counselling, the other with responsibility for some aspects of the administration of the first year programme, admissions and computers. There is a Director of the Graduate Programme, a Director of Clinical Education (with responsibility for Parkdale Legal Aid Clinic), and a Co-Director of the M.B.A./LL.B. programme. In addition, there is a Faculty Council which advises on curriculum, admissions and academic policy.
Osgoode Hall offers the LL.B., LL.M. and D.Jur. degrees in law, as well as joint LL.B./M.B.A. (M.P.A.) degrees with the Faculty of Administrative Studies, and the LL.B./M.E.S. degree with the Faculty of Environmental Studies. The School also operates the York University Centre for Public Law and Public Policy, a research institute sponsoring major research projects and conferences, and the Institute for Feminist Legal Studies. The School publishes the 'Osgoode Hall Law Journal', and sponsors several annual lectures and events on aspects of the law. The School also produces 'Continuum', a newsletter for alumni.
The Legal and Literary Society serves as the student council, and there are several student societies geared to various ethnic, political, religious and social interests. The student-run Community Legal Aid Services Programme (CLASP) operates a community legal clinic at Osgoode as well as the Parkdale Legal Aid Clinic in downtown Toronto. The student newspaper, 'Obiter Dicta ', is published weekly.

Parkdale Community Legal Services (PCLS) was established in 1971 as a community legal service for the Parkdale community in Toronto. PCLS is affiliated with Osgoode Hall Law School whose students work as interns in the programme as part of their legal education. The clinic is funded by the Clinic Funding Committee of the Law Society of Upper Canada and by Osgoode Hall Law School which provides the services of an academic director who is always a faculty member. PCLS has always defined its primary task as poverty law and students who participate in the clinic attend weekly seminars on poverty law. The clinic focuses on four main areas of poverty law: tenants rights; workers' rights; refugee law; and social assistance law.

SAVAC (South Asian Visual Arts Centre) is the only non-profit, artist-run centre in Canada dedicated to supporting South Asian artists. For over two decades, SAVAC has increased the visibility of culturally diverse artists by curating and exhibiting their work, providing mentorship, and facilitating professional development.

Our mission is to produce programs that explore issues and ideas shaping the identities and experiences of people from the region and its diasporas. We encourage work that is challenging, experimental and engaged in critical discussions that offer new perspectives on the contemporary world.

SAVAC develops and produces a range of contemporary visual art interventions and programs. We work without a gallery space, and typically in collaboration with other artist-run centres, public galleries and visual arts organizations. This unique, collaborative model allows for SAVAC to play a vital role in Canada’s visual arts ecology by expanding the frameworks that support culturally diverse perspectives in art.

1987 Khush: South Asian Gay Men of Toronto is founded. Khush has an active membership of around 100 people, with a mandate to “educate South Asian gay men and the wider gay community about South Asian culture, as well as to forge connections amongst the South Asian community, South Asian cultural producers/artists, and the gay community”.

1988 Khush and Gay Asian Toronto organize “Unity Among Asians,” a conference for Asian lesbians and gay men in North America.

1989 Members of Khush organize SALAAM TORONTO, a one-day celebration at the 519 Community Centre, featuring arts, literature, food, culture, games, and performance, drawing a crowd of around 800 people.

1990 Khush hosts Khalla (later to become Desh Pardesh), a three-evening event of video and film, music and dance, hosted at Euclid Theatre, “intended to provide a forum for South Asian artists” aiming to “incite dialogue […] and to begin an interrogation of what South Asian culture is”. (Clara Thomas Archives)

1990 Festival undergoes name change from Khalla Festival to Des/Pardes or Desh Pardesh.

1992 Desh lengthens and broadens programming, funding and staffing, and includes film/video, poetry/fiction, theatre/performance, dance, live music, DJs, non-fiction/criticism/journalism, visual art/photography.

1993 Desh is established as a permanent organization with a small membership fee and working board.

1993/94 A group of visual artists who had been working together to curate the visual arts component of Desh, come together to form South Asian Visual Arts Collective (later to be named the South Asian Visual Arts Centre, or SAVAC)

1994 Desh and ASAAP (Alliance for South Asian AIDS Prevention) are incorporated as non-profit organizations.

1997 SAVAC is formally established as an artist-run centre, working in close collaboration with Desh.

2001 Desh Pardesh festival and its administrative body are closed, due largely to the financial crisis.

2001 SAVAC is provincially incorporated.

2004 SAVAC celebrates its 10th anniversary.

2008 SAVAC changes its name from South Asian Visual Arts Collective to South Asian Visual Arts Centre to more accurately reflect its organizational purpose and structure as an artist-run centre. In this year, SAVAC also becomes federally incorporated and celebrates its 15th anniversary.

2009 SAVAC is awarded charitable status.

2013 SAVAC is awarded multi-year the Ontario Trillium Foundation funding for a project that will involve the creation of an archive that traces the history of SAVAC as an organization, and the people and groups that preceded it.

2014 SAVAC celebrates 20 years of existence and 10 years of Monitor: South Asian Experimental Film + Video program.

For more information see: https://www.savac.net/about/ .

McLaughlin College was established in 1968, the fourth college on the York University campus. It is associated with the Faculty of Arts on campus and several student associations representing students in academic departments (Economics, Labour Studies, Political Science, Public Policy) are located at McLaughlin. The College emphasizes public policy is its broadest sense as an area of interest. To this end symposia, guest lectures and conferences on public policy themes are sponsored by the College through the Public Policy Programme. The College is also host to several research centres and external bodies including the Refugee Documentation Centre, the Canadian Council for Social Development and the Research Programme in International and Strategic Studies. The College is administered by a Master assisted by a Senior Tutor and a Resident Tutor. Fellows of the College include University faculty members as well as representatives of business,government, politics and the arts. The College Council is an elected student body which provides social activities and administers student recreational services in the College. The College residence is named Tatham Hall after a former Master, George Tathum. It is co-educational and has an active student Residence Council.

