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The Residence Council represented the interests of the residential students of McLaughlin College, to the College administration and assumed the responsibility of ensuring discipline through the application of residence regulations with recourse to a discipline tribunal with power to enforce fines and punishments. The Residence was divided into six houses, each having an elected House Committee consisting of a House President, Vice-President and Treasurer and other officers as it sees fit. The Council was made up of the Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the Houses together with a Student Council representative and College officers who all sit as ex-officio members. The Council Executive consisted of an elected Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, Treasurer, Secretary, Social Convener and Chair of Complaints.

The Tatham Hall Council (formerly Residence Council) represents the interests of the residential students of McLaughlin College, to the College administration and assumes the responsibility of ensuring discipline through the application of residence regulations with recourse to a discipline tribunal with power to enforce fines and punishments. The Residence is divided into six houses, each having an elected House Committee consisting of a House President, Vice-President and Treasurer and other officers as it sees fit. The Tatham Hall Council is made up of the Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the Houses together with a Student Council representative and College officers who all sit as ex-officio members. The Council Executive consists of an elected Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, Treasurer, Secretary, Social Convener and Chair of Complaints.

The Law Society of Upper Canada, admitted its first students in 1889, and affiliated with York University in 1968 beginning classes on the York campus in September 1969.

Norman Bethune College (initially College 'G' ) was established in 1971. The college' s operations were located in the Steacie Science Building until the 1972-73 academic year when the college moved into its own building. The College was initially associated with many of the community and socially-active programmes and services on campus (LaMarsh Centre on Violence and Conflict Resolution,
York Community Connection, the Chile Project) and, beginning in 1989-90, when faculties were formally linked with the colleges, Bethune began an affiliation with the Faculty of Science which has offices on site. The college' s formal disciplinary theme is Science and Society. Many of the science-related clubs on campus (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics) are housed in the College, along with the York Malaysian/ Singapore Club, the York University Chinese Students ' Association and the Association of Chinese Scholars and Students at York. The College also houses the newspaper, 'The Lexicon ', and the literary publication, 'Borderlines'.
The Master is the senior college officer, aided by a senior tutor, residence dons, the Master 's Advisory Council and the College Fellows. There is an Alumni Association, College Council, and a Residence Council for students.

Osgoode Hall Law School, the teaching arm of the Law Society of Upper Canada, admitted its first students in 1889, and affiliated with York University in 1968 beginning classes on the York campus in September 1969. In its first year the new law school introduced the semester system of teaching and attempted to integrate itself into the university by offering joint course with the faculties of Arts & Science and Administrative Studies.
Student representatives were admitted to the Faculty Council in keeping with York' s policy of student participation in university government. The move to York coincided with the expansion of the library what now is the largest law library in the British Commonwealth.
The Law School is administered by a Dean, an Associate Dean with responsibility for the academic programme, and two Assistant Deans, the one responsible for student counselling, the other with responsibility for some aspects of the administration of the first year programme, admissions and computers. There is a Director of the Graduate Programme, a Director of Clinical Education (with responsibility for Parkdale Legal Aid Clinic), and a Co-Director of the M.B.A./LL.B. programme. In addition, there is a Faculty Council which advises on curriculum, admissions and academic policy.
Osgoode Hall offers the LL.B., LL.M. and D.Jur. degrees in law, as well as joint LL.B./M.B.A. (M.P.A.) degrees with the Faculty of Administrative Studies, and the LL.B./M.E.S. degree with the Faculty of Environmental Studies. The School also operates the York University Centre for Public Law and Public Policy, a research institute sponsoring major research projects and conferences, and the Institute for Feminist Legal Studies. The School publishes the 'Osgoode Hall Law Journal', and sponsors several annual lectures and events on aspects of the law. The School also produces 'Continuum', a newsletter for alumni.
The Legal and Literary Society serves as the student council, and there are several student societies geared to various ethnic, political, religious and social interests. The student-run Community Legal Aid Services Programme (CLASP) operates a community legal clinic at Osgoode as well as the Parkdale Legal Aid Clinic in downtown Toronto. The student newspaper, 'Obiter Dicta ', is published weekly.

Radio York was established in 1969 as a student-operated radio station that broadcast throughout York University. In 1987 the station received Canadian Radio and Television Commission approval to begin public broadcasting as radio station CHRY 105.5 FM. The station has limited revenues from advertising sales and receives the bulk of its operating monies from a levy on York University students. It has a Board of Directors made up of students, alumni, radio alumni and members of the external community. The Board is elected annually, and oversees the operations of the station. The daily decision-making power at the station rests with the Program Director.

The Council of the York Student Federation began in 1968 as the York Student Council, changing its name in 1969 to Council of the York Student Federation. In 1990 its name was changed again, this time to the York Federation of Students. Prior to 1968, the York Student Representative Council had served the interests of students at the university. Originally made up of students from the three colleges (Founders, Vanier, Winters) and the two faculties (Graduate Studies, Administrative Studies), with an invitation of membership to faculty, the Federation is currently comprised of all students in the Faculties of Arts, Fine Arts, Education, and Pure and Applied Science and the undergraduate students in the Faculty of Administrative Studies. Associate members include students in Osgoode Hall Law School, Glendon and Atkinson colleges. The Federation is governed by a Board of Directors comprised of an elected President, Secretary and Treasurer, and representatives of the constituent members. In addition there are vice presidents for external relations, finance, internal relations, equality and social affairs, and commissioners for health care and clubs.
The purpose of the Federation is to represent the interests of the student members within the university community and with various external bodies (Ontario Federation of Students, etc), to serve as a communications and information service for the student body, and to administer social, cultural, athletic and business operations of the Federation on behalf of students.

Founders was the first college established on the main campus of York University, opening in September 1965. The College is affiliated with the Faculty of Arts with special attention paid to the disciplines of Anthropology, French Studies, History, Psychology and Women 's Studies. In addition, the college offers a number of course in the college tutorial programme and is part of the Inter-College Curriculum programme. The college contains the Arthur Haberman Art Gallery, the Nellie Langford Rowell Library and the Office of the University Advisor on the Status of Women. It has a residence building made up of seven houses, each named after a member of the Group of Seven.

Glendon Hall was the site of the first classes of the new York University in 1961. When the university took up its present Downsview, Ontario location, Glendon College was established as the university 's bilingual, undergraduate college, an affiliated autonomous faculty. In the late 1960s a proposal to relocate the College to the main campus was defeated and it remains a small, liberal arts college within York University. In addition to traditional liberal arts departments, Glendon also has departments in International Studies, Canadian Studies, Multidisciplinary Studies and Women 's Studies. In addition, there is a School of Translation at the College which offers an undergraduate degree in translation as well as a Certificate Programme in Technical and Professional Writing (in English only).
The College is headed by a principal assisted by a Senior Administrator. It has its own Faculty Council and a Dean of Students. The College has its own student-run radio station (Radio Glendon), art gallery (Glendon Gallery) and theatre (Theatre Glendon). The Glendon campus is served by the Frost Library. Students enrolled at the College must demonstrate proficiency in both Official Languages and take instruction offered in English and French.

The Student Union is the political and social voice of all students enrolled in the College and represents students on various College and University committees. Its executive consists of a President and Vice-President and Directors of Cultural Affairs, Bilingual Affairs, Academic Affairs, Clubs & Services, Communications and External Affairs. The body of the union is made up of annually elected councillors, first year representatives and representatives of each department and programme at the College. In addition, the Alumni Association is represented.

The Jewish Student Federation of York University is a social and educational body for Jewish students at the university. It is governed by a Board of Directors made of student, faculty and general members elected at the annual general meeting. All Directors must be vetted by the Toronto Jewish Congress. The officers of the corporation include a Chair, president, a secretary-treasurer and such other officers as the Board shall appoint. Membership in the Federation is free upon application as either a student, faculty member or a member of the general
public, and each member enjoys voting privileges at all annual and special meetings of the membership.
The Federation promotes Jewish, Judaic and Israeli studies at York University and cultural exchanges with universities in Israel.