Political Science was taught at York University in its first academic session (1960-1961), with a course on the Canadian political system. Since that time the Department has expanded to offer courses in five subject fields: Canadian, Comparative Politics, International Relations, Political Theory, and Empirical Theory and Methodology. In 1991 there were over 1700 undergraduate students majoring in Political Science at York with a further 140 enrolled in the graduate program.

The Dance Department began as a programme in the faculty in 1969, becoming a department with its own chair in 1974. The Department offers courses in technique, dance therapy, historical criticism and notation. Students may pursue a course of study for a bachelor of arts degrees, a bachelor of fine arts of for a master of fine arts degree. The following faculty have served as chair of the department: Grant Strate (1972-1977, 1978-1980), Margaret Dale (1977-1979), Yves Cousineau (1980-1982), Diane Woodruff (1982-1984), Keith Urban (1985-).

The Centre for the Support of Teaching was established in 1989 as a successor body to the Educational Development Office, which itself was developed in 1980 to take over the Development of Teaching Skills Programme from the Counselling and Development Centre. The Centre supports the teaching faculty and classroom learning by providing teaching-related workshops, special programmes, information about issues in teaching through newsletters and bibliographies, and by the development of teaching evaluation instruments.

The Institute for Social Research was established at York University in 1965 as the Institute for Behavioural Research. The purpose of the Institute was to facilitate large-scale and inter-disciplinary research in the area of behavioural sciences.
It was originally divided into three sections. The Data Methods and Analysis Section offered data processing services and computer programmes designs to researchers. The Survey Research Centre, established in 1968, offered social science researchers various services in conducting research activity. The Data Bank served as a compendium of statistical data from the Gallup Poll organization, other polling groups and the Dominion Bureau of Statistics (Statistics Canada). Five Research Programmes were established by 1967: Bio-Psychological Research; Ethnic Research; Family Research; Political and Organizational Research; and
Psychological Research. These were joined in 1969 by programmes in Oral History and Judicial Behaviour.
By the mid-1970s the Institute had developed income-generating research activity on a national scale for governments and other agencies. The Institute relied heavily on the academic appointees of the university who served the Institute. The three units of the Institute were abandoned in the mid-1970s, all operations thereafter coming under the umbrella organization. The development of the Social Science Information System provided researchers with abstracts of important journal articles. To it were joined the Canadian Social Science Data Archives, which acted in the same way as the former Data Bank, the Canadian Census Data Management System and Canadian Women of Note, a biographical data bank of over 1000 Canadian women gathered for research purposes.
In 1983, Statistical Consulting Services was opened at the Institute, to offer the York community and outside researchers assistance in designing and conducting statistical research. In June, 1984 the Institute’s name was changed to Institute for Social Research.
The Institute has issued numerous publications, including research reports, monographic studies and newsletters. It also offers courses of instruction on survey methodologies and statistical programmes to York staff and students. The following men and women have served as Director of the Institute: Fred Schindeler,
1967-1973; H.M. Stevenson, 1974-1975; Bernard Blishen, 1975-1978; William Found (acting), 1979; A.H. Richmond, 1980-1983; Gordon Darroch, 1983-1988; and Valerie Preston, 1988-1991.

The Department of Psychology offered an introductory course in the first year of York University' s existence (1960-1961). Since that time the Department has grown to include a graduate programme, co-operative programmes in Early Childhood Education and in Rehabilitation with Seneca College of Toronto. In 1991 there were more than 3800 undergraduate students majoring in Psychology, as well as 239 nine enrolled in the graduate programme, making it the largest single department in the University.

The Joint Programme in Transportation was operated jointly by the York University Transportation Centre and the University of Toronto Department of Urban Studies. Established in 1970 with a grant from the Canadian Transport Commission, it promoted and coordinated interdisciplinary research and teaching in the field of transportation studies. Its goals were to promote and co-ordinate research interests and a comprehensive teaching program through support for research projects, publications and sponsored seminars.

Stong College (originally known as 'College ''E" ') was established in 1969. Like all the colleges at York University, Stong has a defined relationship with one of the university faculties, in this case the Faculty of Arts, with particular reference to programmes in literatures and languages. Stong College also promotes active community involvement and multicultural studies. The College is home to the Samuel Zacks Art Gallery, which exhibits Canadian, international and York student art and the Samuel Beckett Theatre which stages College productions.
The College is presided over by a Master with a General Meeting that is open to all members of the College. There is an Executive Committee made up of the chairs of various College committees with the Master and the Academic Adviser. There are also the Fellows of Stong College, who promote academic interests at the College.

The Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean (CERLAC) was founded at York University in 1978 as an interdisciplinary organization concerned studying the economic development, the social and political organization and the cultures of the region. It initially received a start-up donation from the Donner Foundation and currently receives funding from several government organizations. The Centre sponsors research projects, conferences, workshops and related social activities. It is also responsible for organizing the Graduate Diploma Programme in Latin American and Caribbean Studies at York University, which is an interdisciplinary programme, and the Latin America and Caribbean Studies programme for undergraduate study at the university.