Radio York was established in 1969 as a student-operated radio station that broadcast throughout York University. In 1987 the station received Canadian Radio and Television Commission approval to begin public broadcasting as radio station CHRY 105.5 FM. The station has limited revenues from advertising sales and receives the bulk of its operating monies from a levy on York University students. It has a Board of Directors made up of students, alumni, radio alumni and members of the external community. The Board is elected annually, and oversees the operations of the station. The daily decision-making power at the station rests with the Program Director.

The Master is the senior administrative officer of the College, and sits on the several councils and committees that make up the governance of the college (College Council, the Fellows, Council of Masters, Inter-College Curriculum Committee). In addition, the Master is responsible for the residential life of the College together with the Residence Tutor and Dons and the Residence Council. In the period covered by these records the following men served as Master: John J. Conway (1970-1975) and Hugh Parry (1970-1975).

The Student Council of Founders College is the main voice of students in the College and for Founders students within the York Federation of Students and in the Senate of the university. In addition to its governing function, the Council is responsible for the student pub, the Cock and Bull, and social and athletic activities at the College.

The Committee (also known as the President' s Planning Committee for Glendon College), was established to advise the President on the establishment of Glendon College as a small, liberal arts college within York University once that institution had been established on its main, Keele Street, location. The needs of the College programme in administrative terms, its academic structure, faculty and hiring were are part of the committee' s mandate.

The Senior Administrator was responsible for the daily operations of the College including membership on most of the College committees, financial and budgetary matters (including personnel and salaries), food services, handling minor research grants, as well as mundane matters of an administrative nature, such as controlling allotment of parking spaces, safety measures, and telephone requirements. During the period covered by these records Victor Berg served in this office.

The York University Senior Common Room was established at Glendon Hall in 1963. This Senior Common Room became the Glendon College Common Room in 1966 when the Founders College Senior Common Room opened on the Keele Street campus in that year.

The Green Bush Inn was created in 1969 as the first student pub on the York University campus. At one point, the corporation hoped to restore the historic Green Bush Inn which had been built in 1847, and was located at the corners of Steeles Avenue and Yonge Street, but the plan was abandoned once the costs became known.
In addition to providing management services to College pubs, the Green Bush Inn operated a weekly pub in one of the College dining halls. When the university acquired a canteen license from the Liquor Licensing Commission of Ontario in 1974, the Green Bush Inn lost its management role and also became redundant as a weekly pub. It ceased operations in 1975.

The Founders College Senior Common Room opened on the Keele Street campus in 1966. This establishment was renamed the York University College Faculty Common Room in 1968.

The Dean of Students, who also served as the Master of Residence was responsible for most student matters relating to cultural affairs, social events, graduate fellowships, and all matters pertaining to residence life at the College.

The Principal is appointed by the Board of Governors on the advice of the President and s/he is ultimately accountable to the Board. As the chief academic and administrative officer of the College, the Principal has responsibility for overseeing the implementation of Senate and Faculty legislation. The Principal promotes and facilitates the academic programme, both in the planning and execution stages, and encourages the extra-curricular programs within the College. In addition, the Principal is charged with the responsibility for personnel matters, including the recruitment tenure and promotion of faculty, the promotion of research activity amongst the faculty, and the maintenance of all personnel policies in line with collective agreements. In addition to these academic and personnel responsibilities, the Principal is the chief financial officer of the College, and therefore must strike the annual budget. The Principal also represents the College within the university and to external bodies. During the period covered by these records the following men served as Principal of Glendon College: Escott Reid (1966-1970) and Albert V. Tucker (1970-1976).

Information York was an internal information service to members of the York community on services, faculties departments and activities in the university, that operated from 1975 to 1981.

Calumet College (initially known as College 'F') was established in 1971. It was the only college on the campus without a building and without residential student members until 1991 when the Calumet College Building and Calumet College were opened. As of 1989, Calumet became the college of all Winter/Summer undergraduate students, and in 1992 it became affiliated with the Faculty of Administrative Studies.
Calumet is administered by a Master who is assisted by the College General Meeting which meets monthly, and is made up of all college students, Fellows and the Master. It sets the general policies and priorities of the college, including expenditures. The College General Meeting has adopted positions on several public issues including nuclear disarmament, wildlife conservation, and apartheid. The College' s unofficial name in 1970 was 'Peace College'. In addition to the General Meeting the co-curricular activities instigated by the Programme Committee and the Calumet Network Committee include seminars, art shows, electronic music workshops and activities related to the college curricular programme. There is a college newspaper, 'Calumetro ' and the On the Edge Pub (a successor to the Ainger Coffeeshop).
Calumet is home to the Bootstrap, a 24-hour computer lab, and Page Plus, a desktop publishing centre to assist students and faculty. Both of these facilities are evidence Calumet' s attention to computing sciences.

The Faculty Council of Glendon College is the highest legislative body of the College. It makes decisions regarding curriculum, faculty appointments and tenure, and general academic policy. The Council is composed of all full-time faculty and student representatives. In addition, members of the College administration have ex-officio status on the Council.
The Council also has several standing committees dealing with aspects of the academic and College activities of Glendon: these include, Executive, Nominating, Academic Policy and Planning, Curriculum, Academic Standards, Teaching and Learning, Petitions and Library committees.

Harbinger Community Services was a health clinic and referral service established at York in 1971. It was formerly called the York Student Clinic which itself was a merger of 1 Road 1 and the Birth Control Centre. Harbinger offered counselling and referral services in the area of drug awareness and intervention, birth control, sexuality problems, suicide and women 1 s self- help. Funded by the York Student Federation, it ceased to exist in the early 1980s.

The Atkinson Faculty Council was established in 1962 by the university Senate as the legislative and deliberative body of the college. It dealt with all academic matters, including curriculum, examinations and petitions of grades. In addition, it has responsibility for policy and planning activities, hiring of faculty and awarding of research grants to faculty and student awards. In 1964 it was succeeded by the College Council.

The collection of art at York University was established in 1959 when a decision was made to allocate.5% of all building budgets to the purchase of works of art for public display in the new buildings. An art selection committee headed by Mrs. J.D. Eaton was responsible for selection of works. The committee, formalized as the Art Advisory Committee in 1963, enjoyed a close relationship with the Faculty of Fine Arts. In 1968 Michael Greenwood was hired as Curator of the university collection. He remained in that position until 1984 when he was succeeded by Loretta Yarlow. Plans were made in the early 1970s to establish an art gallery at the university and it opened in the 1972/73 academic year. At the same time the University Art Committee was established as a successor to the Advisory Committee. In 1981 renovations doubled the size of the gallery. The gallery serves both an educational and exhibit purpose to the university and wider community. Its exhibitions (both curated and travelling) have included shows of works by Norval Morriseau, Claude Breeze, Ted Godwin, George Grosz, Max Ernst, contemporary American art, African art, German Expressionism, photography, sculpture and installation art. Its permanent collection includes Canadian, European and non-Western art, and is displayed throughout the university campus.

Reporting to the College Dean, the Assistant Dean was charged with academic and administrative duties relating to the provision of services and courses at the college, a task that had previously been that of the Associate Dean of the College. The job was eventually re-defined, with an assistant dean (administration) and an assistant dean with academic responsibilities. By 1972, the assistant deans were replaced with associate deans. The office was filled by Professor Harold Adelman from 1969-1971.

The concept of using general divisions (Humanities, Social Science, Natural Science) was introduced at Atkinson College in the 1966-1967 academic year but the College reverted to the traditional departmental structure six years later. Division Directors were academic administrators who oversaw the introduction of courses and the appointment of faculty. They were elected by their divisional peers. The present records date from the period in which Walter B. Carter served as Director of the Humanities Division, 1969-1972.

The position of Associate Dean was created in 1966, with responsibility for the overall academic programme of the College. This included responsibility for the development of the general education programme: through consultation with Divisional directors, he had administrative responsibility for development of the curriculum, hiring and promotion of faculty, the academic budget, the College calendar, the examination schedule, and related matters. The position was vacant from 1969-1972, with many of these responsibilities being assumed by the Assistant Dean. In 1972, new Associate Deans were appointed. For the period 1966-1969 Thomas Leith served as Associate Dean.

The Counselling Centre (formerly Counselling Services), operates as a service to students seeking personal, academic and career counselling within the college. It is staffed by professional counsellors and by peers.

Counselling Services operated as a service to students seeking personal, academic and career counselling within the college. It was succeeded by the Counselling Centre.