Glendon Hall was the site of the first classes of the new York University in 1961. When the university took up its present Downsview, Ontario location, Glendon College was established as the university 's bilingual, undergraduate college, an affiliated autonomous faculty. In the late 1960s a proposal to relocate the College to the main campus was defeated and it remains a small, liberal arts college within York University. In addition to traditional liberal arts departments, Glendon also has departments in International Studies, Canadian Studies, Multidisciplinary Studies and Women 's Studies. In addition, there is a School of Translation at the College which offers an undergraduate degree in translation as well as a Certificate Programme in Technical and Professional Writing (in English only).
The College is headed by a principal assisted by a Senior Administrator. It has its own Faculty Council and a Dean of Students. The College has its own student-run radio station (Radio Glendon), art gallery (Glendon Gallery) and theatre (Theatre Glendon). The Glendon campus is served by the Frost Library. Students enrolled at the College must demonstrate proficiency in both Official Languages and take instruction offered in English and French.

The Department of Communication began life as the Office of the Director, Information and Development (1962) reporting to the Assistant to the President. In 1964, pursuant to the recommendations of the Woods Gordon Survey, the office reported directly to the President. In 1966 a separate Publication Office was opened to coordinate all publishing activity within the university.
By 1968 the Department of Information and Development was reporting through the Vice President (Finance). At this time the Department consisted of a Director (Wilfred Sanders) with assistant directors for Development (Kim Mcilroy) and Information (Stan Fisher) as well as editors of Communique (Penny Joliffe),Bulletin and Gazette (Judy Birchall), and a publications coordinator (Margaret Hodgson).
In 1969 a separate Department of Development was established and by 1972 there was a Department of Information and Publications reporting to the Vice-President, with S.M. Fisher as Director.
In 1975/76 the department was renamed Department of Communications and in June of 1976 it began reporting directly to the President. In 1983 the Department of Communications was transferred to the Vice President, External Relations and University Development, where it still remains.
The Department is responsible for promoting the interests of York University within the university, and in the wider community through a series of media publications, provision of information to Canadian news media, a Speaker' s Bureau, etc. Much of this activity is handled by the Media Resources Bureau (formerly Media Relations Office). Among its publication s are: 'York Daily Bulletin ' (1964-1980) and its successor, 'York Bulletin ' (1980), the 'York Gazette' (1962), Alumni News and the 'Highlights' published weekly in the Globe and Mail.

The United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America was established in 1936, with the first Canadian local in Toronto created the following year. The union, long considered on the left-wing of Canadian labour unions, was dismissed from the Canadian Congress of Labour in 1949 for suspected Communist ties and it was not until 1973 that the union was re-admitted to the Canadian Labour Congress. The UE had forty-seven locals in Canada (1993) including locals in Toronto, Guelph, Peterborough and Montreal. In that year decreasing membership lead to an affiliation with the Canadian Auto Workers.

The Toronto Musicians' Association (TMA) was founded in Toronto, Ontario on December 2, 1887 under the name of the Toronto Orchestral Association (TOA) with the objective of providing a labour union for musicians in the City of Toronto. The TOA changed its name to the Toronto Musical Protective Association (TMPA) in 1894. The TMPA originally only initiated members of the orchestral community into its association, although in 1897 initiation rights were extended to the bandsmen of the city.

On 15 June 1901, the TMPA became part of the American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM) and became its Local 149 while also retaining its own constitution and operating rights. Fees paid to the TMPA included a one-time initiation fee to the AFM. In April 1952, AFM's International Secretary granted the TMPA's request of a name change to the Toronto Musicians' Association.

The TMA's Executive Board, which became its board of directors September 1952, is responsible for the administration of the association. Regular board meetings are held as well as general meetings for the association.

Several funds were set up for the benefit of the members: the Benevolent Fund, first mentioned in 1889, provided members with relief funds in times of need. The funds were administered through the Relief Committee. The TMA maintained three other funds for its membership: the General Fund, the Contract Defence Fund, and the Health, Education, and Welfare Fund. Through the AFM, TMA members also were able to into a pension fund.

In January 1932, "The Bulletin", the TMA's first newsletter, was published. The newsletter was renamed "Crescendo" in February 1958.. Crescendo continues to be published by the TMA. From 1934 to 1956, the TMA participated in the Promenade Symphony Concert orchestra as an initiative to provide summer employment to its members and to provide weekly conceit series for the citizens of Toronto. The TMA's Musician's Club was created in October 1962 for the accommodation, recreation and convenience of the association's members.The TMA also offers its members advice pertaining to all areas of the music business, from legal protection to instrument insurance, to dental and pension plans, as well as access to working visas for the United States.

Currently, TMA membership also provides membership in the Canadian Federation of Musicians (CFM), the American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM) and after two years as a TMA member, with periodic work (at least every six months) under TMA/CFM/AFM contracts, members can join the Musicians Pension Fund of Canada.

The Federation of Women Teachers' Associations of Ontario was established 3 April 1918, as a result of a meeting called by several local women elementary teachers' associations wishing to form a provincial organization. The FWTAO's original mandate included the promotion of the professional and financial status of women teachers in Ontario through the fostering of local associations and campaigning for a minimum annual salary. In addition to representing the financial and everyday workplace concerns of its membership, the FWTAO's mandate was extended to include curriculum reform, employment equity, and other issues related to sexual discrimination. As a consequence of a long series of legal challenges that began in 1985, based on the gender-exclusive nature of the Association, the FWTAO amalgamated with the Ontario Public School Men Teachers' Federation (OPSMTF) in 1998 to form the new Elementary Teachers' Federation of Ontario (ETFO).