The Atkinson College Students ' Association was instituted in 1963. All enrolled students are members of the Association which has as its main objective the fostering of activities and events that enhances the university experience of the membership. The Association has a General Assembly which is its deliberative body. The Assembly elects its own executive, the student members of the Atkinson College Council, and the student Senators of the York University Senate. In addition, the Association is responsible for the college newspaper, the college pub, and several events and activities (orientation, social events etc) throughout the school year.
The General Assembly of the Atkinson College Students' Association is a legislative and deliberative forum representative of the entire student body of the college. The Executive of the Assembly consists of a president, vice-president, treasurer and secretary
as well as five directors (Academic Affairs, Internal Affairs, External Affairs, Social and Cultural Affairs, Community Relations and a Director without Portfolio) elected by the assembly. In addition representatives are chosen from each class. The Assembly also appoints several committees to oversee college activities, publications, and operations.

The Atkinson College Council (originally the Faculty Council, 1962-1964) was established in 1962 by the university Senate as the legislative and deliberative body of the college. It deals with all academic matters, including curriculum, examinations and petitions of grades. In addition, it has responsibility for policy and planning activities, hiring of faculty and awarding of research grants to faculty and student awards. College Council membership includes the Dean, full-time faculty, student advisers, part-time and cross-appointed faculty and a number of students as well as university officers. The council officers include a chair, elected at the October meeting of the council, vice-chair, which is reserved for the Dean, and a Secretary. The council meets monthly, October to June. The council has several standing committees: Nominating; Policy & Procedure; Curriculum; Examinations and Academic Standards; Awards and Petitions; Research, Grants and Sabbaticals.

The Centre for Experimental Art and Communication (CEAC) was created in Toronto in 1975 by the Kensington Arts Association, an avant-garde artists collective. The Centre acted as a studio, resource centre, museum, gallery and performance space for the collective. It also acted as the host for visiting acts and artists in the areas of performance art, behaviour workshops, contextualism, visual arts (especially video art) and other post-modern art forms. The CEAC collective also produced events which were showcased in Europe, the United States, South America and, to a lesser extent, Canada. The Centre was the sight of 'Crash and burn,' a punk-rock musical venue in the mid-1970s. The Centre alienated funding bodies in the late 1970s when a copy of 'Strike', a journal associated with CEAC, was charged with promoting violent overthrow of authority, and CEAC was forced to close in 1980.

Founded in 1975 by Danny Grossman, the Danny Grossman Dance Company (DGDC) is a modern dance company that was legally incorporated as the Danny Williams Grossman Dance Company in 1977. Considered as one of Canada’s most popular modern-dance troupes, the company toured extensively in Canada and performed globally across Europe, Israel, South America, and the United States. It toured in more than seventeen countries and has appeared at major dance festivals including Jacob’s Pillow. Its mission is to provide the environment, opportunity and support for the creation, performance and preservation of works by Danny Grossman. The company’s artistic statement is to present dance that is about humanity: clear, concise, daring, and universal – not afraid of subject matter. The company’s repertoire of 30 original works reflects Danny Grossman’s personal values of equality, pacificism, honesty courage, social responsibility, sympathy for the underdog and a willingness to reveal demons.

During the first two years, four company dancers (Danny Grossman, Judy Hendon, Erik Bobrow, Greg Parks,) were also members of the Toronto Dance Theatre as dancers, apprentices, and students. Working under the umbrella of TDT, DGDC practised after hours and undertook extended residencies and performances at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia. Follow the success of Higher on tour to Miami and New York in 1976, the company was invited to perform at the New York Dance Festival, the Dance in Canada Conference in Halifax, and in the cultural festivities of the 21st Olympiad in Montreal in 1976.

By 1978 the company was established on a fulltime basis and would rehearse in the evenings at the National Ballet School studios. The six members DGDC (with Randy Glynn and Judith Miller joining the founding dancers) embarked on its first tour of Western Canada with Peter Sever as manager and Germain Pierce as wardrobe supervisor. Afterwards, the company moved to its own studio space on King Street, Hendon left and Pamela Grundy (who would later become Co-Artistic Director) and Trish Armstrong joined by audition.

In the 1980s, the company entered into an extended period of creative work to build a new repertoire in preparation for upcoming tours in North America and Europe. In 1988, the company expanded its repertoire to remount 15 revivals from Canadian artists (Patricia Beatty, Paula Ross, Lawrence Gradus, Judy Jarvis, Anna Blewchamp) and some American choreographers (Charles Weidman and Paul Taylor). Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, the company would performance and tour primarily in Canada.

The company has also collaborated and co-produced with artists of different techniques, cultures, and disciplines including Judy Jarvis, Lawrence Gradus, Rina Singha, and Brainerd Blyden-Taylor. Collaborations also assisted the company to maximise resources through initiatives such as For Dance and Opera (a joint booking project to meet tour management needs) and 509 Parliament St (joint studio space for Canadian Children’s Dance Theatre and independent artists). The company also belonged to Dance 2020 (workgroup of members of Toronto dance community to set priorities and visions for the future), Arts 4 Change (a program designed to create positive change for and by arts professionals in Toronto), and Artsvote (a campaign to educate local voters and politicians about issues in the cultural sector). The company also engaged in educational initiatives with local school groups, community groups, and undertook residency programs on tour.

With shrinking grants to fund operations, the company stopped performing in 2008 and shifted its focus on teaching and preserving Grossman’s choreography. The company travels to schools and teaches works to students at institutions such as Adelphi University.

Rhombus Media Inc. was formed in 1978 at the York University Film Department, when Barbara Willis Sweete and Niv Fichman created, Opus One, Number One, a documentary short that established the company's musical direction. Larry Weinstein joined soon after, and the trio have since produced and directed numerous television programs, and they are known as one of Canada's leading independent producer of television programs on the performing arts. Rhombus Media has received nominations for many international awards and has won two International Emmys, for 'Le Dortoir' in 1991, and for 'Pictures on the Edge' in 1992, and several Canadian Genie Awards, including Best Motion Picture in 1993 for 'Thirty-Two Short Films about Glenn Gould' and for 'The Red Violin' in 1999. 'The Red VIolin' also garnered an Oscar for best musical score in 2000. Rhombus also produced the award-winning television series 'Slings & Arrows'. In recent years Rhombus projects have been internationally co-produced with many of the major European television networks.

The Alliance of Canadian Television and Radio Artists (ACTRA) negotiates and administers collective agreements and sets minimum rates and basic conditions governing the English-language radio, television and film industry. ACTRA is composed of three guilds, and had its genesis in the Association of Radio Artists (1943), assuming the name Association of Canadian Television and Radio Artists in 1961. In 1984 ACTRA was reorganized and the first word in the title altered to 'Alliance'. The ACTRA Awards were first given in 1970 honouring Canadian writers, broadcast journalists and performers.

Based in Ottawa and Toronto, the Canada Dance Festival was first produced in 1987 as an initiative of the Dance in Canada Association, the National Arts Centre and Dance!, An Ottawa Summer Festival. Following the first festival, the Canada Dance Festival Society was formed with a separate administration and an official co-production arrangement with the National Arts Centre. Held biennially since 1988, the Canada Dance Festival aims to promote and produce a week long celebration of contemporary dance, featuring the newest artistic creations from a selection of the country's choreographers. It also attempts to support the creation, development and dissemination of these artists' work to a national and international audience. Another important goal of the festival is to foster the professional growth and development of participating artists. The festival has partnered with the National Gallery of Canada, Le Groupe Dance Lab, Arts Court, the University of Ottawa, and the National Capital Commission. The administrative structure of the festival consists of a 10 member Board of Directors made up of representatives from the artistic and business communities of Ottawa.

The Federation of Women Teachers' Associations of Ontario was established 3 April 1918, as a result of a meeting called by several local women elementary teachers' associations wishing to form a provincial organization. The FWTAO's original mandate included the promotion of the professional and financial status of women teachers in Ontario through the fostering of local associations and campaigning for a minimum annual salary. In addition to representing the financial and everyday workplace concerns of its membership, the FWTAO's mandate was extended to include curriculum reform, employment equity, and other issues related to sexual discrimination. As a consequence of a long series of legal challenges that began in 1985, based on the gender-exclusive nature of the Association, the FWTAO amalgamated with the Ontario Public School Men Teachers' Federation (OPSMTF) in 1998 to form the new Elementary Teachers' Federation of Ontario (ETFO).