The Faculty of Graduate Studies was established in 1962 and accepted its first students in 1964. In 1965 the faculty offered the Master 's and doctorate in psychology, biology, chemistry and physics. In the following year the first arts graduate programmes, in English literature and philosophy, were offered along with a Masters of Business Administration degree and a degree programme in experimental space science. By 1970-71 these had been joined by economics, geography, history, law, mathematics, political science, public administration, and sociology. By 1992-1993, the university offered thirty-three graduate programmes, eighteen of which offered the doctorate, in arts, pure and applied sciences, fine arts, and professional programmes. In addition, there are interdisciplinary programmes available in social and political thought, environmental studies, earth and space sciences, and a interdisciplinary master 's degree. In 1991 there were 2750 students enrolled in graduate programmes at York University with a teaching compliment of approximately 750. Between 1964 and 1971 the faculty had awarded almost 15000 degrees.

The Communist Party of Canada was founded in 1921 as a secret society and became a public party in 1924. Banned in 1940, it re-surfaced as the Labour-Progressive Party, returning to its proper designation in the latter part of the decade. Influential in trade unions, the Communist Party has had its greatest electoral successes in municipal politics, particularly in Winnipeg. It has suffered setbacks in the 1950s with the denunciation of Stalin and again in the 1980s with the decline of Communist parties in Russia and former Soviet-bloc countries.

Winters College, the third college established on the Keele Street campus of the University, was named after the first Chairman of the Board of Governors, Robert Winters, and opened in 1967. The College is affiliated with the Faculty of Fine Arts, and offers an interdisciplinary programme of study of both studio and theory courses in Fine Arts for students who are enrolled in other faculties. The Master is the senior College official and he is assisted by an Academic Advisor, Senior Tutor, Residence Tutor, College Fellows and the College Council, which is an elected body. The residences of the College have a Residence Council made up of representatives of the Floor Councils of the several residence floors. The College pub, the Absinthe, is operated by the College Council, and there is also a Book Room and an Art Gallery at the College. The York University Portuguese Association and the York Association of Mature Students are housed in the College, which is also host to the English Language Institute, which offers English as a Second Language courses.

In 1980 the Educational Development Office was established. Its major activity was the Teaching Skills Programme, designed to aid lecturers and tutorial and seminar leaders with their teaching skills. The E.D.O. also co-operated with other Ontario universities in developing programmes for training university teachers. Janette Baker served as the Co-ordinator of the programme for most of this period. In 1989 the Educational Development Office was superseded by the Centre for the Support of Teaching.

The Division of Social Science is an interdisciplinary department within the Faculty of Arts, and was established as early as 1962 at York University. The Division offers undergraduate students the opportunity to study within host departments of the Faculty while also taking the interdisciplinary courses offered by the Division.
Courses offered through the Division include study in the fields of African Studies, Canadian Studies, Communications Studies, Comparative Studies - Third World, East Asian Studies, Health & Society, Labour Studies, Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Social Philosophy, Psychology, Urban Studies and others.
The Division has a Chair and a faculty complement, although many faculty are cross-appointed from other disciplines.

The Jewish Student Federation of York University is a social and educational body for Jewish students at the university. It is governed by a Board of Directors made of student, faculty and general members elected at the annual general meeting. All Directors must be vetted by the Toronto Jewish Congress. The officers of the corporation include a Chair, president, a secretary-treasurer and such other officers as the Board shall appoint. Membership in the Federation is free upon application as either a student, faculty member or a member of the general
public, and each member enjoys voting privileges at all annual and special meetings of the membership.
The Federation promotes Jewish, Judaic and Israeli studies at York University and cultural exchanges with universities in Israel.

The Centre for Research on Environmental Quality (CREQ) enjoyed a relationship with the Faculty of Science in the 1970s and 1980s as an organized research unit. It eventually was incorporated in to the Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry which began in 1987. CREQ had several working groups including the Working Group on Outdoor Education, which attempted to provide adult education outside of the university curriculum through site visits to environmentally-sensitive areas in Metropolitan Toronto in the years 1982-1983.

The Joint Centre on Modern East Asia was organized in 1974 as a joint venture of the University of Toronto and York University to promote research, in the Toronto region, at the faculty and graduate level, on modern China, Japan and Korea. The Centre is involved in several on‑going research projects including Canada and Hong Kong, the North Pacific Cooperative Security Dialogue and Women in Development in Thailand. In 1987-88 it's name was changed to Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies (JCAPS) and its mandate broadened accordingly to include South-East Asia. During the same period, JCAPS achieved official status as a research centre both at York and the University of Toronto. In May of 2002, the University of Toronto ceased its involvement in JCAPS and the centre’s name was changed to York Centre for Asian Research.