The Canadian Film Development Corporation (Telefilm Canada) was created by Act of Parliament in 1967 to foster and promote the development of a feature film industry in Canada. The plan called for direct investment in low-budget Canadian 'cultural films', but by 1973 the demands for a more commercial fare led the CFDC to promote international co-production, sometimes using foreign stars in the feature films. Many of the films produced under this arrangement were never released. In 1984 the CDFC was renamed Telefilm Canada.

The Faculty of Arts was inaugurated in 1969 when it was separated from the Faculty of Arts and Science, and first offered courses under the current name in 1971. At that time it contained the Departments of Computer Science, Economics, English, Foreign Literature, French Literature, Geography, History, Mathematics, Philosophy, Physical Education, Political Science, Psychology, and Sociology and Anthropology. The Faculty also offered instruction through the Divisions of Humanities, Language Studies, Natural Science, and Social Science, where students could combine traditional liberal arts course work with an interdisciplinary approach to study leading to the Bachelor of Arts Ordinary and Honours degrees. In their first year students in the Faculty are required to take courses in the Divisions of Humanities, Social and Natural Sciences and a College Tutorial. The Faculty expanded its course selection rapidly in the 1970s, with new joint studies programmes in African Studies, Anthropology (which was separated from Sociology), Canadian Studies, Classical Studies, East Asian Studies, Individualized Studies, Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Law and Society, Linguistics, Religious Studies, Social and Political Thought and Urban Studies. Many of these programmes were developed within the Divisions of Humanities and Social Sciences. By 1991 the Faculty had approximately 16,800 enrolled students and had added to its calendar joint degree programmes in Business-Oriented Programmes (with the Faculty of Administrative Studies), Communication Arts (with community college diploma standing), Creative Writing (with the Faculty of Fine Arts), and new degree programmes in Economics and Business, Labour Studies, Mass Communications, Public and Policy Administration, Science, Technology Culture and Society, and Women's Studies. Many of these areas of study were developed within the Divisions of Humanities and Social Science. The Faculty is headed by a Dean who is assisted by three Associate Deans. There is a Faculty Council made up of all faculty members with representation from the students in the faculty and the university administration. In addition, there is a Student Caucus, which addresses the concerns of students in the faculty.

'Northern journey' was a Canadian literary magazine published in Montreal from 1971-1976. Its original publisher was Terrance MacCormack, who was also a founding co-editor with Fraser Sutherland. The magazine published many of Canada's best poets and writers, including Earle Birney, Gwendolyn MacEwen, Norman Levine, George Woodcock, Margaret Atwood and others. It was also a forum for literary and cultural debate, particularly in the area of Canadian nationalism.

The Joseph E. Atkinson College was established in 1961 as the result of a donation from the Atkinson Foundation. The purpose of the college is to provide evening classes for adult learners. Originally located at Glendon Hall, the college offered its first programme of courses in the 1962-63 academic year and began offering courses year-round in 1964-65. The college building on the Keele Street campus opening in 1966. At this time the college offered courses leading to the ordinary (three year) Bachelor of Arts degree in a restricted number of fields for both evening and part-time students. Atkinson College courses were generally taught by a full-time faculty appointed to the college. Thus the college, in effect, mirrored the academic development and structure of the larger university, with Divisions of Humanities, Natural Science and Social Science, as well as the several arts programme departments (English, History, Geography, Sociology, etc.). The college had an enrollment of 300 in 1962-63, and this had increased to over 6000 by 1970. In addition to the Arts programme, a degree programme in Administrative Studies was instituted in the 1970s, an Honours degree was offered by 1970-71 and degree programmes leading to a Bachelor of Science and a Bachelor of Social Welfare were first offered in 1973-74. By this date there was a Canadian Studies Programme and an Urban Studies Programme and students were permitted to define a course of study leading to the Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. The physical extent of the college was enhanced in the early 1970s by the addition of a west wing to the main building, the construction of Elm in a Elliott Atkinson Hall (both 1971), and a nine story residence building in 1973. By 1991 the college had a student population of 8,800, and departments or programmes of study in the following areas: Administrative Studies, Canadian Studies, Classical Studies, Computer Science and Mathematics, Economics, English, Fine Arts, Francaises et Langues modernes, Geography, History, Humanities, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Science Studies, Social Science, Social Work, Sociology and Urban Studies. The college is led by a Dean assisted by two Associate Deans, and there is a Master of Atkinson College. The College Council serves as the senior deliberative body, and the Atkinson College Students' Association oversees the interests of students. The college has its own Counselling Service, Outreach Services, an Office of Student Programmes, an Alumni Association and a librarian within the York University Libraries.

Founded in February 2000, Obsidian Theatre Company is a leading black theatre companies in Canada. As a producer of black theatre and community advocate, the company has endeavoured to produce plays, develop playwrights and train emerging theatre professionals. Their mission statement focuses on the exploration, development, and production of the black voice. The founding board included Awaovieyi Agie, Ardon Bess, David Collins, Roy Lewis, Yanna McIntosh, Diane Roberts, Kim Roberts, Sandi Ross, Djanet Sears, Satori Shakoor, Tricia Williams, Alison Sealy-Smith, and Philip Akin. Obsidian has encouraged Canada's local black playwrights and actors, mounting local works such as "The Adventures of a Black Girl in Search of God", "Consecrated Ground", "Born Ready" and "The Monument", as well as the first international collaboration (Canada and Barbados) of Austin Clarke's Giller Award winning novel "The Polished Hoe". They have also produced international plays such as "Intimate Apparel", "Late" and "Black Medea". Obsidian has established partnerships both locally and provincially working with companies such as The Stratford Festival of Canada, Mirvish Productions, The Harbourfront Centre, The Canadian Stage Company, Nightwood Theatre, The Harold Green Jewish Theatre, Factory Theatre, Theatre Passe Muraille, fu-GEN Theatre, Aluna Theatre, Roseneath Theatre, bcurrent, and the Frank Collymore Hall in Barbados. Obsidian produces plays from a world-wide canon focusing primarily, but not exclusively, on the works of highly acclaimed black playwrights.

The Canadian Association for Women in Science (CAWIS) was formed in 1981. It started as a chapter of the U.S. based Association for Women in Science (AWIS), but a decision was made at the chapter meeting in May, 1981 to from a wholly Canadian organization in order to better serve the needs of Canadians. CAWIS initiatives and activities include publishing a CAWIS newsletter; co-ordinating public seminars and lectures; promoting science education in high schools for girls; supporting, lobbying, informing organizations, ministries, associations on issues relevant to women and science; participating in conferences on women and science; establishing a CAWIS award to Canadian women in science; establishing a Canadian registry of women in science; and marketing the organization CAWIS to the general public and women involved/interested in scientific professions.

The Mountain Fund to Help Save the Boat People was founded in 1979 by John Smith, a Christian politician in Hamilton, Ontario in response to the plight of the Vietnamese refugees who fled communist rule in their country in boats to neighbouring countries. Supported by local Hamilton-Wentworth citizens, the Mountain Fund sponsored hundreds of Vietnamese refugees in the 1980s and assisted them in integrating into Canadian society quickly. The Mountain Fund aid extended beyond the crisis and continued to help the Vietnamese in refugee camps into the 1990s.

The Canadian Association for Irish Studies was established in 1956 to encourage study and research in all fields of Irish culture. In March 1974 the Association held its seventh annual seminar at York University.

Goldfarb Consultants was established in 1965. Its primary activities focus on marketing, polling and advertising. Its customers have included a diverse group of private-sector companies, as well as the federal and provincial Liberal parties of Canada. Goldfarb Consultants provides both corporate and political clients with a reading of the public mood and a prescription for how best to optimize it. Martin Goldfarb, the founder of Goldfarb Consultants, was the first Canadian pollster to expand on traditional research methods by de-emphasizing the use of quantitative research (the gathering and compilation of numbers), and emphasizing qualitative research analysis. The qualitative research approach involves intensive questioning of specific focus groups about specific issues. By interpreting the focus groups' answers, a set of assumptions is made about the probable behaviour of the people, either as voters or consumers.