Abbott-Ferguson Productions Ltd. was established in the late 1970s by Roger Abbott and Don Ferguson, two of the principals of the Royal Canadian Air Farce comedy troupe. Together they acquired a 55% stake in Air Farce Productions Inc. which had been incorporated in 1978 to formally establish the ownership and management of the creative work of the group. During the 1990s Abbott-Ferguson Productions subsequently bought out the shares from other troupe members and co-owners Dave Broadfoot, Luba Goy, and John Morgan, becoming the sole owner of Royal Canadian Air Farce and its creative properties. After the death of Roger Abbott in 2011, Don Ferguson became the sole owner of Abbott-Ferguson Productions, and by extension, of Air Farce. Abbott-Ferguson Productions Ltd. remains active as of 2020. Until 2008, the primary focus of Abbott-Ferguson Productions was on the development, production, and delivery of Royal Canadian Air Farce radio and television programmes, as well as national concert tours; live stage productions; books; and home audio and video releases. The roots of Royal Canadian Air Farce exist in the improvisational theatre revue The Jest Society. Established in Montreal in 1970, The Jest Society took its name from then Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's goal of making Canada a "just society." The original cast included co-founders John Morgan and Martin Bronstein, as well as Patrick Conlon, Gay Claitman, and Roger Abbott. Don Ferguson joined the group when it moved to Toronto in the fall of 1970. Patrick Conlon and Gay Claitman chose not to move and remained in Montreal. Luba Goy joined in January 1971. Favourable reviews caught the attention of CBC Radio, which engaged the group to perform on its weekly variety show The Entertainers. The group renamed itself Royal Canadian Air Farce in 1973 with the performing ensemble comprised of Roger Abbott, Luba Goy, John Morgan, Dave Broadfoot, and Martin Bronstein; Don Ferguson was one of the show writers. In 1974, Bronstein stepped away from performing to concentrate on writing and other interests, and Ferguson became a writer-performer. In 1977, Gord Holtan and Rick Olsen joined the group as apprentice writers. The Royal Canadian Air Farce radio shows were broadcast on CBC Radio from 1973-1997. This longevity marks their success in attracting and keeping a strong national audience with their satirical sketches skewering the cultural and political events of the day. Taped in front of a live audience, the shows were first recorded at the Curtain Club in Richmond Hill, Ontario, and then subsequently at the CBC's Cabbagetown Studios on Parliament Street in downtown Toronto. From 1984-1992, the troupe began touring across the country to record their weekly broadcasts, tailoring sketches to the local audience. Attempts at television during this time were unsuccessful as the medium was unable to accommodate the troupe's need for its topical content to be broadcast as soon as possible after recording. A one hour television special was broadcast on CBC in 1980, leading to a ten week series that was aborted by a CBC strike, and two subsequent specials on the network. In 1984, a live Toronto stage show was recorded and subsequently broadcast on Global television. A critical development occurred in 1991-92 when CBC consolidated its Toronto operations in downtown Toronto. The new Canadian Broadcasting Centre housed an extensive collection of costumes, a large wardrobe department, hair and make-up departments, and contained full carpentry and paint shops. The quick turnaround from script to broadcast enabled by this development led to 1992: Year of the Farce, which was televised as a satirical New Year's Eve special to such great ratings success that the troupe was able to begin its long run as CBC Television's highest rated weekly television series. The series ran from October 1993 until the end of December 2008. The radio and television programs ran concurrently until May 1997 when the radio show was discontinued in order to focus completely on television. Making the transition to the television series as performers were Roger Abbott, Don Ferguson, Luba Goy, and John Morgan. Dave Broadfoot retired from the cast in 1989 to pursue a solo career but, as a respected colleague and mentor, he made regular special guest appearances on the television series for many years including the final regular broadcast in 2008; Broadfoot passed away in 2016. Morgan retired from Air Farce in 2001, and the regular troupe was joined by many guest stars, some of whom subsequently became regulars. New cast members included Jessica Holmes, Alan Park, Craig Lauzon, and Penelope Corrin. The fifteenth season of the series was aired live under a new name, Air Farce Live, in 2007-2008. The final half-season ran from October until December 2008, and returned to the previous production schedule, which saw the show recorded in front of a live audience on Thursday evenings for broadcast on Friday. From 2009 until 2019 Air Farce reunited to perform its very highly rated New Year's Eve special broadcasts with a mix of performers. John Morgan passed away in 2004, and Roger Abbott remained with the troupe until his death in 2011. Long-time show writers Gord Holtam and Rick Olsen retired at the end of the 2008 season. Over the years Air Farce and its cast were recognized with many awards including the Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement (Broadcasting) in 1998; a star on Canada's Walk of Fame in 2000; a Juno Award for Comedy Album of the Year in 1979; and the Earle Grey Award for lifetime achievement in Canadian television in 2000 as well as twice winning the viewer-voted People's Choice Award for favourite television program. The cast were the first Canadians inducted into the International Humour Hall of Fame in 1992, and were inducted into the Canadian Comedy Hall of Fame in 2001. In addition, cast members have been the recipients of multiple ACTRA awards. Other television projects produced by Abbott-Ferguson Productions include: three solo television specials performed by Air Farce mentor Dave Broadfoot; SketchCom, a series developed to showcase promising new comedians and comedy troupes; and XPM, a two-episode sitcom about a former Prime Minister starring Don Ferguson, Dave Broadfoot, Kathy Greenwood, and Jessica Holmes. In addition, Abbott-Ferguson Productions has been involved in developing and producing various comedy-related projects such as CBC Radio's comedy archive show, Comedy Classics, and other programs.

The Joint Centre on Modern East Asia was organized in 1974 as a joint venture of the University of Toronto and York University to promote research, in the Toronto region, at the faculty and graduate level, on modern China, Japan and Korea. The Centre is involved in several on‑going research projects including Canada and Hong Kong, the North Pacific Cooperative Security Dialogue and Women in Development in Thailand. In 1987-88 it's name was changed to Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies (JCAPS) and its mandate broadened accordingly to include South-East Asia. During the same period, JCAPS achieved official status as a research centre both at York and the University of Toronto. In May of 2002, the University of Toronto ceased its involvement in JCAPS and the centre’s name was changed to York Centre for Asian Research.

The Faculty of Arts was inaugurated in 1969 when it was separated from the Faculty of Arts and Science, and first offered courses under the current name in 1971. At that time it contained the Departments of Computer Science, Economics, English, Foreign Literature, French Literature, Geography, History, Mathematics, Philosophy, Physical Education, Political Science, Psychology, and Sociology and Anthropology. The Faculty also offered instruction through the Divisions of Humanities, Language Studies, Natural Science, and Social Science, where students could combine traditional liberal arts course work with an interdisciplinary approach to study leading to the Bachelor of Arts Ordinary and Honours degrees. In their first year students in the Faculty are required to take courses in the Divisions of Humanities, Social and Natural Sciences and a College Tutorial. The Faculty expanded its course selection rapidly in the 1970s, with new joint studies programmes in African Studies, Anthropology (which was separated from Sociology), Canadian Studies, Classical Studies, East Asian Studies, Individualized Studies, Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Law and Society, Linguistics, Religious Studies, Social and Political Thought and Urban Studies. Many of these programmes were developed within the Divisions of Humanities and Social Sciences. By 1991 the Faculty had approximately 16,800 enrolled students and had added to its calendar joint degree programmes in Business-Oriented Programmes (with the Faculty of Administrative Studies), Communication Arts (with community college diploma standing), Creative Writing (with the Faculty of Fine Arts), and new degree programmes in Economics and Business, Labour Studies, Mass Communications, Public and Policy Administration, Science, Technology Culture and Society, and Women's Studies. Many of these areas of study were developed within the Divisions of Humanities and Social Science. The Faculty is headed by a Dean who is assisted by three Associate Deans. There is a Faculty Council made up of all faculty members with representation from the students in the faculty and the university administration. In addition, there is a Student Caucus, which addresses the concerns of students in the faculty.

The Faculty of Arts was inaugurated in 1969 when it was separated from the Faculty of Arts and Science, and first offered courses under the current name in 1971. At that time it contained the Departments of Computer Science, Economics, English, Foreign Literature, French Literature, Geography, History, Mathematics, Philosophy, Physical Education, Political Science, Psychology, and Sociology and Anthropology. The Faculty also offered instruction through the Divisions of Humanities, Language Studies, Natural Science, and Social Science, where students could combine traditional liberal arts course work with an interdisciplinary approach to study leading to the Bachelor of Arts Ordinary and Honours degrees. In their first year students in the Faculty are required to take courses in the Divisions of Humanities, Social and Natural Sciences and a College Tutorial.
The Faculty expanded its course selection rapidly in the 1970s, with new joint studies programmes in African Studies, Anthropology (which was separated from Sociology), Canadian Studies, Classical Studies, East Asian Studies, Individualized Studies, Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Law and Society, Linguistics, Religious Studies, Social and Political Thought and Urban Studies. Many of these programmes were developed within the Divisions of Humanities and Social Sciences. By 1991 the Faculty had approximately 16,800 enrolled students and had added to its calendar joint degree programmes in Business-Oriented Programmes (with the Faculty of Administrative Studies), Communication Arts (with community college diploma standing), Creative Writing (with the Faculty of Fine Arts), and new degree programmes in Economics and Business, Labour Studies, Mass Communications, Public and Policy Administration, Science, Technology Culture and Society, and Women 's Studies. Many of these areas of study were developed within the Divisions of Humanities and Social Science. The Faculty is headed by a Dean who is assisted by three Associate Deans. There is a Faculty Council made up of all faculty members with representation from the students in the faculty and the university administration. In addition, there is a Student Caucus, which addresses the concerns of students in the faculty.

The Office of Advisor to the President on the Status of Women was established in 1975 as the result of a recommendation of the Senate Task Force on the Status of Women at York University.

Based in Ottawa and Toronto, the Canada Dance Festival was first produced in 1987 as an initiative of the Dance in Canada Association, the National Arts Centre and Dance!, An Ottawa Summer Festival. Following the first festival, the Canada Dance Festival Society was formed with a separate administration and an official co-production arrangement with the National Arts Centre. Held biennially since 1988, the Canada Dance Festival aims to promote and produce a week long celebration of contemporary dance, featuring the newest artistic creations from a selection of the country's choreographers. It also attempts to support the creation, development and dissemination of these artists' work to a national and international audience. Another important goal of the festival is to foster the professional growth and development of participating artists. The festival has partnered with the National Gallery of Canada, Le Groupe Dance Lab, Arts Court, the University of Ottawa, and the National Capital Commission. The administrative structure of the festival consists of a 10 member Board of Directors made up of representatives from the artistic and business communities of Ottawa.

A single course in Physics was offered for the first time in 1963-1964 at York University, the Department being established for the 1965-1966 academic year. In 1991 Physics was joined with Astronomy to form the Physics and Astronomy Department in the Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, the union reflecting a new emphasis in the field. In 1991 there were 124 undergraduate students majoring in Physics and Astronomy as well as thirty six students in the graduate programme.