The Canadian Association of Professional Dance Organizations (CAPDO) is the only national service organization for dance in Canada. Established in 1978 and incorporated in 1981, CAPDO helps to serve the interests of dancers and dance organizations across Canada regardless of their stage of development and experience. It represents the collective interests of its members in seeking out public support for its initiative to expand opportunities for professional development and creativity within the discipline. Its members are the major professional dance companies and institutions in Canada with proven records of professional achievement and artistic merit. In 1990, CAPDO undertook a formal review of its structure, objectives and administration with the primary purpose of expanding its membership and better representing the needs of a broader spectrum of the dance community. The membership today consists of dance companies, training and re-training institutions and other agencies serving the professional dance community.

The Department of Facilities Planning and Management is the successor to the Department of Campus Planning, acquiring its current name in 1980. In that year, the new department assumed the responsibilities of the Department of Ancillary Services. The department was responsible for all planning of space allocation on the campus and the maintenance of a computerized database of space use.

The Department of Campus Planning, the forerunner of the Department of Facilities Planning and Management, was responsible for the planning and implementation of the physical environment of York University. The department had three major responsibilities. The first was the development of the Master Plan, which involved the selection of architects, liaison with municipal authorities for the provision of services to the campus, and co-operation with various building and planning committees on campus, including the Board of Governors Property and Building Committee and the Campus Planning Advisory Committee. The second was to provide background information to planners, architects and consultants with regard to space allocation, design, and services for the several campus buildings and facilities, both on the Glendon and main campuses. Finally, the department had to oversee the implementation of the Master Plan, and this work involved control over costs and schedules; work with outside consultants and project committees within the university; and liaison with the Department of Physical Plant. The department was renamed Facilities Planning and Management in 1980.

The Hepatitis C Society of Canada (HeCSC) is a non-profit, national voluntary health organization. Its mission is to fight hepatitis C through prevention, early detection, support, appropriate treatment and comfort. It does this through 40 chapters across Canada that offer support groups, local peer counseling, publications and seminars. In addition, mainly through its intervenor status at the Krever Commission, the society advocated for just compensation for those who developed hepatitis C through tainted blood transfusions. HeCSC was founded in May of 1994 by Dr. Alan T.R. Powell of Toronto. The first volunteers started working with the organization in June 1994. By October, chapters were established in Victoria, Edmonton, Regina, Hamilton, Toronto and Ottawa. With the national office open in Toronto and the 1-800 number up and running, HeCSC was providing support and resources for hepatitis C carriers all across Canada and became registered as a charitable organization in January of 1995 and incorporated by Industry Canada as a non-profit group in April of the same year. HeCSC is funded by Health Canada’s National Voluntary Health Organizations and Hepatitis C Division, Ontario Ministry of Health’s Healthy Communities, and donors.

Parkdale Community Legal Services (PCLS) was established in 1971 as a community legal service for the Parkdale community in Toronto. PCLS is affiliated with Osgoode Hall Law School whose students work as interns in the programme as part of their legal education. The clinic is funded by the Clinic Funding Committee of the Law Society of Upper Canada and by Osgoode Hall Law School which provides the services of an academic director who is always a faculty member. PCLS has always defined its primary task as poverty law and students who participate in the clinic attend weekly seminars on poverty law. The clinic focuses on four main areas of poverty law: tenants rights; workers' rights; refugee law; and social assistance law.

Planet in Focus, an Environmental Film Festival based in Toronto, Ontario, is an incorporated not-for-profit organization. Mark Haslam, a York University alumnus, founded the festival promote awareness, discussion and engagement on a broad range of environmental issues.

The University Women's Club of North York received its charter as the first suburban club and 70th member of the Canadian Federation of University Women in October 1951. The impetus for the establishment of this club came from Grace Morgan in conversation with some of her apartment building neighbours. These initial discussions led to an organizational meeting attended by Morgan and nine others at her home on October 18. The inaugural meeting, attended by 20 graduates, was held on October 31 and officers were elected including Margaret Wright as the first President and Morgan as Honourary President. In a short time, membership was up to 53 and this increased to 400 by 1976. The UWCNY offers a variety of opportunities for the intellectual enrichment of its members through general meetings, lectures, study and interest groups in areas such as money management, current events, art appreciation and book studies. Since 1954, through its scholarship fund, the club provides bursaries and awards to local area female students attending post-secondary institutions.

"The International Theatre Institute ITI is the world’s largest performing arts organization founded in 1948 by theatre and dance experts and UNESCO. Dedicated to performing arts, ITI advances UNESCO’s goals of mutual understanding and peace and advocates for the protection and promotion of cultural expressions, regardless of age, gender, creed or ethnicity. It works to these ends internationally and nationally in the areas of arts education, international exchange and collaboration, and youth training.[2] ITI organizes the International Dance Day and World Theatre Day every year at the UNESCO, Paris.[3][4]" (Wikipedia)

The Ruskin Literary and Debating Society was established in Toronto in 1900 as a voluntary organization devoted to literature and discussion of topics of the day. The second meeting of the Society witnessed debates on government ownership of railways, canals and gas companies. James Simpson, the Toronto labour politician was a member of the Society in its first decade. While it continued to meet annually throughout the century, by the 1960s the membership began to decline, and reforms to the constitution were introduced, the result of which led to a revitalization of the society in the 1970s. In the 1980s' topics of debate at society meetings included, an elected senate for Canada, the banning of nuclear arms, the reinstatement of capital punishment, immigration laws, and the Meech Lake constitutional proposal. The officers of the Society include an honourary president, a secretary, a historian, and a critic whose role is to offer criticism of the members' debating styles, arguments and presentation. The society holds an annual banquet, and bequeaths prizes to members in the areas of best essay, and best debating skills. Each meeting of the society is presented with a programme of discussion topics.

The Committee for an Independent Canada was established in 1970 by Walter Gordon, Peter Newman and Abraham Rotstein to promote Canadian economic and cultural independence. Many of the proposals offered by the Committee were eventually made into government policy including the establishment of the Foreign Investment Review Committee, the Canadian Development Corporation, and Petro Canada. The Committee was disbanded in 1981.

The Canadian Theatre Review was Canada's first quarterly theatre journal and was established at York University in 1974 as a publishing project of the Faculty of Fine Arts and the Department of Theatre. It grew out of a Theatre Department publication called the York Theatre Journal which began in about 1970. Both publications were initially edited by faculty members Don Rubin and Ross Stuart.

The first issue of CTR appeared in January 1974 and it set the model for the journal's issues thereafter: themed issues, a full-length playscript, short essays on a variety of subjects and book reviews. Within 24 months, the journal expanded into theatre book publishing and began using the more comprehensive designation CTR Publications. In addition to the journal,

CTR Publications, under Rubin's general editorship, published some two dozen separate volumes including the archival series "Canada on Stage" (1974-1988), the four-volume "Canada's Lost Plays" series and historical volumes such as Toby Gordon Ryan's "Stage Left: Canadian Theatre in the Thirties". In 1982, Rubin turned the editorship over to Robert Wallace of Glendon College and its production to the University of Toronto Press.

When Wallace left as editor, the publication was taken over by the University of Guelph and edited by Alan Filewod, a Guelph Theatre professor and a graduate of the York Theatre Department when the journal first began.

The British Canadian Trade Association (formerly Canadian Association of British Manufacturers and Agencies) was a British trade lobby group. Organized in 1951, the Association had offices in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver. The organization was made up of approximately four hundred British firms operating in Canada. It sought to promote trade between the two countries, represent the interests of its members to the federal and provincial governments, to publicize the activities and products of its members and to foster good relations between all receiving or offering goods and services in either country. Forced to close its offices in the 1970s, BCTA was re-named British Canadian Trade Associates by 1980.

'Waves' was a literary magazine originally produced at York University (1972-1980), that grew out of a poetry workshop conducted by Irving Layton at the university in the 1970-1971 school year. The journal was devoted to prose and poetry, and was issued three times a year. The editor of 'Waves,' Bernice Lever, also served as office and business manager, circulation manager, and eventually became owner of 'Waves,' in 1976. From 1980 until it ceased publication in 1987, 'Waves' was produced in her home.