The Latin American Working Group (LAWG) was an independent, grassroots organization in Toronto, Canada, which carried out Canadian-Latin American solidarity activities from 1966-1997. Formed in response to the military coup and invasion of the Dominican Republic by the United States of America in 1965, LAWG's mission was to educate Canadians, develop solidarity links between Canadians and the peoples of Latin America, and advocate for an independent Canadian foreign policy. LAWG carried out activist research regarding the roles played by Canadian corporations and government aid policies in Latin America by working closely with union, churches, non-governmental organizations and academics in the North and the South hemispheres committed to human rights and social justice. It contributed to the creation and work of the Taskforce on Churches and Corporate Responsibility, the Inter-Church Committee on Human Rights in Latin America (ICCHRLA), the Central American Policy Alternatives (CAPA), the Roundtable for Peace, Mission for Peace, Canada-Chile Solidarity, Tools for Peace, Linking Ontario and Central American in Labour Solidarity (LOCALS), Common Frontiers, and other initiatives aimed at changing Canadian foreign policy. LAWG worked with several Canadian trade union humanity and social justice funds to facilitate north-south educational tours involving workers, teachers, Christians, health workers, and those from other sectors, as a way of deepening Canadians' understanding of, and mutual solidarity with, others living in this hemisphere. LAWG worked to provide insights into the reality of Latin America that it felt was not being provided by either the Canadian government nor mainstream media. Its first-hand information and primary research was published in its newsletter "the LAWG letter," "the Central America update," "LAWG labour report," and several books critically examining the role of Canadian corporations such as Falconbridge and INCO in Latin America. Over its 30 year existence, LAWG played a significant role in influencing Canadian public opinion, and that of churches, trade unions, and government policy-makers in relationship to Latin America. There is no connection between this group and the group with the same name in the United States.

The Canadian Science and Technology Historical Association was established in 1980 to promote an interest in the scientific and technological heritage of Canada, through production of a scholarly journal, Scientia Canadensis, and the sponsoring of biennial conferences. Its membership is largely drawn from the fields of academe and government.

The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was founded in Calgary in 1932 by a number of socialist, labour, agrarian, and co-operative groups with the aims of economic reform. With the signing of the Regina Manifesto (1933), the movement became an electoral political party and enjoyed great success in the province of Saskatchewan where it formed the provincial government for several years. The CCF also enjoyed limited success in Ontario (Official Opposition in 1943), as well as on the federal scene. In 1961, the CCF was succeeded by the New Democratic Party (NDP) after forming an alliance with the Canadian Labour Congress.

Goldfarb Consultants was established in 1965. Its primary activities focus on marketing, polling and advertising. Its customers have included a diverse group of private-sector companies, as well as the federal and provincial Liberal parties of Canada. Goldfarb Consultants provides both corporate and political clients with a reading of the public mood and a prescription for how best to optimize it. Martin Goldfarb, the founder of Goldfarb Consultants, was the first Canadian pollster to expand on traditional research methods by de-emphasizing the use of quantitative research (the gathering and compilation of numbers), and emphasizing qualitative research analysis. The qualitative research approach involves intensive questioning of specific focus groups about specific issues. By interpreting the focus groups' answers, a set of assumptions is made about the probable behaviour of the people, either as voters or consumers.

(from Trent University Archives fonds-level description)
The Canadian Association in Support of Native Peoples is an association of natives and non-natives in support of natives. It was originally established in 1957 under the name of the National Commission on the Indian Canadian and was a non-native organization created to study the "Indian problem". The first chairman of the Commission was Mrs. W.H. Clark. By February 1958 it had become apparent that the problems of the native peoples were much more complex than first anticipated, and it was decided to involve aboriginal peoples in the Commission to help find viable solutions. In 1960, the Indian-Eskimo Association (I.E.A.) was incorporated, with Mrs. Clark as the first president. The I.E.A. had several functions which included encouraging native leaders to form organizations, fund-raising, organizing workshops to discuss native housing, community and economic development, and providing advice and support in legal matters. Also, provincial and regional divisions were created to help deal with specific native issues, not just native problems on a general level. By 1968, several national and provincial native organizations had come into being. In September of the same year, leaders of the native organizations met with representatives of the I.E.A. to discuss the future role of the Association. It was agreed that the native organizations still needed the I.E.A.'s support, but that they should begin to deal directly with governments, without the I.E.A. acting as the middleman. It was clear that the future of the I.E.A. was to provide only support and advice to the developing native organizations. In 1972, many of the recommendations made in 1968 had come into effect. The name was changed to the Canadian Association in Support of Native Peoples to reflect the new functions of the Association more accurately. At this time, regional offices of the Association were closed, and the head office moved from Toronto to Ottawa. The Association still continues to function in an advisory capacity.
For more information, see: http://www2.trentu.ca/library/archives/82-014.htm .

The Institute for Behavioural Research was established at York University in 1965. The purpose of the Institute was to facilitate large-scale and inter-disciplinary y research in the area of behavioural sciences. It was originally divided into three sections. The Data Methods and Analysis Section offered data processing services and computer programmes designs to researchers. The Survey Research Centre, established in 1968, offered social science researchers various services in conducting research activity. The Data Bank served as a compendium of statistical data from the Gallup Poll organization, other polling groups and the Dominion Bureau of Statistics (Statistics Canada) Five Research Programmes were established by 1967: Bio-Psychological Research; Ethnic Research; Family Research; Political and Organizational Research; and Psychological Research. These were joined in 1969 by programmes in Oral History and Judicial Behaviour.
By the mid-1970s the Institute had developed income-generating research activity on a national scale for governments and other agencies. The Institute relied heavily on the academic appointees of the university who served the Institute. The three units of the Institute were abandoned in the mid-1970s, all operations thereafter coming under the umbrella organization. The development of the Social Science Information System provided researchers with abstracts of important journal articles. To it were joined the Canadian Social Science Data Archives, which acted in the same way as the former Data Bank, the Canadian Census Data Management System and Canadian Women of Note, a biographical data bank of over 1000 Canadian women gathered for research purposes.
In 1983, Statistical Consulting Services was opened at the Institute, to offer the York community and outside researchers assistance in designing and conducting statistical research. In June, 1984 the Institute’s name was changed to Institute for Social Research.
The Institute has issued numerous publications, including research reports, monographic studies and newsletters. It also offers courses of instruction on survey methodologies and statistical programmes to York staff and students. The following men and women have served as Director of the Institute: Fred Schindeler, 1967-1973; H.M. Stevenson, 1974-1975; Bernard Blishen, 1975-1978; William Found (acting), 1979; A.H. Richmond, 1980-1983; Gordon Darroch, 1983-1988. Was one of five Research Programmes established by the Institute prior to 1967.