The United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America was established in 1936, with the first Canadian local in Toronto created the following year. The union, long considered on the left-wing of Canadian labour unions, was dismissed from the Canadian Congress of Labour in 1949 for suspected Communist ties and it was not until 1973 that the union was re-admitted to the Canadian Labour Congress. The UE had forty-seven locals in Canada (1993) including locals in Toronto, Guelph, Peterborough and Montreal. In that year decreasing membership lead to an affiliation with the Canadian Auto Workers.

The Sussex Area Residents' Association was established in 1966. It attempted to prevent the implementation of a City of Toronto Planning Board proposal to raze the housing and commercial buildings in its area in favour of new apartment buildings. The area is bounded by Spadina Avenue, Bathurst, Bloor and Harbord Streets (Toronto). The plan was ultimately abandoned.

The Canadian Law and Society Association/l'Association canadienne droit et société is a group of scholars dedicated to the advancement of interdisciplinarity in legal and socio-legal scholarship in Canada and internationally. The association focuses on training in law, history, sociology, political science, criminology, psychology, anthropology, and economics as well as in other related areas. It awards prizes for socio-legal scholarship; holds a small midwinter meeting and a large annual conference and graduate student workshop; and publishes the "Canadian Journal of Law & Society/La revue canadienne droit et société." The CLSA/ACDS was formed in 1982 to provide a sense of intellectual community for a growing group of Canadian scholars interested in the relationship between law and society. In 1985 the association held a conference at the University of Montreal, where the decision to formally establish the association and journal was made. John McLaren was elected president with Peter Russell as vice-president, and the association obtained formal “learned society” status. The journal’s first issue appeared in 1986 under the editorship of Rainer Knopf. In recent years, the association has participated in independent and co-operative projects and conferences.

The Portuguese Interagency Network (PIN) was founded in 1978. PIN was a community-based, non-profit organization which connected agencies and individuals who were concerned with the provision of Portuguese-speaking Canadians in Ontario. Member agencies in the early years included: The Doctors Hospital Social Work Department, The Working Women Community Centre, Parkdale Community Legal Services, St Christopher House, St Stephen’s House, C.R. Sanderson Public Library, and the COSTI-Education Centre. PIN’s membership eventually grew to include over 200 member agencies in addition to many individual members.

PIN’s objectives included: ensuring the provision of services through community development and active cooperation of individuals and agencies; providing on-going professional development and support to its membership; acting as a consulting and resource body for organizations and individuals; providing referrals aimed at linking individuals with services in the community; developing and promote research and planning projects for educational purposes on community needs; encouraging the exchange of information among member agencies and individuals; provide community educational programs; and granting scholarships to support and encourage youth to attend post-secondary institutions.

PIN was managed by an elected twelve-member Board of Directors and an Executive Director. The programs of the P.I.N. were carried out by working committees which focused on the following areas: Adult Education, Child Education, Family and Community Services, Health, Special Needs, and Seniors. Project-based or ad-hoc committees, included: “Ready or Not,” “Youth Committee,” “Lusophone,” and “Employment Equity.” PIN produced several studies and reports on Toronto’s Portuguese-Canadian community. It also conducted a number of public education campaigns in the areas of health, adult education, literacy, sexual assault, and skills training.

PIN helped develop organizations such as Kensington Clinic, Portuguese Mental Health Clinic, Downtown Employment Services, Portuguese Family Crisis Centre, Access Alliance Multicultural Health Centre, and Bradford Immigrant Community Services. PIN played a role in the organization of several conferences for the Portuguese-Canadian community across Canada. In 1993, a conference held in Ottawa, titled “From Coast to Coast: A Community in Transition,” brought together Portuguese-Canadians nation-wide to discuss social, economic, and political issues affecting the community. During the conference, the Portuguese-Canadian National Congress was founded.

Following spending cuts by the Ontario Provincial government in the mid-1990s, PIN discontinued its work in 2009.

Compañeros, according to Vancouver Folk Festival founder Gary Cristall, was considered the first Canadian world music band. Offering a variety of fused rhythms from the Afro-Latin tradition of the Americas, native sounds from the Andes and the rhythms, vocalizations and instrumentation from the Greek and Mediterranean traditions, Compañeros uses a variety of instruments, including guitar, Greek Bouzouki and Baglama, Colombian tiple, Venezuelan cuatro, quenas, zampoñas, Bass, keyboards, flutes and saxophones.
The original members of Compañeros were: Marcelo Puente, Juan Opitz, Dimitri Apoustolou, Nikos Tsingos, Adam Konstantakis, Ricardo Rivas, Juan Salvatierra, Javier Garcia and Zacharias Polatos. Compañeros performed its 1st concert to a sold out house at the Titania Music Hall, now know as The Music Hall, on April 28th, 1978.
Compañeros and The Trojan Horse Coffee House became an important contributor to the cultural scene of the 70’s and early 80’s. Toronto, and more specifically Danforth Ave. near Broadview was the first place refugees from Latin America would congregate and continue work in solidarity with various human rights organizations, including Amnesty International. The band found itself participating in numerous solidarity and fundraising events.

The Gurkha Welfare Appeal (Canada) was a government registered charitable organization in operation between 1973 and 2004. GWA(C) was the Canadian branch of Gurkha Welfare Trust, based in the United Kingdom. These organizations, with the Gurkha Welfare Trust (USA) and the Kadoorie Agricultural Aid Association (KAAA), constituted the international Gurkha Welfare Scheme (GWS).

The Gurkha Welfare Trust was established to provide for the welfare of retired Gurkha soldiers and their dependents living in poverty in Nepal. Gurkha soldiers, recruited in the hills of Nepal, have served the British Crown since 1815. The Gurkha brigades participated in both World Wars and countless military conflicts of the past two centuries and have been highly celebrated for their heroism and bravery.

GWA(C), which officially launched in January 1973, reoriented the aims of the international trust by helping not only the ex-servicemen and their families but also the broader communities in which the Gurkhas lived. The charity directed funds to improve the quality of life in the hill communities of Nepal. GWA(C) was funded by the Canadian Educational Development and Relief (CEDAR) programme of the Canadian International Development Administration (CIDA) between 1975 and 1989, and by private donations.

Between June 1975 and August 1989, GWA(C) built the following development projects in Nepal: 131 drinking water supply schemes; six suspension bridges; three irrigation canals; 22 outreach centres (or Area Welfare Centres), where ex-servicemen submitted applications for assistance and received pensions and primary medical care; 22 schools and hostel buildings; an ex-servicemen rest house; and the Dharan school for blind children, completed in 1998. The GWA(C) also contributed to the international relief effort following the 1988 earthquake in Nepal.

The CEDAR programme closed on 1 July 1989 due to lack of funding. Afterwards, only a small project office was retained to perform repair, maintenance, and improvements of the Area Welfare Centres (AWCs) in Nepal. For example, small improvements to the AWCs, such as building covered walkways, office extensions, and pension shelters, were completed during this period. GWA(C) ceased operations in Nepal in March 2003 and officially closed in 2004. Since then, the Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) assumed responsibility for the maintenance of the AWCs.

Maj. Michael Burke (1925-2004) was the Secretary for the GWA(C) from its inception until his death. Born in Karachi, present-day Pakistan, Maj. Burke studied at the St. Lawrence School in Sanawar, India. He was an officer with the 4th Gurkhas and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. He immigrated to Canada in 1958 and taught in the Metropolitan Separate School Board until his retirement in 1991. In recognition of his efforts for the GWA(C), he received the M.B.E. from the Queen at Buckingham Palace in June 1983. Following his death in 2004, Maj. Burke’s widow, Carol Burke, and Bill Smith were appointed joint Secretaries of GWA(C) and oversaw its closing.

The 'Toronto telegram' (originally the 'Evening telegram,') was launched in 1876 by John Ross Robertson. The 'Tely' strongly supported the British connection in Canada, appealing to British and Imperial sentiments even after Canadian nationalism became fashionable. The newspaper was locked in a circulation war with its afternoon rival, the 'Toronto star', for much of the twentieth century. The battle involved giveaway contests, scoops, and even hiding personalities (like swimmer Marilyn Bell) from the competition to ensure exclusive stories. Following Robertson's death, the paper was continued by a trust he had established. In 1948 the newspaper was sold to George McCullagh, owner of the Toronto Globe & mail, who invited John Bassett to act as publisher. In 1952 Bassett bought the newspaper and attempted to best the Star with new features in his newspaper, the introduction of colour photography (which meant the demise of the famous 'pink' newsprint on which the "Tely" had been printed), and other modernizations (including a news office building). Falling circulation and lack of advertising led Bassett to close the newspaper in 1971.

York Region District School Board is the third largest school district in Ontario.

The Toronto Dance Theatre was founded in 1968 by Patricia Beatty, founder of The New Dance Group of Canada, Peter Randazzo, principal dancer with the Martha Graham Company, and David Earle, former artistic director of London Contemporary Dance Theatre. Beattie, Randazzo and Earle stepped down as artistic directors in the spring of 1983 and were replaced by Kenny Pearl. The present artistic director of the Toronto Dance Theatre is Christopher House. Since their first performance in 1968, the Toronto Dance Theatre has performed in every province across Canada and has toured in the United States, Europe and Asia. The majority of the company's repertoire consists of the choreography of the three founders including "Against Sleep" (Beatty 1968), "Court of Miracles" (Earle 1982), and "A Simple Melody" (Randazzo 1977). House, who choreographed "Glass Houses" (1983), won a Jean A. Chalmers award for his achievements. The School of Toronto Dance Theatre was also founded in 1968, at the same time as the Toronto Dance Theatre. The dance school, the first of its kind in Canada, offers a comprehensive training program in modern dance. Both the Company and the School are administered by the Toronto Dance Foundation.

Khush: South Asian Gay Men of Toronto was founded in 1987. The group organized meetings for queer South Asians, and later broadened their membership to include women, becoming Khush: South Asian Lesbian and Gay Association. Remaining active until 1998 the organization ran a variety of queer South Asian community events, one being the annual Desh Pardesh (until 2001), spotlighting South Asian culture, art, and politics. In 1989 Khush founded the first South Asian gay and lesbian newspaper in Toronto, and Avec Pyar, a quarterly zine.

For more information see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khush:_South_Asian_Lesbian_and_Gay_Association .

SAVAC (South Asian Visual Arts Centre) is the only non-profit, artist-run centre in Canada dedicated to supporting South Asian artists. For over two decades, SAVAC has increased the visibility of culturally diverse artists by curating and exhibiting their work, providing mentorship, and facilitating professional development.

Our mission is to produce programs that explore issues and ideas shaping the identities and experiences of people from the region and its diasporas. We encourage work that is challenging, experimental and engaged in critical discussions that offer new perspectives on the contemporary world.

SAVAC develops and produces a range of contemporary visual art interventions and programs. We work without a gallery space, and typically in collaboration with other artist-run centres, public galleries and visual arts organizations. This unique, collaborative model allows for SAVAC to play a vital role in Canada’s visual arts ecology by expanding the frameworks that support culturally diverse perspectives in art.

1987 Khush: South Asian Gay Men of Toronto is founded. Khush has an active membership of around 100 people, with a mandate to “educate South Asian gay men and the wider gay community about South Asian culture, as well as to forge connections amongst the South Asian community, South Asian cultural producers/artists, and the gay community”.

1988 Khush and Gay Asian Toronto organize “Unity Among Asians,” a conference for Asian lesbians and gay men in North America.

1989 Members of Khush organize SALAAM TORONTO, a one-day celebration at the 519 Community Centre, featuring arts, literature, food, culture, games, and performance, drawing a crowd of around 800 people.

1990 Khush hosts Khalla (later to become Desh Pardesh), a three-evening event of video and film, music and dance, hosted at Euclid Theatre, “intended to provide a forum for South Asian artists” aiming to “incite dialogue […] and to begin an interrogation of what South Asian culture is”. (Clara Thomas Archives)

1990 Festival undergoes name change from Khalla Festival to Des/Pardes or Desh Pardesh.

1992 Desh lengthens and broadens programming, funding and staffing, and includes film/video, poetry/fiction, theatre/performance, dance, live music, DJs, non-fiction/criticism/journalism, visual art/photography.

1993 Desh is established as a permanent organization with a small membership fee and working board.

1993/94 A group of visual artists who had been working together to curate the visual arts component of Desh, come together to form South Asian Visual Arts Collective (later to be named the South Asian Visual Arts Centre, or SAVAC)

1994 Desh and ASAAP (Alliance for South Asian AIDS Prevention) are incorporated as non-profit organizations.

1997 SAVAC is formally established as an artist-run centre, working in close collaboration with Desh.

2001 Desh Pardesh festival and its administrative body are closed, due largely to the financial crisis.

2001 SAVAC is provincially incorporated.

2004 SAVAC celebrates its 10th anniversary.

2008 SAVAC changes its name from South Asian Visual Arts Collective to South Asian Visual Arts Centre to more accurately reflect its organizational purpose and structure as an artist-run centre. In this year, SAVAC also becomes federally incorporated and celebrates its 15th anniversary.

2009 SAVAC is awarded charitable status.

2013 SAVAC is awarded multi-year the Ontario Trillium Foundation funding for a project that will involve the creation of an archive that traces the history of SAVAC as an organization, and the people and groups that preceded it.

2014 SAVAC celebrates 20 years of existence and 10 years of Monitor: South Asian Experimental Film + Video program.

For more information see: https://www.savac.net/about/ .

(from ANFC website)
The Friendship Centre Movement began in the mid-1950s when groups were formed in most urban areas across Canada to represent the interests of the increasing number of Indigenous peoples migrating from outlying reserves. These early Friendship Centres existed mainly as referral agencies between established social service organizations and urban Indigenous residents. Funding of these early centres was dependent on individual volunteers and their ability to raise operating funds though various fundraising events and private donations.

As the stream of new arrivals continued to grow throughout the 1960s, Friendship Centre staff became increasingly aware of the need to extend their services beyond a referral mandate. For this to be possible, increased organization and adequate funding for each Centre was necessary. To support this transition, in the late 1960s, Friendship Centres began organizing into Provincial/Territorial Associations (PTAs): unifying bodies aimed at providing administrative support to each of the local Friendship Centres within their specified region.

With the increased organization and supportive network that ensued from the creation of the PTAs, local Friendship Centres were able to expand their services beyond their referral mandate to concentrate on proactively encouraging and assisting Indigenous peoples to adjust and thrive more successfully in their new urban environment. With this refocus, both the public at large as well as Provincial and Federal governments began to recognize the viability and importance of the Friendship Centre Indigenous Self-Reliance Movement.

In 1972, the government of Canada’s support of the movement was formally recognized with her implementation of the Migrating Native Peoples Program (MNPP); providing operational funding to each of the then 40 Centres across Canada. The MNPP was renamed the Aboriginal Friendship Centre Program (AFCP) in 1988. The federal government’s commitment to supporting Friendship Centres has been ongoing with the renewal of the Aboriginal Friendship Centres Program. The AFCP program now provides core operational funding to 115 local Friendship Centres across Canada— 20 of which are located in communities throughout Alberta.

(from Trent University Archives fonds-level description)
The Canadian Association in Support of Native Peoples is an association of natives and non-natives in support of natives. It was originally established in 1957 under the name of the National Commission on the Indian Canadian and was a non-native organization created to study the "Indian problem". The first chairman of the Commission was Mrs. W.H. Clark. By February 1958 it had become apparent that the problems of the native peoples were much more complex than first anticipated, and it was decided to involve aboriginal peoples in the Commission to help find viable solutions. In 1960, the Indian-Eskimo Association (I.E.A.) was incorporated, with Mrs. Clark as the first president. The I.E.A. had several functions which included encouraging native leaders to form organizations, fund-raising, organizing workshops to discuss native housing, community and economic development, and providing advice and support in legal matters. Also, provincial and regional divisions were created to help deal with specific native issues, not just native problems on a general level. By 1968, several national and provincial native organizations had come into being. In September of the same year, leaders of the native organizations met with representatives of the I.E.A. to discuss the future role of the Association. It was agreed that the native organizations still needed the I.E.A.'s support, but that they should begin to deal directly with governments, without the I.E.A. acting as the middleman. It was clear that the future of the I.E.A. was to provide only support and advice to the developing native organizations. In 1972, many of the recommendations made in 1968 had come into effect. The name was changed to the Canadian Association in Support of Native Peoples to reflect the new functions of the Association more accurately. At this time, regional offices of the Association were closed, and the head office moved from Toronto to Ottawa. The Association still continues to function in an advisory capacity.
For more information, see: http://www2.trentu.ca/library/archives/82-014.htm .