The Canadian Association for Irish Studies was established in 1956 to encourage study and research in all fields of Irish culture. In March 1974 the Association held its seventh annual seminar at York University.

The Registrar is the university officer responsible for the Registration Office which coordinates the processes, activities and publications associated with sessional registration, the Student Records Office which manages academic student records and coordinates administrative computing services and the Student Record Service (SRS) database, and the Room Allocation Centre which manages the allocation of teaching space at York. Beginning in 1991, the title of the officer was altered to Associate Vice-President (Registrar). The following people have served as University Registrar: Denis Smith (1960-1961), Donald S. Rickard (1961-1967), Gordon F. Howarth (1967-1969), M.A. Bider (1970 -1984), Lynda Burton (1985 -1989), Gene Denzel (1991 -1998), Ygal Leiban (1998-2000), Louis Artono( 2000- 2004).

The Office of Advisor to the President on the Status of Women was established in 1975 as the result of a recommendation of the Senate Task Force on the Status of Women at York University. The officer informs officers and offices regarding the status of women at the university, acts as an ombudsperson for matters relating to the status of women on the campus, conducts and encourages research, carries out information and publicity activities related to the status of women and represents the President inside and outside the university in activities related to the status of women. One of the first tasks of the Advisor was to organize the Presidential Committee to Review the salaries of Full-Time Faculty Women at the university. This committee reported in 1976. A committee was also formed at that time to investigate the internal governance of the university library system. In addition, an Advisory Board assists the Advisor in dealing with issues that relate to the status of women on campus, reviewing the annual report, and selecting from among its membership representatives for the Search Committee for a new Advisor when the current Advisor resigns. The Office has offered seminars, conferences and related activities focusing on women 's needs, including the 'Taking the Initiative' conferences in the 1980s aimed at mature women students.
In 1988 the name of the Office was altered to, Advisor to the University on the Status of Women. The following women have served as Advisor: Jane Banfield Haynes (1975-1977), Marion Sheppard (1977-1978), Sandra Pyke (1978- 1979), Ann Shteir (1979-1981), Johanna Stuckey (1981-1985), Naomi Black (1985-1987), Joan Stewart (1987-1989), Ruth King (1989-1991).

"NNEWH is one of four federally funded Centres of Excellence of the Women’s Health Contribution Program at the Bureau of Women’s Health and Gender Analysis, Health Canada. It brings together a diversity of perspectives and evidence-based findings to address gaps in health policy, practice and education. Research Associates come from a variety of academic disciplines and multiple sectors including sociology, psychology, anthropology, political science, nursing, law, health promotion, NGO’s, and community and health services organizations. NNEWH’s women’s health research priorities include chemical exposures including pharmaceuticals, maternal health and water quality. Dayna Nadine Scott, Osgoode Hall Law School and Environmental Studies, is the director of NNEWH and Anne Rochon Ford, Coordinator of Women and Health Protection, assumed co-directorship in April 2009. At that time, NNEWH also welcomed two sister working groups under its administration: Women and Health Care Reform and Women and Health Protection." Retrieved from http://yihr.info.yorku.ca/national-networks-on-environments-and-womens-health-nnewh/ on 2 Nov. 2018

The Alliance of Canadian Television and Radio Artists (ACTRA) negotiates and administers collective agreements and sets minimum rates and basic conditions governing the English-language radio, television and film industry. ACTRA is composed of three guilds, and had its genesis in the Association of Radio Artists (1943), assuming the name Association of Canadian Television and Radio Artists in 1961. In 1984 ACTRA was reorganized and the first word in the title altered to 'Alliance'. The ACTRA Awards were first given in 1970 honouring Canadian writers, broadcast journalists and performers.

The International Commission for Coordination of Solidarity Among Sugar Workers (ICCSASW) was an ecumenical church-sponsored organization founded in 1983. It emerged from the work begun by GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)-Fly, an inter-church initiative for an alternative trade policy. GATT-Fly’s initial focus was the sugar trade, chosen and researched as a case study of the impact of international trade policy on developing countries. GATT-Fly’s efforts to bring about an International Sugar Agreement (to provide a fair return to sugar exporting countries) were unsuccessful, however their research and network building linked Canadian missionaries in sugar exporting countries with local workers’ organizations. This led in 1983 to the creation of ICCSASW, financed largely by church overseas development agencies. Based in Toronto, Canada, ICCSASW had a 10-member international steering committee of sugar union leaders.

ICCSASW aimed to provide an independent forum and build solidarity among workers across the political spectrum, through solidarity campaigns, national and regional seminars, international conferences and its monthly newsletter “Sugar World.” In 1998, ICCSASW ceased to exist due to lack of funding, although much of ICCSASW’s work has continued under the Geneva-based International Union of Food Workers (IUF), a trade secretariat. A more detailed administrative history and a list of contents written by ICCSASW executive secretary, Reg McQuaid, have been added by the archivist to file 2006-060/001(01) “Historical notes from the executive director about ICCSASW and SWIERL [Sugar Workers and Industry Education Resource Library]”.