The Greek Community of Toronto (GCT) is a communal institution established in 1909, incorporated in 1965 and is a registered non-profit charitable organization.

Representing over 150,000 Canadians of Hellenic descent in the Greater Toronto Area, the GCT and its members share a common desire to serve and promote the objectives of our organization. They are committed to providing an environment for Greek culture and heritage to flourish, thus enriching the unique social and cultural fabric within a vibrant and diverse Canada.

The Greek Community of Toronto is governed by a hierarchy of decision-making bodies, principal among them the Board of Directors and The General Assembly.

Based on entry in The Canadian Encyclopedia:
"CCMC. 'Free music orchestra' formed in 1974 in Toronto as the Canadian Creative Music Collective. Only the abbreviation was in use by 1978. Defining itself as 'a composing ensemble... united by a desire to play music that is fluid, spontaneous, and self-regulating,' the CCMC, by its instrumentation, by the backgrounds of several of its founders, and by the improvised nature of its music, was initially aligned with the free jazz community.

Its original members were Peter Anson (guitar and later synthesizer); Graham Coughtry (trombone); Larry Dubin (percussion); Greg Gallagher (saxophones); Nobuo Kubota (saxophones); Allan Mattes (bass, bass guitar, electronics); Casey Sokol (piano); Bill Smith (saxophones); and Michael Snow (piano, trumpet, guitar, analogue synthesizer). Gallagher, Coughtry and Smith left 1976-7, Dubin died in 1978 and Anson departed in 1979. The remaining quartet was augmented by the drummer John Kamevaar in 1981. Sokol left in 1988, Kubota in 1991 and Damevaar and Mattes in 1994, and the vocalist Paul Dutton became a member in 1989 and John Oswald (alto sax) as of 1994. The CCMC began moving toward improvised electroacoustic music: instrumentation in 1990 comprised guitar-synthesizer and double bass (Mattes); wind synthesizer (Kubota); tapes and live electronic sampling (Kamevaar); voice (Dutton and Kubota); and piano (Snow).

After early performances in private, the CCMC established the Music Gallery in 1976, performing there on a twice-weekly basis until 1983, and later weekly. CCMC members were responsible for the gallery's operation until 1987 - Anson and Mattes 1976-80, Mattes alone thereafter - and established the Music Gallery Editions record label and Musicworks. After 2000, the CCMC's relationship with the Music Gallery ceased.

The CCMC has travelled widely, making four tours in Canada by 1982 and five in Europe 1978-85. It performed at the FIMAV (Festival international de musique actuelle de Victoriaville) in 1984 and again in 1997, at the 1984 summer Olympics in Los Angeles, at Expo 86, in Japan in 1988 and for New Music America, Montreal, in 1990. It later appeared in France (1998); Texas (1999); New York (2001); and in 2002 in England, the Netherlands, France and Germany. It has also played in various festivals in Canada, eg, Open Ears (Kitchener-Waterloo) and No Music Festival (London, Ont). The ensemble since 1995 has been a trio, consisting of Dutton (voice or soundsinging, harmonica); John Oswald (alto sax); and Snow (piano, analogue synthesizer).

Music Gallery Editions released six LPs recorded by the CCMC 1976-80: CCMC Vol 1 (MGE-1), CCMC Vol 2 (MGE-2), CCMC Vol 3 (MGE-6), Larry Dubin and the CCMC (3-MGE-15), Free Soap (MGE-22) and Without a Song (MGE-31). Two cassettes, CCMC 90, documenting the 1989-90 season at the Gallery, were issued in 1990. These were followed by the CDs Decisive Moments (TLR 02, 1994); Accomplices (VITOcd063, 1998) and CCMC + Christian Marclay (NMRx0003/ART MET CD004, 2002)."

The Canadian Friends of Finland (CFF) was founded in 1982 by a group of Finnish Canadian volunteers led by Professor Varpu Lindstrom of York University. The mandate of the CFF is to develop and promote friendly relations and cultural and educational connections between Canadians and Finns. Since its founding in Toronto, the CFF has established active branches in Montreal, Ottawa, and Vancouver. In 1990 the CFF established the CFF Education Foundation (CFFEF) to support the Finnish Studies Program at the University of Toronto.

The Southern Conference Educational Fund (SCEF) was established in 1946 as the educational arm of the Southern Conference for Human Welfare (SCHW). SCEF became a completely separate organization the following year and based most of its activities out of its New Orleans, Louisiana, office. James Anderson Dombrowski directed the group and edited its monthly newspaper, the Southern Patriot. Dombrowski and Aubrey Williams became the most visible figures in SCEF during the 1950s, and they helped establish the organization as a leading proponent of integration and civil rights in the South. Veteran journalists and civil rights activists Anne and Carl Braden directed SCEF from the mid 1960s into the 1970s. They forged close ties with regional and local southern civil rights groups, kept civil rights issues in the national media and strengthened SCEF fundraising activities. SCEF worked closely with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) from the early 1960s on. Anti-communists in Congress and state government frequently attacked SCEF as a communist front. In 1963, police raided the New Orleans offices and arrested several officials for violating Louisiana's anti-communist laws. The United States Supreme Court overturned the laws in 1965, after SCEF challenged the arrests in court. The Bradens moved SCEF's offices from New Orleans to Louisville, Kentucky, in 1966. The organization continued to work toward the goal of a southern interracial future. In July of 1973, a group of Black Panthers kidnapped, at gunpoint, two SCEF officials, Helen Greever and Earl Scott. The two eventually escaped, but the incident caused deep divisions within SCEF that were evidenced over the following few months. At a SCEF board meeting in Birmingham, Alabama, in October of 1973, board member Walter Collins denounced several Communist Party members, including Greever, arguing that they had placed the policies of the party over the best interests of SCEF. Collins argued that the Communists had caused the disputes with the Panthers. He and other board members voted to oust the Communists over the opposition of the Bradens. Eventually, SCEF moved to Atlanta, Georgia where internal disputes and financial problems plagued the organization. The Southern Patriot changed its name to the Southern Struggle. Several local chapters, in Florida, West Virginia, and North Carolina, remained particularly active. By 1981, however, financial problems caused the group to consider moving to Dallas, merging with other organizations, or disbanding altogether.

Archival records of the SCEF are held by Georgia State University. Finding aid available at: http://digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/findingaids/id/1241.

"Black Sparrow Books, formerly known as Black Sparrow Press, is a book publisher originally founded in 1966 by John Martin of Santa Rosa, California. He founded this company in order to publish the works of Charles Bukowski and other avant-garde authors. He initially financed this company by selling his large collection of rare first editions. Typography and printing were the work of Graham Mackintosh of San Francisco, Noel Young and Edwards Brothers, Inc. Barbara Martin oversaw all of the title page and cover designs, which are still unique today.

Black Sparrow Press most prominently published the work of authors Charles Bukowski, John Fante, and Paul Bowles. A more complete list is shown below. These artists, now considered part of a contemporary 'alternative tradition,' were first established and nurtured under the auspices of Black Sparrow Press. Many of its titles are now highly collectible.

Black Sparrow Press sold the rights to publish Bukowski, Bowles and Fante to HarperCollins Publishers in 2002. At this point, John Martin retired. Martin then sold the remainder of his inventory for $1.00 to David R. Godine, Publisher who adopted the name Black Sparrow Books. Godine is now the exclusive licensed distributor of Black Sparrow Books while HarperCollins continues to print and reprint the books by Bukowski, Fante and Bowles, replicating the original designs. In 2010, Black Sparrow published Door to the River, a collection of essays by Aram Saroyan; Well Then There Now, a collection of poems by Juliana Spahr; and Cheyenne Madonna, a collection of linked short stories by Eddie Chuculate. Copies of all editions of Charles Bukowski's works published by the Black Sparrow Press are held at Western Michigan University, which purchased the archive of the publishing house after its closure in 2003."
-from Wikipedia entry available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sparrow_Books .